<p><strong>In this technical tip from </strong><span><strong>Phenomenex</strong></span><strong>, the topic of gas chromatography (GC) column trimming is addressed from a troubleshooting perspective. The key question explored is whether trimming a GC column is necessary and how it impacts chromatographic performance.</strong></p><h3><strong>Why Trim a GC Column?</strong></h3><p>Column trimming is primarily used to <strong>restore chromatographic performance</strong> by removing damaged or contaminated sections, typically located at the column inlet.</p><h5><strong>1. Baseline Bleed, Noise, Ghost Peaks, Poor Peak Shape</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Cause:</strong> Column contamination</li><li>Removing the contaminated stationary phase at the column entrance helps restore performance.</li></ul><h5><strong>2. Elevated Baseline (Especially at High Temperature)</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Cause:</strong> Column bleed</li><li>Degradation of the stationary phase due to <strong>oxygen exposure or thermal damage</strong> leads to increased baseline.</li></ul><h5><strong>3. Ghost Peaks (Peaks Without Injection)</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Cause:</strong> Residual sample or contamination</li><li>Compounds trapped at the beginning of the column can appear as peaks even when no sample is injected.</li></ul><h5><strong>4. Peak Tailing (Asymmetrical Peaks)</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Cause:</strong> Damaged or contaminated column sections</li><li>These issues result in <strong>adsorption effects or poor flow dynamics</strong>.</li></ul><h5><strong>5. Retention Time Shifts</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Cause:</strong> Contamination or damage near the inlet</li><li>Although trimming slightly changes retention time, it can correct shifts caused by inlet-side issues.</li></ul><h5><strong>6. Baseline Noise and Spikes</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Cause:</strong> Particulate matter or degraded stationary phase</li><li>These can lead to <strong>detector instability</strong> and random signal fluctuations.</li></ul><h5><strong>7. Baseline Drift or Wander</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Cause:</strong> Contamination or oxidized column sections</li><li>Removing these regions stabilizes the baseline.</li></ul><h5><strong>8. Loss of Resolution or Sensitivity</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Cause:</strong> General column degradation</li><li>Trimming removes the most exposed and damaged portions, effectively <strong>rejuvenating column performance</strong>.</li></ul><h3><strong>How to Trim a GC Column</strong></h3><p>A capillary GC column consists of:</p><ul><li><strong>Polyimide outer coating</strong> (protective layer)</li><li><strong>Fused silica tubing</strong> (fragile but flexible core)</li></ul><h3><strong>Step-by-Step Procedure</strong></h3><h5><strong>1. Scoring the Column</strong></h5><ul><li>Use a <strong>ceramic wafer</strong></li><li>Hold it at an <strong>inclined angle</strong></li><li>Score the polyimide coating <strong>perpendicular to the column</strong></li></ul><h5><strong>2. Breaking the Column</strong></h5><ul><li>Perform a <strong>quick, decisive flick</strong></li><li>This ensures a <strong>clean, square cut</strong></li></ul><h5><strong>3. Inspecting the Cut</strong></h5><p>After trimming, visually inspect the column end.</p><h3><strong>Examples of Column Cuts</strong></h3><h4><strong>Good Cut</strong></h4><ul><li>Clean, <strong>square end</strong></li><li>Ensures proper sealing and connection</li></ul><h5><strong>Bad Cuts</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Slight Irregularity</strong><ul><li>Small imperfection at the edge</li><li>Can cause <strong>leaks</strong> and <strong>active sites</strong></li></ul></li><li><strong>Poor / Rough Cuts</strong><ul><li>Uneven or jagged edges</li><li>Lead to:<ul><li>Poor connections</li><li>Active sites</li><li>Peak tailing</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h2><strong>Conclusion</strong></h2><p>Trimming a GC column is a simple yet effective troubleshooting step. By removing contaminated or damaged sections—especially near the inlet—it can resolve a wide range of chromatographic issues, including baseline instability, ghost peaks, and loss of performance.</p><p>Proper cutting technique is essential to avoid introducing new problems such as leaks or active sites.</p>

