🎤Dr. Steven Weinman (Associate Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering at the University of Alabama)Steven shares his journey from chemical engineering student to membrane researcher, and explains how membranes are used not only for water purification, but also for sample preparation, pre-treatment, and concentration in analytical workflows. The conversation dives deep into PFAS removal, nanofiltration vs. reverse osmosis, and how chromatography and mass spectrometry are essential for validating membrane performance.<h4>Key topics discussed include:</h4><ul><li>How membranes function as separation and concentration tools</li><li>Nanofiltration vs. reverse osmosis for salts and PFAS</li><li>The role of chromatography (LC-MS, GC-MS, ion chromatography) in verifying contaminant removal</li><li>Challenges in scaling academic separation technologies to industry</li><li>Sustainability in membrane manufacturing and PFAS-related regulations</li><li>Training students to balance fundamental science with real-world applications</li></ul>Whether you work in environmental analysis, chromatography, mass spectrometry, water quality, or separation science, this episode provides valuable insight into how different separation technologies complement each other—and where the field is heading next.<h3>Video Transcription</h3><h4>Introduction</h4>Membrane-based separations have become a central part of modern water treatment and resource recovery, offering energy-efficient routes for purification, concentration, and selective contaminant removal. In this discussion, Stephen reflects on his path into chemical engineering and membrane science, then explores how membrane technologies fit within broader separation science, how selectivity is designed into membrane systems, and why translation from academic research to industrial deployment remains challenging.His perspective spans both fundamental membrane science and practical engineering, with particular emphasis on water treatment, contaminant removal, sustainable membrane manufacturing, and the realities of research funding and scale-up.<h4>From Chemical Engineering to Membrane Research</h4>Stephen’s route into membrane science began indirectly. Although his early interests were far removed from chemical engineering, he found himself drawn to chemistry and mathematics during high school, which led him to pursue chemical engineering at the University of Kentucky. His first direct exposure to research came through a cooperative placement with a university-affiliated research institute, where he worked on ceramic membrane systems for coal-fired power plant applications.That experience introduced him to bench-scale research, scientific literature, and technical presentation, while also clarifying that research was more appealing to him than traditional industrial internships. He subsequently joined the laboratory of a membrane scientist at the University of Kentucky, where he began working on polymeric membranes for water treatment. This set the direction for graduate study, ultimately leading him to Clemson University, where he pursued PhD research on antifouling membranes using surface chemistry and patterning approaches.Although his original career plan had been to join a membrane company after graduate school, that trajectory changed late in his doctoral training. Encouragement from colleagues and family led him to consider academia, where he could define his own research questions and continue mentoring students. He joined the University of Alabama immediately after graduation and has since built a research program focused on water treatment problems using membranes, solvents, and polymer-based sorbents.<h4>Membrane Separation in the Broader Context of Analytical and Separation Science</h4>Stephen frames membranes as one tool within a broader separation science landscape. Their role depends entirely on the feed composition, the desired product stream, and the ultimate process objective. In some cases, membranes are ideal for concentrating target species or dewatering mixtures. In others, they serve as pretreatment tools, removing particulates, unwanted macromolecules, or selected contaminants before downstream analytical or processing steps.This logic parallels broader analytical workflows, including chromatographic and spectrometric methods, where sample preparation and matrix simplification are often critical. Even very routine laboratory operations, such as syringe filtration, rely on membrane principles. In that sense, membranes are already embedded in many analytical workflows, even when they are not the primary focus.He also points out that certain membrane-based systems can begin to overlap conceptually with chromatographic approaches, particularly in applications such as protein and biologics purification, where membrane adsorbers and membrane chromatography can provide high-throughput alternatives to conventional packed columns.<h4>Membrane Selectivity: Matching the Separation to the Problem</h4>A recurring theme in the discussion is that membrane selection is application-specific. The right membrane depends on what must be retained, what must pass through, and whether the goal is purification, concentration, or fractionation.Stephen distinguishes between several broad classes of membranes. Microfiltration and ultrafiltration operate largely through size exclusion, although charge effects may still contribute. These are useful when target species differ sufficiently in size. At the more selective end, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis are used for salts, small molecules, and persistent contaminants. Nanofiltration is often well suited for rejecting divalent ions while allowing more monovalent ions to pass, whereas reverse osmosis is required when more complete salt rejection is necessary.For contaminants such as PFAS, nanofiltration can reject a substantial fraction of compounds, although shorter-chain and smaller species are more difficult. Reverse osmosis offers broader rejection, but also with higher pressure requirements. This highlights a central engineering tradeoff: tighter selectivity generally requires higher energy input.He emphasizes that membrane systems always produce at least two streams: a permeate stream and a retentate or concentrate stream. Designing the separation therefore requires consideration not only of product quality but also of what happens to the reject stream. In many cases this becomes a waste stream; in others, it may represent a concentrated resource that requires additional processing or recovery.<h4>Advances in Membrane Materials and System Performance</h4>Over the course of more than a decade in membrane science, Stephen has seen important improvements in commercial membrane technology, particularly in the area of lower-pressure reverse osmosis. Traditionally, reverse osmosis has required higher operating pressures than nanofiltration. Recent developments have reduced that burden, allowing similar water productivity at lower pressure or smaller membrane area for a given throughput.These advances matter because they reduce either energy demand or plant footprint, both of which are significant in industrial and municipal treatment systems. While pressure recovery devices have also improved overall system efficiency, he distinguishes those engineering gains from the membrane materials themselves.On the research side, he highlights the emergence of membrane adsorbers and related hybrid technologies that can support faster, higher-throughput separations than conventional column-based workflows. These have gained particular traction in the purification of proteins and biologics, although he suggests that similar concepts may become increasingly relevant in water treatment and selective ion or molecule recovery.