Trimming a GC Column: Purpose, Symptoms, and Proper Technique

<h3><strong>We're excited to announce that </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999"><strong>Clarity Chromatography Software</strong></a><strong> version 10.1.2 is now available!</strong></h3><p><strong>This minor update expands Clarity’s portfolio with new control modules.</strong></p><h4><strong>Newly added Instrument control modules</strong></h4><ul><li>Ecom auxiliary modules</li><li>HTA ICF control modules</li><li>Spark pump</li></ul><h4><strong>Updated Instrument control modules</strong></h4><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/companies/168"><strong>Ecom</strong></a> HPLC</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/companies/328"><strong>Knauer</strong></a> HPLC</li><li>Spark ICF control modules</li><li>YoungIn Chromass HPLC</li></ul><blockquote><p>For a complete list of module changes, see the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/version_history?product=1"><strong>Changelog</strong></a>. For more info about exciting new features directly in Clarity, explore what was introduced in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/article/5622"><strong>Clarity 10.1 release highlights</strong></a>.</p><p>Clarity can control <strong>1000+ instruments</strong>; the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/controls"><strong>list can be previewed here</strong></a>.</p></blockquote><h4><strong>Supported Instruments in Clarity (DataApex) — Quick Guide</strong></h4><p>Clarity Chromatography Software supports a wide range of chromatographs and peripherals via <strong>digital control (DD)</strong> and <strong>analog acquisition (A/D)</strong> using the <strong>Colibrick</strong> module.</p><h5><strong>Gas Chromatographs (GC)</strong></h5><p>Digital integration over LAN/RS232 (many via ICF):</p><ul><li><strong>Agilent</strong>: 5890, 6890, 7890, 8860, 8890, <strong>Intuvo 9000</strong></li><li><strong>Shimadzu</strong>: GC-2010/2014, <strong>Nexis GC-2030</strong></li><li><strong>Thermo Fisher</strong>: TRACE 1300/1310</li><li><strong>PerkinElmer</strong>: Clarus 400–690</li><li>Also supported: <strong>Dani</strong>, <strong>Ellutia</strong>, <strong>Young In Chromass</strong>, <strong>Apix</strong>, <strong>Fuli</strong>, <strong>GOW-MAC</strong> (selected models)</li></ul><blockquote><p>Note: Most Agilent 6890–8890 and Intuvo use <strong>LAN – ICF</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>HPLC Systems</strong></h5><p>Full system/module control:</p><ul><li><strong>Agilent</strong> 1100–<strong>1290 Infinity II</strong> (ICF)</li><li><strong>Shimadzu</strong> LC-10/20 and <strong>Nexera LC-40</strong></li><li><strong>PerkinElmer</strong> Flexar / NexSAR</li><li><strong>Knauer</strong> Azura / BlueShadow / Smartline</li><li><strong>Hitachi</strong> Chromaster / Primaide</li><li><strong>Young In Chromass</strong> ChroZen series</li><li><strong>Sykam</strong> S500–S600, <strong>Watrex</strong> Streamline, <strong>Hanon</strong> LC7000–7300</li></ul><h5><strong>HPLC Modules (Pumps, Detectors, Ovens, Fraction Collectors)</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Pumps</strong>: Agilent 1100–1290 families, Knauer, Shimadzu, PerkinElmer, Sykam, SSI, Ecom</li><li><strong>Detectors</strong>: VWD/DAD(PDA)/RID/FLD/ELSD across Agilent, Shimadzu, Knauer, PerkinElmer, Young In Chromass, Ecom, etc.</li><li><strong>Column Ovens</strong>: Agilent G1316x / G7116x, Shimadzu CTO-20/30/40, Knauer CT2.1, PerkinElmer Flexar</li><li><strong>Fraction Collectors</strong>: Knauer FC 6.1, Teledyne FOXY series, Ecom ECF 2096, Waters Fraction Collector II</li></ul><h5><strong>Autosamplers</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Agilent</strong> GC ALS (7673/7683/7693/8697), HPLC ALS modules (G1313A–G7167C)</li><li><strong>Shimadzu</strong> AOC-20 / AOC-5000+, SIL-10 / SIL-20 / <strong>SIL-40</strong> series</li><li><strong>CTC Analytics PAL</strong>, <strong>HTA</strong> autosamplers, <strong>Spark</strong> Alias/UHPLC, <strong>Knauer</strong> AS 6.1L</li><li><strong>PerkinElmer</strong> Flexar / NexSAR AS</li></ul><h5><strong>Other Devices</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>GC×GC modulators</strong> (e.g., Charles University GC×GC Modulator)</li><li><strong>Valves &amp; switch modules</strong> (Agilent, Knauer, Shimadzu, VICI-Valco)</li><li><strong>Degassers, flow monitors, managers, interfaces</strong></li><li><strong>LC-MS / GC-MS</strong>: Advion Expression CMS, Microsaic 4500 MiD, Markes BenchTOF (and others)</li><li><strong>Balances (EA extension)</strong>: Mettler Toledo, Sartorius</li></ul><h5><strong>Analog Acquisition (Colibrick)</strong></h5><p>A/D support for legacy or analog-output devices:</p><ul><li><strong>GC</strong>: Agilent 5880/4890A, Varian 3xxx/3800/3900, PerkinElmer Clarus series, Thermo TRACE, Shimadzu GC-14/9A, Scion 43x/45x/83xx/85xx, etc.</li><li><strong>HPLC Detectors</strong>: Waters 2487/2489, ESA Corona, Hitachi L-series, JASCO FP/UV, Ecom LCD series, many others</li><li><strong>Elemental &amp; Amino Acid Analyzers</strong>: Carlo Erba/Costech ECS, Biochrom 20/30+</li></ul><p>If you are interested in a <strong>DEMO VERSION</strong>, contact us!</p>

DataApex Clarity Chromatography software 10.1.2 just released!