<h4>Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry as Tools for Membrane Research</h4>Although many membrane processes target relatively simple separations such as desalination, more advanced membrane studies increasingly rely on analytical chemistry for validation and mechanistic insight. Stephen describes how chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods are essential when the separation targets are more complex than salts.His group uses ion chromatography for specific ionic analytes, as well as GC-MS and electrospray-based methods for organic compounds and degradation products. One recent example involved a biocatalytic membrane designed to degrade phthalates, where GC-MS was used to detect both the parent phthalate and the resulting breakdown products. In such cases, analytical methods are not merely confirmatory; they are central to demonstrating that the membrane or membrane-coupled system is functioning as intended.This reinforces the idea that membrane science and analytical chemistry are closely linked in emerging applications, especially where contaminant transformation, trace-level detection, or selective removal must be verified rigorously.<h4>The Difficulty of Scale-Up</h4>One of the most substantial barriers in membrane research is translation from academic bench-scale work to industrial or municipal scale. Stephen identifies two major constraints: time and cost.Academic demonstrations often rely on reaction steps, modification procedures, or fabrication methods that work well on the laboratory scale but are far too slow for industrial practice. A protocol that takes hours or days in a research setting is rarely attractive to a manufacturer seeking cycle times measured in seconds or minutes. Likewise, materials that seem acceptable at gram scale may be prohibitively expensive at production scale, although the reverse may also be true if bulk pricing is favorable.The more fundamental challenge is that academic research is not usually funded to perform pilot-scale development. The mission is often centered on fundamental science and student training, not industrial process engineering. Moving from proof-of-concept to deployable technology requires time, equipment, space, and funding that many university laboratories simply do not have.For this reason, Stephen sees academia’s main role as laying the conceptual and technical groundwork. If a technology shows promise, the ideal outcome is that an industrial partner, start-up, or other translational pathway takes it further. In some cases, research can be designed from the start with scalability in mind. He cites current work on reverse osmosis membrane additives as an example, where the goal is not to reinvent membrane fabrication but to introduce a change that could plausibly fit existing manufacturing workflows.<h4>Sustainability and Greener Membrane Science</h4>Membrane processes themselves are often relatively energy efficient compared with thermal separations, but Stephen notes that membrane manufacturing still has significant room for improvement. Conventional membrane fabrication often relies on hazardous, petroleum-derived solvents, and one area of active research is the substitution of greener or bio-based alternatives.Another direction is the use of waste plastics as feedstock for membrane fabrication. The rationale is pragmatic: if such plastics are already present in the environment, converting them into membranes may extend their useful lifetime and partially offset their environmental burden. More biodegradable or less petroleum-dependent polymers are also attractive, but they must still meet cost and performance requirements.He also discusses an important regulatory issue involving polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), one of the most widely used membrane polymers. Debate over whether it should be treated as a PFAS-related material could have major implications for membrane manufacturing and use. From his perspective, classifying PVDF in that way would create significant disruption, especially given its central role in current membrane systems.<h4>Funding, Student Training, and the Academic Mission</h4>The final part of the discussion turns to the academic research environment itself. Stephen emphasizes that the most important responsibility of his laboratory is not simply generating new membrane concepts, but training students and ensuring that they can complete their degrees in a supportive research environment.Funding uncertainty directly affects that mission. Reduced proposal success rates make it harder to maintain the number of graduate students needed for a healthy research group. This has implications beyond immediate staffing. Laboratories function best when experienced students train newer members, creating continuity in methods, culture, and technical knowledge. If groups shrink too far, that continuity is lost.He views graduate research as both education and work experience. Students are not only learning theory; they are learning how to think as researchers, solve open-ended problems, and contribute to technologies that may eventually benefit industry. From that perspective, sustaining student support is one of the most important parts of maintaining a strong academic research ecosystem.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Stephen presents membrane science as a field that sits at the intersection of chemical engineering, separation science, and analytical chemistry. Membranes are already deeply integrated into both industrial treatment and laboratory workflows, but their future depends on continued progress in selectivity, sustainability, and manufacturability.At the same time, the discussion makes clear that technical performance alone is not enough. For membrane technologies to move from the laboratory to practice, they must be scalable, economically realistic, and supported by strong analytical validation. Academic laboratories can provide the foundational science and early demonstrations, but broader adoption depends on partnerships, funding, and translational effort.Perhaps most importantly, the conversation highlights that advances in membrane science are inseparable from the students and researchers who carry them forward. In that sense, the future of separations depends not only on materials and methods, but also on sustaining the people who develop them.<blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote><blockquote><h4>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</h4>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!You can find Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast in podcast apps:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL">Spotify</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185">Apple podcast</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography">podscan</a></li></ul>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos">YouTube channel</a></blockquote>

Selective Separations: What Membrane Science Can Teach Chromatographers

<div><section><div><div><div><div><div><div>This study examines the impact of iron deficiency on body composition and metabolism in women with obesity. Iron-deficient individuals exhibited higher fat mass, elevated circulating fatty acids, and a reduced muscle-to-fat ratio prior to bariatric surgery.One year post-surgery, the iron-deficient group showed lower skeletal muscle mass and continued unfavorable body composition, alongside reduced amino acid levels. These findings suggest that iron deficiency exacerbates metabolic dysfunction and negatively affects obesity-related outcomes.</div></div></div></div><blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnutrsci.5c00006">Iron Deficiency Is Associated with Increased Circulating Fatty Acids and Unfavorable Body Composition in Women with Obesity</a></h4>Jessica Monteiro Volejnik Pino, Ana Paula de Oliveira Ferreira, Raquel da Silveira Campos, Marcos Mônico-Neto, Vitória Fernandes da Silva, Melissa Yumi Kato, Gabriel Trigo Pereira, Isabella Mendes Borghetti, Thais Regiani Cataldi, Thales Delmondes Galvão, Lia Rita Azeredo Bittencourt, Sergio Tufik, and Kil Sun Lee*ACS Nutr. Sci. 2026, 1, 1, 28–35<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnutrsci.5c00006">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnutrsci.5c00006</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.<div>Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies. Although children and women in reproductive phase are the most well-known demographic groups affected by iron deficiency, increased prevalence of iron deficiency in the population with obesity has also been reported. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1−3)</a> The cause of iron deficiency in obesity appears to involve both insufficient dietary iron intake and poor dietary quality and the secondary effects of hormonal and metabolic changes that occur in obesity. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4−6)</a>Iron plays essential roles in several vital functions, such as oxygen transport, cellular respiration, and energy production. Thus, inadequate intake of the micronutrient or problems in its homeostasis for a prolonged period can impair several physiological functions. In fact, changes in systemic iron homeostasis are known to affect the endocrine functions, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7)</a> including the secretion of adipokines. In humans, for instance, serum ferritin has been reported to be negatively correlated with serum adiponectin levels. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8−10)</a> Bioavailability of iron is also important for cardiac and renal function <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11)</a> and glycemic control, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12)</a> and iron deficiency is known to be related to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,13)</a> Moreover, hepatic iron plays a key role in the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. Elevated hepatic iron levels enhance the expression of several enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, such as HMG-CoA reductase, leading to increased hepatic cholesterol content. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a> A transcriptomic study further demonstrated a significant upregulation of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis in response to high iron intake, highlighting the importance of iron in this metabolic process. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15)</a>Considering the importance of iron in cardiac function and metabolic homeostasis, the most affected physiological functions in obesity, it is plausible to hypothesize that iron deficiency could worsen the clinical prognosis of obesity. Indeed, our previous study demonstrated that women with grade III obesity had lower iron levels compared to those with grade I or II obesity. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(16)</a>Despite the potential negative impact of iron deficiency on metabolism and its consequences for noncommunicable chronic diseases such as obesity, few studies have examined the metabolic profile of individuals with both iron deficiency and obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of iron deficiency on the profile of circulating metabolites in women with obesity. We also evaluated how an iron deficiency influences the response to bariatric surgery, a procedure increasingly used to treat obesity.</div><div><h4>2. Materials and Methods</h4><h5>2.5. Analysis of Plasma Metabolic Profile by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)</h5>Derivatized samples (1 μL of each) were injected in splitless mode into a gas chromatograph (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890">8890GC Agilent Technologies</a>, Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped with a capillary column of fused silica, measuring 20 m in length, 0.18 mm of internal diameter and 0.18 μm of film thickness (Agilent J&amp;W Scientific, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The initial temperature of the column was 80 °C, which was maintained for 2 min and then increased by 15 °C/min up to 305 °C. The injection started 300 s after initiating data acquisition at a temperature of 280 °C, with a flow of 20 mL/min. The column effluent was introduced into the ion source of the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/36">mass spectrometer TOFMS (Pegasus BT</a>, Leco, St. Joseph, MI, USA). The temperature of the ion source was 250 °C, the electron beam was 70 eV, and the ionization current was 2.0 mA. The detector voltage was fixed at 1500 V, and 20 spectra/s were acquired in the range of 45–800 m/z. Three sets of alkanes (C12–C28) were run at the beginning, middle, and end of the samples to test the performance of the GC-MS and calculate the retention index. The coefficient of variation of the retention time, retention index, and peak intensity is shown in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsnutrsci.5c00006/suppl_file/ns5c00006_si_001.pdf">Supporting Information, Table 1</a>.