<p><strong>🎤Jessica Whitehouse</strong></p><p><strong>Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are disinfection byproducts formed when chlorine or bromine reacts with organic matter in water—and some are linked to serious health concerns. In this episode of Concentrating on Chromatography, we sit down with Jessica Whitehouse, MSc student at the University of Calgary, to discuss how she developed a GC-MS method to detect and quantify HAAs in real-world water samples.</strong></p><p>During her undergraduate research at Thompson Rivers University, Jessica tackled a major challenge faced by many academic labs: how to analyze regulated environmental contaminants without access to GC-ECD instrumentation. &nbsp;Using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, derivatization, and GC-MS, she built a faster, more accessible workflow—and applied it to tap water, swimming pools, and hot tubs.</p><h4><strong>In this conversation, we cover:</strong></h4><ul><li>What haloacetic acids are and why they matter</li><li>Why standard EPA methods can be difficult for smaller or teaching-focused labs</li><li>How GC-MS can be adapted for HAA analysis</li><li>The challenges of derivatization and temperature program optimization</li><li>Unexpected findings in brominated vs. chlorinated HAAs</li><li>Why pool and hot tub water can show surprisingly high HAA levels</li><li>The excitement (and frustration) of first-time method development</li><li>Advice for undergraduate and early-career analytical chemists</li></ul><p>Jessica also shares how this project led directly to her current MSc research on ozone and nanobubble water disinfection, where she’s now expanding into ion chromatography.</p><p>Whether you work in environmental analysis, chromatography, GC-MS, or are just starting your journey in analytical chemistry, this episode offers practical insight into real lab constraints, method development, and the joy of finding your first analyte peak.</p><h3><strong>Video Transcription</strong></h3><h4><span><strong>Introduction</strong></span></h4><p>Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are an important class of disinfectant byproducts formed when organic matter present in water reacts with chemical sanitizers. Because several HAAs are associated with adverse health effects, their determination remains relevant in environmental and public health analysis. This interview highlights the academic pathway and research experience of Jessica, whose undergraduate work focused on the development of a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the analysis of HAAs in pool and hot tub water.</p><p>Her project emerged from a combination of academic interest in analytical chemistry, practical experience with water testing, and the constraints of instrument availability in an undergraduate research setting. The resulting workflow illustrates how method adaptation, critical problem-solving, and persistence can enable meaningful analytical research even when standardized methods are not directly accessible.</p><h4><span><strong>Academic Background and Entry into Analytical Chemistry</strong></span></h4><p>Jessica completed a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry with a minor in Physics at Thompson Rivers University in British Columbia. Her interest in analytical chemistry developed during her second year of study, when coursework revealed the quantitative and detail-oriented nature of the discipline. This emphasis on numerical interpretation, precision, and method development aligned strongly with her academic strengths and motivated her to pursue analytical research.</p><p>Her specific interest in water chemistry originated even earlier through practical work in a pool and hot tub store, where she became familiar with routine water testing and the chemical factors influencing water quality. This early exposure led naturally into undergraduate research under the supervision of Dr. Sharon Brewer, whose expertise in water analysis provided an ideal foundation for the project.</p><h4><span><strong>Haloacetic Acids as Disinfectant Byproducts</strong></span></h4><p>Haloacetic acids are a subset of disinfectant byproducts generated when sanitizing agents react with natural organic matter in water. In treated recreational water systems such as pools and hot tubs, disinfectants are essential for microbial control, yet they can also lead to formation of unwanted chemical byproducts. Because some HAAs are considered potentially harmful, their occurrence and concentration warrant analytical attention.</p><p>In this study, both chlorinated and brominated HAAs were of interest. Although the tested water systems were primarily sanitized using chlorine-based products, the occurrence of brominated HAAs emerged as a notable and somewhat unexpected finding.</p><h4><span><strong>Analytical Challenges and Method Selection</strong></span></h4><p>A major challenge in the project was the lack of access to the instrumentation required for the standard EPA-based method initially considered for HAA analysis. The available protocol depended on GC-ECD instrumentation, which was not accessible at the university. This limitation required the development of an alternative strategy based on the instruments available locally.</p><p>GC-MS was selected as the most practical analytical platform. To support this approach, Jessica identified a literature source describing a similar method that could be adapted to her research aims. In parallel, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was introduced into the workflow as a means of sample preparation, providing valuable methodological experience beyond the standard undergraduate laboratory curriculum.</p><p>This adaptation illustrates a common reality in academic research: analytical methodology is often shaped not only by ideal regulatory procedures, but also by local instrument access, scheduling limitations, and the practical needs of the researcher.</p><h4><span><strong>Need for Derivatization in GC-MS Analysis</strong></span></h4><p>A central analytical issue was that HAAs are inherently nonvolatile, which makes them poorly suited to direct GC analysis. To enable gas chromatographic separation, derivatization was required to convert the analytes into more volatile derivatives with more favorable boiling characteristics.</p><p>In this method, derivatization with octanol was employed. This modification improved volatility and also generated larger fragments, which aided mass spectral interpretation by making the analyte fragmentation patterns easier to distinguish. Thus, derivatization served both chromatographic and mass spectrometric purposes.</p><h4><span><strong>Optimization of the GC Temperature Program</strong></span></h4><p>Considerable effort was devoted to optimization of the GC temperature program. The main difficulty did not arise solely from the analytes themselves, but from the derivatization reagent. Octanol produced a broad and persistent chromatographic feature, including a significant shoulder extending into later retention times. This complicated separation and increased pressure to keep the method sufficiently short for routine sample throughput.</p><p>Among the analytes, monochloroacetic acid proved especially problematic. Because it differed only subtly in structure and produced overlapping behavior relative to the octanol-derived background, its signal was difficult to isolate confidently. Although chlorine-containing fragments could be observed, precise assignment remained challenging. This difficulty underscores how small structural differences and matrix-related interferences can complicate quantitative GC-MS workflows.</p><h4><span><strong>Method Performance and Practical Advantages</strong></span></h4><p>Although the adapted GC-MS method was developed out of necessity, it also provided practical advantages over the more standardized workflow that had initially been considered. In particular, the derivatization step in the adapted approach required only approximately 10 minutes, whereas the more conventional procedure involved a water bath step lasting around two hours. In addition, the adapted workflow offered shorter overall preparation and analysis timing, allowing batches of samples to be prepared and placed on the autosampler within a normal working schedule.</p><p>From a practical research perspective, this translated into substantially improved laboratory efficiency. The ability to complete derivatization quickly and begin automated sample analysis without extensive delays made the workflow more manageable and better suited to the demands of an undergraduate project.</p><h4><span><strong>Unexpected Findings: Brominated HAAs in Chlorine-Sanitized Systems</strong></span></h4><p>One of the more surprising outcomes of the study was the predominance of brominated HAAs, despite the fact that the investigated pools and hot tubs were sanitized using chlorine-based treatments. Four of the systems relied on sodium chloride electrolysis to generate chlorine species, while others used chlorine-containing puck formulations commonly applied in recreational water treatment.</p><p>Given these conditions, higher levels of chlorinated HAAs might have been expected. Instead, the results suggested a greater abundance of brominated HAAs. A plausible explanation is the presence of bromine-containing impurities in commercial pool and hot tub chemicals. Although such impurities may occur at relatively low levels, they can still influence disinfectant byproduct formation. The observation highlights the importance of considering the full chemical composition of treatment products, not merely their primary declared active ingredients.</p><h4><span><strong>Value of Practical Industry Experience</strong></span></h4><p>Jessica’s prior work in the pool and hot tub industry provided an unusually strong contextual advantage for the project. Because the samples originated from store clients, she had access to detailed information about the chemicals used in each system, including safety data sheets and knowledge of treatment timing. This background significantly strengthened interpretation of the analytical results by linking measured byproducts to known product usage patterns.</p><p>Such integration of practical field knowledge with laboratory analysis represents an important strength in applied environmental chemistry, particularly when studying real-world water systems rather than idealized laboratory samples.</p><h4><span><strong>Scientific Development and Early Research Motivation</strong></span></h4><p>An especially valuable element of the project was the role it played in building research confidence. Jessica described the first successful identification of an analyte peak as a memorable turning point, reflecting the emotional significance of early experimental success in scientific training. In analytical chemistry, where method optimization often involves repeated setbacks and ambiguous data, such moments can be critical in sustaining motivation and reinforcing scientific identity.</p><p>This experience also informed her advice to early-stage researchers: unfavorable or unexpected outcomes still constitute valid results. Negative or imperfect findings remain analytically meaningful and contribute to scientific understanding, provided they are interpreted carefully.</p><h4><span><strong>Connection to Current Research</strong></span></h4><p>Jessica is now working at the University of Calgary on a different project focused on ozone and nanobubble disinfection. Although the analytical platform and immediate research questions have changed, the conceptual connection to her earlier work remains clear. Her experience with disinfectant byproducts and water chemistry directly supported her transition into this new role and helped position her as a strong candidate for research in water treatment-related systems.</p><p>She also expressed interest in expanding her analytical expertise through ion chromatography, which will play a role in her current work. This transition reflects the broader development of an environmental analytical chemist whose work continues to center on water quality, disinfection chemistry, and the analytical tools needed to investigate both.</p><h4><span><strong>Public Health Relevance</strong></span></h4><p>A notable practical implication of the project concerns recreational water safety. Jessica emphasized that pool and hot tub water should not be ingested, a recommendation already widely understood in general terms but further reinforced by her findings. In at least one case, HAA concentrations were reported at levels far above the federal drinking water regulation threshold. While such regulations are designed for potable water rather than recreational water, the comparison nevertheless illustrates the extent to which disinfectant byproducts may accumulate in these environments.</p><p>She also noted that several HAAs are classified as probable human carcinogens, with prolonged exposure linked to serious health concerns. Although occasional accidental ingestion is not equivalent to chronic exposure, the findings reinforce the importance of appropriate hygiene, safe water maintenance practices, and awareness of chemical byproduct formation in recreational systems.</p><h4><span><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h4><p>This research demonstrates how meaningful analytical chemistry can emerge from a combination of scientific curiosity, practical constraints, and strong mentorship. By adapting a GC-MS workflow for the determination of haloacetic acids in pool and hot tub water, Jessica developed a method that was both workable within local instrument limitations and efficient enough to offer practical benefits over more conventional procedures.</p><p>Beyond the analytical results themselves, the project highlights several broader themes: the value of undergraduate research, the importance of flexibility in method development, the benefit of practical contextual knowledge, and the relevance of environmental analytical chemistry to real-world public health questions. It also shows how early research experiences can shape a long-term scientific trajectory, leading from undergraduate investigation to continued work in water chemistry and disinfection science.</p><blockquote><p><strong>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</strong></p></blockquote><blockquote><h4><strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</strong></h4><p>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!</p><p>You can find <strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast </strong>in podcast apps:</p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL"><strong>Spotify</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185"><strong>Apple podcast</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography"><strong>podscan</strong></a></li></ul><p>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos"><strong>YouTube channel</strong></a></p></blockquote>