</div></div></div></section></div><h5>2.6. GC/MS Data Processing</h5>GC/MS data were processed using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/41">ChromaTOF</a> for BT, v 1.2.0.6, in which baseline correction, deconvolution, retention-time correction, and retention-index calculation were carried out. The alignment of peaks and identification of metabolites were performed using the NIST library, version 2.4 (2020). Only those features with a total ion count above 250 that presented at least three matching peaks and a score equal to or higher than 800 were considered as valid metabolites. In addition, only metabolites that were consistently detected in at least 5 of 7 samples of at least one group were included in the further data analysis (Supporting Information, Figure 1A,B). Supporting Information, Figure 1C and D show, respectively, the number of metabolites that were not detected in each sample and the total peak intensity of each sample. The peak intensity of each metabolite was normalized to a total peak intensity. Due to a technical issue during the GC/MS run, one sample from the postoperative iron-sufficient group (IS) was excluded from the metabolomic analysis. Thus, the final analysis included 7 participants in the iron-deficient (ID) group and 6 in the postoperative IS group.<h4>3. Results</h4>First, the effect of iron deficiency was evaluated in preoperative samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) was able to cluster and distinguish the ID group from the IS group (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnutrsci.5c00006#fig2">Figure 2</a>A). Principal component 1 (PC1) and principal component 2 (PC2) together were responsible for a 47.8% variation of the metabolomic profile. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnutrsci.5c00006#fig2">Figure 2</a>B and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsnutrsci.5c00006/suppl_file/ns5c00006_si_001.pdf">Supplementary Table 5</a> show the metabolites that were increased or decreased in the ID group compared to the IS group in presurgical condition. Amino acids and related metabolites showed random behavior, with some increasing and others decreasing in the ID group compared to the IS group. However, all fatty acids or their conjugation had increased abundance in the ID group, while propanedioic acid, a precursor for fatty acid synthesis, also known as malonic acid, had a lower abundance in the ID group (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnutrsci.5c00006#fig2">Figure 2</a>B, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsnutrsci.5c00006/suppl_file/ns5c00006_si_001.pdf">Supplementary Table 5</a>). Since the plasma samples were collected in the fasting state, increased circulating fatty acids may indicate a higher rate of lipolysis in the ID group.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Nutr_Sci_2026_1_1_28_35_Figure_2_Metabolomic_differences_between_preoperative_iron_sufficient_and_iron_deficient_groups_d8dc1d7bc1.jpg" alt="ACS Nutr. Sci. 2026, 1, 1, 28–35: Figure 2. Metabolomic differences between preoperative iron sufficient and iron deficient groups. (A) After principal component analysis, a scatter plot was constructed using principal components (PC) 1 and 2, which respectively explained 31.8% and 16% of the variation of the metabolomic data. Red dots represent women in the iron sufficient group (IS) and green dots represent women in the iron deficient group (ID) at the presurgery moment. Ellipses indicate a confidence interval of 95%. (B) Volcano plot shows log 2 of the fold change calculated as a ratio of ID/IS in x-axis and −log 10 of p-values in the y-axis. Blue dots indicate metabolites with a lower abundance and red dots represent metabolites with an increased abundance in the ID (n = 7) group compared to the IS (n = 7) group." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Nutr_Sci_2026_1_1_28_35_Figure_2_Metabolomic_differences_between_preoperative_iron_sufficient_and_iron_deficient_groups_d8dc1d7bc1.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2014" height="760">In the fasting state, adipose tissues are the main source of circulating fatty acids. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between body fat mass and total circulating fatty acid levels calculated by summing the relative abundance of all free and conjugated fatty acids detected in GC/MS. Total fatty acid levels showed a weak positive, nonsignificant, correlation with body fat (rho = 0.28, p = 0.3 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnutrsci.5c00006#fig3">Figure 3</a>A) and a negative correlation with serum iron, but not with serum ferritin (rho = −0.57, p = 0.04 and rho = −0.46, p = 0.10, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnutrsci.5c00006#fig3">Figure 3</a>B,C). Additionally, body fat mass was negatively correlated with serum ferritin, but not with serum iron (rho = −0.48, p = 0.08 and rho = 0.62, p = 0.08; <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnutrsci.5c00006#fig3">Figure 3</a>D,E). These data suggest that ID in obesity is associated with an increase in circulating fatty acids during fasting. Moreover, systemic iron deficiency reduced iron availability in adipose tissue (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsnutrsci.5c00006/suppl_file/ns5c00006_si_001.pdf">Supplementary Figure 3</a>), which may contribute to altered lipid mobilization under fasting conditions.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Nutr_Sci_2026_1_1_28_35_Figure_3_Relationship_between_circulating_fatty_acids_body_fat_mass_and_iron_status_in_presurgery_moment_3d983519ba.jpg" alt="ACS Nutr. Sci. 2026, 1, 1, 28–35: Figure 3. Relationship between circulating fatty acids, body fat mass and iron status in presurgery moment. Pearson correlation analysis was performed using presurgery data of total circulating fatty acids with body fat mass (A), serum iron (B), or serum ferritin (C). Correlation between body fat mass and serum iron (D) or serum ferritin (E) was also evaluated. Brown dots represent samples of the ID group (n = 7) and blue dots represent samples of the IS group (n = 7). Solid line shows linear relationship and dotted line represent 95% confidence interval." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Nutr_Sci_2026_1_1_28_35_Figure_3_Relationship_between_circulating_fatty_acids_body_fat_mass_and_iron_status_in_presurgery_moment_3d983519ba.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1857" height="1009"><h4>4. Discussion</h4>Iron deficiency is a frequent comorbidity of obesity and may arise due to several interconnected factors, such as chronic low-grade inflammation, which increases hepatic hepcidin production and reduces intestinal iron absorption. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19)</a> Inadequate diets, with low iron intake and poor nutritional quality, which also contribute to aggravating this condition, in addition to the secondary effects of hormonal and metabolic changes associated with obesity. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4−6)</a> In this study, we showed that women with obesity and concomitant ID accumulate more body fat and circulating fatty acids compared with those with normal iron status.The accumulation of fatty acids under iron-deficient conditions is a biochemically expected consequence, as the catabolism of fatty acids depends on the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which requires iron as a cofactor. However, the fact that elevated levels of circulating fatty acids can exacerbate obesity-related pathological symptoms is not typically considered in clinical management and treatment strategies. One reason this marker is rarely used in clinical practice is the lack of standardization in measurement, and absence of well-established reference ranges. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20)</a>Previous studies corroborate our findings that iron deficiency is associated with significant changes in lipid metabolism. In animal models, iron deficiency led to increased levels of fatty acids in the liver and serum, especially linoleic acid. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(21)</a> On the other hand, another study demonstrated that high levels of ferritin are associated with greater mobilization of fatty acids and insulin resistance in obese women, increasing the systemic availability of fatty acids. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(22)</a> Thus, both iron deficiency and excess can deregulate lipid metabolism. In this context, the increase in circulating fatty acids can accumulate in insulin-sensitive organs, such as the liver and muscles, impairing insulin signaling and increasing the risk of insulin resistance. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(23,24)</a> Therefore, assessing and controlling iron levels in obesity can help minimize related complications.Regarding the effect of preoperative iron deficiency on the outcome of bariatric surgery, both the IS and ID groups showed weight loss one year after surgery. However, the ID group presented a lower percentage of skeletal muscle mass (PSMM) and muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) compared to the IS group. These findings are consistent with the literature, which points to a relationship between iron deficiency and lower muscle mass. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(25)</a> Moreover, in this study, significant reduction of leucine and valine was observed only in the ID group, although the levels of these amino acids were not significantly different between the ID and IS groups in postsurgical condition. Nevertheless, we have not assessed iron status in postsurgical samples, but it is known that bariatric surgery itself increases risks for micronutrient deficiency. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19,26,27)</a> Even though all participants received postoperative nutritional supplementation to prevent such deficiencies, including iron, it is difficult to distinguish presurgical ID effects on postsurgical measures.The literature data are somewhat contradictory with regard to the effect of branched chain amino acids (BCAA). In general, it appears that increased BCAA is harmful in unhealthy conditions such as diabetes and obesity. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(28)</a> Specially, valine metabolite, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, is known to cause glucotoxicity and impairment of insulin signaling in muscle of mice fed with high fat diet. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(29)</a> Interestingly, the ketogenic metabolite of BCAA, 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid, was increased in the ID group compared to the IS group in presurgical conditions (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsnutrsci.5c00006/suppl_file/ns5c00006_si_001.pdf">Supplementary Table 5</a>). On the other hand, in healthy conditions, higher levels of BCAA can prevent sarcopenia. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(30,31)</a> Indeed, we observed moderate correlation between postsurgical skeletal muscle mass and leucine levels. Significant reduction in valine and leucine observed after surgery in the ID group might have contributed to the lower postsurgical SMM percentage and muscle-to-fat ratio in that group.A limitation of our study is the small sample size. However, due to the lack of a gold standard for diagnosis of ID in obesity, the sample was selected based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our results demonstrate that preoperative iron deficiency is associated with changes in body composition and lipid metabolism, which may aggravate conditions related to obesity. To our knowledge, while previous studies have described the association between obesity and iron deficiency and the impact of bariatric surgery on iron status, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19)</a> there is limited evidence on the effects of iron deficiency both before and after surgery. Our findings provide novel insights and reinforce that proper diagnosis and management of ID in this population may improve overall health and the effectiveness of weight loss strategies.