Detecting Haloacetic Acids in Water with GC-MS

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Since 1991 DataApex develops and manufactures chromatography data stations. DataApex is constantly striving to provide users with efficient and up-to-date tools for chromatography data processing.

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Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

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Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

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Bruker

<div><div><div><div><p><strong>The basic principles of FTIR-based gas analysis are covered in this webinar. We will show how easy it is to define quantification methods to determine gas concentrations even in complex gas mixtures. Quantification of gas mixtures is performed without requiring calibration measurements.</strong>&nbsp;</p><p>In addition, simulated IR spectra made with the consideration of actual measurement parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, spectral resolution, etc.) can be modeled with the new simulation function in the OPUS GA software.</p><h5><strong>Key Learning Points:</strong></h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>Introduce yourself to real-time, automatic, FTIR-based Gas Analysis</li><li>Learn how Bruker allows for the calibration-free analysis of over 350 compounds with no standard gases required!</li><li>For the first time, learn about Bruker's new Simulation Tool which equips the user with the ability to optimize quantification themselves of even complex gas mixtures</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: &nbsp;</strong>Dr. Benjamin Frank (Technical Sales Specialist - Raman and Gas Analytics)</p><p>CML Systems Sales &amp; Customer Service, Bruker Optics)</p></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Bruker: Quantitative FTIR-Gas Analysis: As Easy As Can Be

Quantitative FTIR-Gas Analysis: As Easy As Can Be

The basic principles of FTIR-based gas analysis are covered in this webinar.

<div><div><div><div><p><strong>Bruker's&nbsp; powerful VERTEX research FT-IR spectrometers can access the THz spectral range below 50 cm<sup>-1</sup>. To extend the spectral limit down to the single digital wavenumber range, and to reach highest sensitivity or resolution in the FIR/THz region liquid Helium cooled bolometers are often required as detector. Liquid He is very costly, in some regions even not available at all. Therefore, it is increasingly considered as bottle neck by many researchers.</strong></p><p>These limitations can be overcome by verTera Terahertz extension for the VERTEX 80v vacuum spectrometer. THz technology is complementary: it cannot access the important classical infrared range but allows for THz spectroscopy with room temperature components. VerTera combines the benefits of both technologies, providing a unique and complete analysis of your samples.</p><h5><strong>In this Webinar You Will Learn:</strong></h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>the difficulties and possibilities of FT-IR spectroscopy in far IR/THz region</li><li>vacuum benefits for FT-IR spectroscopy and THz experiments</li><li>basic principle of verTera continuous wave THz technology</li><li>example application using verTera combined with FT-IR</li></ul><h5><strong>Who Should Attend:</strong></h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>Professors and post docs</li><li>Research fellows</li><li>Lab professionals</li><li>Graduated Students</li><li>PhDs</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Dr. Christian Scheibe (Application Specialist, Bruker Optics, Germany)</p></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Bruker: The marriage of FT-IR and cw THz technology: 1+1 is greater than 2!

The marriage of FT-IR and cw THz technology: 1+1 is greater than 2!

Learn about FT-IR challenges in the far IR/THz region, vacuum advantages, the basics of verTera THz technology, and its application combined with FT-IR.