Iron Deficiency Is Associated with Increased Circulating Fatty Acids and Unfavorable Body Composition in Women with Obesity

In the week of April 20, the following webinars await you in the field of gas / solid phase and especially Raman, FTIR, GC and GC/MS.<blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a></h4>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><div><div><div><div><div><div><h5>1. Agilent Technologies: Agilent Solutions for Natural Gas Analysis in Coal-to-Gas Acceleration</h5><ul><li>Tu, 21.4.2026 08:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6057">Registration</a></li></ul>This session covers the holistic landscape, followed by an in-depth look at how the Agilent workflow is specialized and flexible to support operational agility.<h5>2. SelectScience: What’s in your hydrogen? Analytical toolkits for fuel purity analysis</h5><ul><li>We, 22.4.2026 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6055">Registration</a></li></ul>Join this dual-session webinar on hydrogen impurity testing and ISO 14687 fuel quality. Learn how GC, GC-MS, IC, and FTIR workflows support safe, compliant hydrogen production and fuel-cell applications.<h5>3. Bruker: Introduction to Photothermal AFM-IR for Infrared Spectroscopists</h5><ul><li>We, 22.4.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6109">Registration</a></li></ul>With photothermal atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), chemical identification at the nanoscale is achieved by measuring local IR spectra directly at the AFM tip.<h5>4. Agilent Technologies: Pesticide Residues &amp; Fumigants Edition</h5><ul><li>Th, 23.4.2026 08:30 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5955">Registration</a></li></ul>Food Safety Webinar Series – Part 2: Pesticide Residues &amp; Fumigants Edition. Explore LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS workflows, QuEChERS extraction, and regulatory reporting under Codex and EU frameworks.<h5>5. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Chromeleon Admin Console III: Data management and automation</h5><ul><li>Th, 23.4.2026 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6126">Registration</a></li></ul>In this practical session, we’ll dive into more Administration Console capabilities that help you manage and standardize your setup at scale.</div></div></div></div></div></div>

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Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

Eaton 9E Extended Battery Module (9EEBM72)

The Eaton 9EEBM72 external battery module expands the capacity of 9E UPS systems and extends runtime during outages. Easy integration enables quick expansion without complex installation.