The marriage of FT-IR and cw THz technology

<div><div><div><div><p><strong>Catalysis is everywhere in chemical industry. Estimated 90% of all commercially produced chemical products involve solid catalysts at some stage in the process.&nbsp;</strong></p><p>To understand the catalysis process step by step, e.g. adsorption of reactants, surface reaction, formation of surface anchored intermediates and desorption of products, (time resolved) FT-IR reaction monitoring is one of most popular tools.</p><h5><strong>In this Webinar we Will Cover the Following Topics:</strong></h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>current research interest in (heterogeneous) catalysis</li><li>critical cornerstones for instrumental setups</li><li>available accessories for in-situ reaction monitoring</li><li>application examples from various research fields</li></ul><h5><strong>Who Should Attend:</strong></h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>Professors and post docs</li><li>Research fellows</li><li>Lab professionals</li><li>Graduated Students</li><li>PhDs</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Dr. Xia Stammer (Application Scientist FT-IR, Bruker Optics)</p></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Bruker: FT-IR Spectroscopy for Catalysis Research

FT-IR Spectroscopy for Catalysis Research

Explore current catalysis research, key instrumental setup points, in-situ monitoring tools, and real-world application examples from various research fields.

<div><div><div><div><p><strong>Atmospheric disturbance is a major problem in Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The different vibrational modes of water vapour and carbon dioxide in a laboratory atmosphere have their absorption bands in the whole mid infrared and far infrared (FIR) spectral range. This reduces instrument sensitivity and stability and can even mask relevant spectral features of the sample. Common approaches to reducing these effects are drying, purging or retroactive compensation by data manipulation. To solve the problem at the root, is to not only keep water and CO<sub>2</sub> content constant, but to eliminate it by evacuation of the whole beam path.</strong><br><br>In this webinar, Dr. Xia Stammer, FT-IR application scientist at Bruker Optics, will describe how a vacuum not only terminates the water lines, but essentially increases stability, sensitivity, reproducibility, and thus the overall performance of the spectrometer. This is of great importance for many high-end research applications such as FIR/THz spectroscopy, catalysis, surface analysis, emission, low-temperature spectroscopy, material research, solid state physics, and optronics.</p><h5><strong>Key Learning Objectives</strong></h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>Find out how your research will benefit from FT-IR vacuum spectrometers</li><li>Learn about many practical examples from various demanding research fields</li><li>Understand the basic working principle of the Step Scan technique</li></ul><h5><strong>Who Should Attend</strong></h5></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>Ph.D. students, post-docs, and professors</li><li>University staff and students</li><li>Research institution staff and project leaders</li><li>Physicists and materials scientists</li><li>Catalysis researchers</li><li>Professionals in semiconductor R&amp;D</li><li>Enthusiastic FT-IR spectroscopists</li></ul><h5><strong>Certificate of Attendance</strong></h5></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p>All webinar participants can request a certificate of attendance, including a learning outcomes summary, for continuing education purposes.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Dr. Xia Stammer (Application Scientist FT-IR, Bruker Optics)</p></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Bruker: Vacuum Benefits for High-End Research Using FT-IR Technique

Vacuum Benefits for High-End Research Using FT-IR Technique

Dr. Xia Stammer explains how vacuum improves spectrometer performance by increasing stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility while eliminating water cooling.

Vacuum Benefits for High-End Research Using FT-IR

<div><div><div><div><p><strong>Our part two of the "FT-IR Spectroscopy in Academia" series is all about physics. Xia Stammer starts by introducing the technical principles of FT-IR spectroscopy. She explains how an interferometer works and how we can use its capabilities to answer typical, unusual and of course difficult questions in physics. Our presenter will then give an overview of the applications of FT-IR spectroscopy in physics.</strong></p><h5><strong>Goal of the webinar:</strong></h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>Provide a fundamental introduction to the applications in which FT-IR is used in current physics research and to provide the audience with a basic technical understanding of infrared spectroscopy.</li></ul><h5><strong>Who Should Attend?</strong></h5></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>PhD students</li><li>University staff and junior professors</li><li>Optics and spectroscopy enthusiasts</li><li>Research and development professionals</li></ul><h5><strong>Topics Discussed:</strong></h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>Technical principles of FT-IR spectroscopy</li><li>Basics of time-resolved spectroscopic techniques</li><li>Meta material characterization</li><li>Emission spectroscopy (VCSEL, thermal)</li><li>Semiconductors and silicon</li><li>Superconductors</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Dr. Xia Stammer&nbsp;</p><p>Dr. Xia Stammer studied physical chemisty at Ruhr-Uni Bochum and KIT with a focus on surface functionalization and characterization.</p><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Dr. Simon Hugo Schlindwein</p><p>Dr. Simon Hugo Schlindwein studied chemistry at the University of Stuttgart with a focus on organic phosphorus and sulfur chemistry.</p></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Bruker: FT-IR in Academia: Physics Applications

 FT-IR in Academia: Physics Applications 

This webinar provides a fundamental introduction to FTIR applications in current physics research and offers a basic technical overview of infrared spectroscopy

 FT-IR in Academia: Physics Applications

<div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p><strong>This 35-minute webinar gives a general outline of the applicability of infrared spectroscopy in the field of chemistry. The speakers briefly explain the basics of FT-IR spectroscopy and the according techniques to obtain molecular information. The goal is to give the audience a clear overview of the possible applications of FT-IR spectroscopy in chemistry. There will be a moderated live Q&amp;A session afterwards.</strong></p><h5><strong>Who Should Attend?</strong></h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>PhD students</li><li>University staff</li><li>Laboratory managers</li><li>Junior professors</li></ul><h5><strong>Topics Discussed:</strong></h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>FT-IR fundamentals and measurement techniques</li><li>reaction tracings</li><li>Investigation of catalytic processes</li><li>Crystallinity and polymorphism</li><li>Spectroscopy in the glovebox</li><li>FT-IR microscopy&nbsp;</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Dr. Xia Stammer&nbsp;</p><p>Dr. Xia Stammer studied physical chemisty at Ruhr-Uni Bochum and KIT with a focus on surface functionalization and characterization.</p><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Dr. Simon Hugo Schlindwein</p><p>Dr. Simon Hugo Schlindwein studied chemistry at the University of Stuttgart with a focus on organic phosphorus and sulfur chemistry.</p></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Bruker: FT-IR in Academia: Chemistry Applications

FT-IR in Academia: Chemistry Applications

This 35-minute webinar gives a general outline of the applicability of infrared spectroscopy in the field of chemistry.

<div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p><strong>Our third and last part of the series "FT-IR Spectroscopy in Academia" is all about bio sciences. Martin Luft and Michel Stromereder begin their presentation with a brief look at the literature and continue by highlighting recent advances in protein research. More fundamental applications are also presented, with regular dips into adjacent topics to demonstrate the true value of FT-IR in the bio science.</strong></p><h5><strong>Goal of the Webinar:</strong></h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p>Demonstrate the unique abilities and high relevance of FT-IR spectroscopy in bio science and provide the audience with a basic technical understanding of how proteins and other complex biological samples are analyzed.</p><h5><strong>Who Should Attend:</strong></h5></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>PhD students, post-docs, professors</li><li>University staff and students</li><li>Biotech researchers</li><li>Biotech industry professionals</li><li>Bio science enthusiasts</li></ul><h5><strong>Topics Discussed:</strong></h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>Proteins in biology, pharma, and food science</li><li>API and formulation development in pharma</li><li>Biochemicals and biopolymers in material science</li><li>Biofluids and tissue imaging in medical science</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Martin Luft (Application Specialist)</p><div><p>Martin Luft has been an application specialist in the field of FT-IR spectroscopy and its application in life science for more than 20 years.</p></div><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Michel Stromereder (Product Manager)</p><p>Michel Stromereder joined Bruker as a product manager and is responsible for the life science solution portfolio of the INVENIO product line.</p></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Bruker: FT-IR in Academia: Bio Science Applications

FT-IR in Academia: Bio Science Applications

Learn about the unique role of FT-IR in biosciences and gain a basic understanding of how proteins and complex biological samples are analyzed.

<p><strong>INVENIO is Bruker’s next generation and fully upgradeable FT-IR platform from sophisticated routine to advanced research applications.</strong>&nbsp;</p><p>The new INVENIO X with patented INTEGRAL<sup>TM</sup>&nbsp;interferometer represents the multispectral range R&amp;D spectrometer with the world’s highest degree of automation. Combining the pioneering 5x MultiTect technology and the INTEGRAL<sup>TM</sup>&nbsp;interferometer with integrated automatic 3x beam splitter changer provides unmatched flexibility and performance for advanced R&amp;D applications.</p><p>A long list of further smart features, such as the additional Transit<sup>TM</sup>&nbsp;sample compartment, the flexible high performance optics path with up to 7 internal detectors, electronically coded windows, optional embedded touch panel with dedicated software and many more.&nbsp;</p><p>With this webinar we will provide you an overview of the INVENIO R&amp;D capabilities including many interesting application examples.</p>

Bruker: Fully automated multispectral range FT-IR R&D spectrometer

Fully automated multispectral range FT-IR R&D spectrometer

With this webinar we will provide you an overview of the INVENIO R&D capabilities including many interesting application examples.

<p><strong>To thoroughly examine polymer and plastic products for their quality, or to investigate the cause of failure in the event of damage, it is necessary to combine various analytical techniques.</strong><br><br>Using three examples from his daily work at the Luedenscheid Institute of Plastics, Martin Doedt will highlight typical problems in the processing, use and production of plastic products and how macroscopic and microscopic FTIR spectroscopy can help solve them.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: &nbsp;</strong>Martin Doedt</p><p>Martin Doedt is divisional director for analysis technology at the Luedenscheid Institute of Plastics (Kunststoff Institut Lüdenscheid) and will talk in detail about the methodical approach to failure analysis, starting with the description of the material defect up to the recommendation to the customer to avoid disturbances in production and processing in the future.</p></blockquote>

Bruker: Failure and Damage Analysis in Polymer Industries

Failure and Damage Analysis in Polymer Industries

Martin Doedt shares examples of plastic issues in processing and production, showing how macro and micro FT-IR spectroscopy help solve common problems.