The Eaton 9E Extended Battery Module (EBM), model 9EEBM72, is designed to extend the backup runtime of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=407">Eaton 9E UPS systems</a>. It ensures reliable operation and uninterrupted power supply to connected equipment during outages.With its robust design and high battery capacity, the module is well suited for applications requiring extended runtime. It is supplied with a connection cable and enables easy integration into existing UPS infrastructure.Installation is simple and provides a seamless transition to backup power without interruption.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_E_Extended_Battery_Module_9_EEBM_72_6_bd6b634a57.jpg" alt="Eaton 9E Extended Battery Module (9EEBM72)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_E_Extended_Battery_Module_9_EEBM_72_6_bd6b634a57.jpg 176w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="888"><h3>Key features</h3><ul><li>Extends backup runtime for Eaton 9E UPS systems</li><li>Sealed, maintenance-free lead-acid batteries</li><li>High operational reliability, even in demanding applications</li><li>Simple installation and easy system integration</li><li>Supplied with a power connection cable</li><li>Complies with international standards</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_E_Extended_Battery_Module_9_EEBM_72_5_bae8f57740.jpg" alt="Eaton 9E Extended Battery Module (9EEBM72)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_E_Extended_Battery_Module_9_EEBM_72_5_bae8f57740.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="665"><h3>Technical specifications</h3><ul><li>Product type: Extended Battery Module (EBM)</li><li>Catalog number: 9EEBM72</li><li>Battery type: Sealed, lead-acid</li><li>Battery rating: 12 V / 9 Ah</li><li>Number of batteries: 12</li><li>Dimensions (W × H × D): 39.9 × 33 × 19 cm</li><li>Weight: 35.8 kg</li><li>Compliances: CE Marked , TUV</li><li>Certifications:&nbsp;<ul><li>IEC/EN 62040-1</li><li>IEC/EN 62040-2</li><li>CE</li><li>EAC</li></ul></li><li>Package contents:&nbsp;<ul><li>EBM module</li><li>power cable</li><li>quick start guide</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_E_Extended_Battery_Module_9_EEBM_72_7_b49f626968.jpg" alt="Eaton 9E Extended Battery Module (9EEBM72)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_E_Extended_Battery_Module_9_EEBM_72_7_b49f626968.jpg 178w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="876">

Organomation NITRO Nitrogen Generator

The Organomation NITRO 35/70 delivers up to 70 L/min nitrogen with 99.99% purity, PSA technology, remote monitoring, and integrated storage.

The Organomation NITRO (NiGen Nitro 35 / 70) is a high-performance nitrogen generator based on PSA technology, designed for applications requiring flow rates up to 70 L/min and purity up to 99.99%.It is available in two models:<ul><li>NITRO 35 – up to 35 L/min</li><li>NITRO 70 – up to 70 L/min</li></ul>The system delivers a dew point below -50 °C and hydrocarbon levels below 0.01 ppm, making it suitable for demanding applications such as LC/MS.An integrated 24 L internal tank ensures stable nitrogen supply and reduces downtime. The unit features a touchscreen display, supports remote access via Claind4You, and enables full system integration using MODBUS, MQTT, and HTTPS protocols.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Two models: 35 and 70 L/min</li><li>Nitrogen purity up to 99.99%</li><li>Dew point &lt; -50 °C</li><li>Hydrocarbon content &lt; 0.01 ppm</li><li>PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) technology</li><li>24 L internal storage tank</li><li>Touchscreen display with monitoring and alerts</li><li>Remote control via Claind4You</li><li>Integration via MODBUS, MQTT, HTTPS</li><li>Automatic operation with leak detection</li><li>Mobile design with wheels</li><li>Reliable continuous operation</li></ul><h4>Available Models</h4><h5>NITRO 35</h5><ul><li>Flow rate: up to 35 L/min</li><li>Weight: 75 kg</li></ul><h5>NITRO 70</h5><ul><li>Flow rate: up to 70 L/min</li><li>Weight: 90 kg</li></ul><h4>Standard Features</h4><ul><li>PSA nitrogen generator (Claind technology)</li><li>Touchscreen display</li><li>Automatic operation with alarms</li><li>Alarm logging and diagnostics</li><li>24 L internal tank</li><li>Remote access (Claind4You)</li><li>Communication protocols (MODBUS, MQTT, HTTPS)</li><li>Wheels for mobility</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Model: NiGen Nitro 35 / 70</li><li>Technology: PSA</li><li>Purity: up to 99.99%</li><li>Dew point: &lt; -50 °C</li><li>Hydrocarbons: &lt; 0.01 ppm</li><li>Output pressure: 0–6.5 bar (0–94 psi)</li></ul><h4>Flow Rate</h4><ul><li>NITRO 35: up to 35 L/min</li><li>NITRO 70: up to 70 L/min</li></ul><h4>Air Input Requirements</h4><ul><li>Particles: ≤ 0.01 µm</li><li>Oil: ≤ 0.01 mg/m³</li><li>Moisture: ≤ 3 °C dew point</li><li>Air flow:<ul><li>35: up to 90 L/min</li><li>70: up to 170 L/min</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Electrical</h4><ul><li>115 / 230 V</li><li>50–60 Hz</li><li>Power consumption: 200 W</li></ul><h4>Operating Conditions</h4><ul><li>Temperature: 5–40 °C</li><li>Humidity: 5–80%</li><li>Max altitude: 2000 m</li></ul><h4>Dimensions</h4><ul><li>92 × 26.5 × 75 cm</li></ul><h4>Weight</h4><ul><li>NITRO 35: 75 kg</li><li>NITRO 70: 90 kg</li></ul><h4>Communication</h4><ul><li>MODBUS (TCP), MQTT, HTTPS</li><li>Wi-Fi connectivity</li></ul><h4>Protection</h4><ul><li>IP20</li></ul><h4>Warranty</h4><ul><li>2 years</li></ul><h4>Accessories</h4><ul><li>100 L reservoir (air or nitrogen storage)</li><li>Installation kit for LC/MS (A200)</li><li>Dual Purity module (99.999% for LC-MS collision cell)</li></ul>

Organomation FLO Nitrogen Generator

The Organomation FLO provides adjustable nitrogen purity with integrated storage, real-time monitoring, and PSA technology for flexible lab applications.