<div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p><strong>A number of reactions will be discussed, including the challenges faced in the trifluoromethylation reaction, which is sensitive and extremely fast, making it difficult to reliably control the reaction and measure the kinetics. Professor Lloyd-Jones will explain how SF-FT-IR and SF-NMR can be used to address this and enable rapid, reproducible monitoring, along with accurate temperature control.</strong></p><p>Professor Lloyd-Jones will also introduce InsightXpress, which he has developed in collaboration with TgK Scientific and Bruker and has been critical to understand the mechanisms of the Suzuki-Miyaura protodeboronation side reaction. The InsightXpress SF unit enables fast reactions to be monitored and reaction conditions to be automatically screened by NMR at unprecedented speeds. With the InsightXpress, not only is accurate temperature control possible, but large reagent volumes are not needed and mixing is so efficient that analysis can begin very shortly after the start of the reaction. Importantly, unlike classic SF systems, the concentration of the reagents can be varied rather than it being fixed in the initial set-up, which vastly broadens scope in terms of mapping out the kinetics and screening reaction conditions in process chemistry.</p><p>Professor Lloyd-Jones and team have also developed an SF-FT-IR system in collaboration with Bruker and TgK Scientific that will be introduced during the seminar. This device offers the same capabilities as the InsightXpress, but is interfaced with a VERTEX 80 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer instead of an NMR spectrometer.</p><p>The protodeboronation reaction will also be covered. This reaction, which is usually undesirable, reduces yields in Suzuki-Miyaura couplings. SF-NMR and SF-FT-IR have enabled mechanistic understanding of protodeboronation by allowing the concentration of reactants to be measured as a function of time when reactions are extremely fast and highly sensitive to pH. Using these techniques, it has been possible to accurately and rapidly initiate these reactions and maintain good control of pH so that they can be accurately monitored. Some of the reagents monitored by SF-IR have half-lives of milliseconds. These are reactions that would otherwise be over almost as soon as the reactants have been mixed.</p><h5><strong>Key Topics</strong></h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>Understanding the basic principles of SF and how it can be improved to make a variable ratio SF system</li><li>How those SF systems have been interfaced with FT-IR and NMR spectrometers and the technical challenges and benefits</li><li>Example applications of how SF-IR and SF-NMR can be used</li></ul><h5><strong>Who Should Attend?</strong></h5></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p>As well as welcoming the spectroscopy community in general, this webinar is aimed at any synthetic or process chemist in pharma, other industries and in academia who are interested in reaction understanding and optimization.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Guy Lloyd-Jones (Forbes Professor of Organic Chemistry School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Scotland)</p><p>Guy Lloyd-Jones studied Chemical Technology (BSc. 1989) at Huddersfield, and spent a year placement at ICI Pharmaceuticals (now AstraZeneca) in 1987. He obtained his doctorate in organic chemistry (D. Phil. 1992) at Oxford University under John Brown FRS, and conducted postdoctoral research (1993-1995) in asymmetric catalysis at Basel University, with Andreas Pfaltz. In 1996 he returned to the UK, to a lectureship at the University of Bristol and began to build a research group specialising in organic / organometallic stereochemistry, in particular applying NMR and isotopic labelling. He was promoted to Full Professor in 2003, held a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award 2008- 2013, and was Head of Organic and Biological Chemistry at Bristol 2012-2013. In 2013 he moved from Bristol to The Forbes Chair of Organic Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh. In the same year was elected a fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) and and ERC Advanced Investigator. At Edinburgh he and his group continue to build their expertise in the study of reaction mechanism and reactivity relationships in the context of synthetic methodology and catalysis. Intrinsic to this is application and development of physical-organic chemistry methodologies, and associated instrumentation for its analysis.</p></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Bruker: Improving Mechanistic Understanding of Fast Reactions Using Rapid, Reproducible in Situ Analysis by Stop-flow NMR and IR

Improving Mechanistic Understanding of Fast Reactions Using Rapid, Reproducible in Situ Analysis by Stop-flow NMR and IR

Prof. Lloyd-Jones shows how SF-FT-IR and SF-NMR allow fast, reproducible monitoring of sensitive reactions like trifluoromethylation with temp control.

Fully automated multispectral range FT-IR R&D spectrometer

Failure and Damage Analysis in Polymer Industries

Improving Mechanistic Understanding of Fast Reactions Using Rapid, Reproducible in Situ Analysis by Stop-flow NMR and IR

Quantitative FTIR-Gas Analysis: As Easy As Can Be

The marriage of FT-IR and cw THz technology: 1+1 is greater than 2!

FT-IR Spectroscopy for Catalysis Research

Vacuum Benefits for High-End Research Using FT-IR Technique

FT-IR in Academia: Physics Applications

FT-IR in Academia: Chemistry Applications

FT-IR in Academia: Bio Science Applications

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