The Organomation FLO (N2 FLO Series) is an advanced nitrogen generator based on PSA technology, designed for applications requiring flexible purity control and continuous operation.The system includes an oxygen analyzer and pressure regulator, enabling real-time nitrogen purity monitoring. Thanks to its integrated storage tank, no external buffer is required – one vessel serves both as buffer and supply reservoir.The generator automatically switches to energy-saving standby mode when production exceeds demand. An air quality analyzer (humidity and oil particles) ensures protection of the system and gas purity.The unit supports digital control and integration via MODBUS, MQTT, and HTTP protocols. An optional E941 food-grade configuration is available.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>PSA technology (Claind Fast Purity)</li><li>Real-time nitrogen purity monitoring (O₂ analyzer)</li><li>Integrated storage tank (no buffer required)</li><li>Automatic standby mode for energy savings</li><li>Adjustable nitrogen purity</li><li>Digital control and communication (MODBUS, MQTT, HTTP)</li><li>Air quality protection (humidity, oil, particles)</li><li>Unattended continuous operation</li><li>Optional food-grade configuration (E941)</li></ul><h4>Available Models</h4><ul><li>N2 FLO 1</li><li>N2 FLO 2</li><li>N2 FLO 3</li><li>N2 FLO 4</li></ul><h4>Standard Features</h4><ul><li>PSA nitrogen generator</li><li>Oxygen analyzer</li><li>Pressure regulator</li><li>Digital control system</li><li>Integrated nitrogen tank</li><li>Air quality protection system</li><li>Communication interfaces (MODBUS, MQTT, HTTP)</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Technology: PSA (Fast Purity)</li><li>Dew point: -50 °C</li><li>Output pressure: 1.5 bar below inlet pressure</li><li>Noise: ≤ 60 dB</li><li>Protection class: IP20</li></ul><h4>Electrical</h4><ul><li>115 / 230 V</li><li>50–60 Hz</li><li>Power consumption: 50 W</li></ul><h4>Operating Conditions</h4><ul><li>Temperature: 5–40 °C</li></ul><h4>Air Input Requirements</h4><ul><li>Pressure: 6.5–13 bar</li><li>Quality: ISO 8573-1 Class 1.4.1</li><li>Dry, clean, oil-free air</li></ul><h4>Dimensions</h4><ul><li>118 × 40 × 80 cm</li></ul><h4>Weight</h4><ul><li>FLO 1: 92 kg</li><li>FLO 2: 113 kg</li><li>FLO 3: 134 kg</li><li>FLO 4: 155 kg</li></ul><h4>Performance vs Purity (L/min at 8.5 bar, 20 °C)</h4><h5>N2 FLO 1</h5><ul><li>99.999%: 3 L/min</li><li>99.99%: 6 L/min</li><li>99.9%: 15 L/min</li><li>99.5%: 25 L/min</li><li>99%: 33 L/min</li><li>98%: 40 L/min</li><li>97%: 46 L/min</li></ul><h5>N2 FLO 2</h5><ul><li>99.999%: 8 L/min</li><li>99.99%: 13 L/min</li><li>99.9%: 30 L/min</li><li>99.5%: 48 L/min</li><li>99%: 60 L/min</li><li>98%: 76 L/min</li><li>97%: 88 L/min</li></ul><h5>N2 FLO 3</h5><ul><li>99.999%: 11 L/min</li><li>99.99%: 20 L/min</li><li>99.9%: 43 L/min</li><li>99.5%: 71 L/min</li><li>99%: 88 L/min</li><li>98%: 111 L/min</li><li>97%: 130 L/min</li></ul><h5>N2 FLO 4</h5><ul><li>99.999%: 16 L/min</li><li>99.99%: 28 L/min</li><li>99.9%: 61 L/min</li><li>99.5%: 96 L/min</li><li>99%: 120 L/min</li><li>98%: 151 L/min</li><li>97%: 176 L/min</li></ul>

Organomation MAXI Nitrogen Generator

The Organomation MAXI delivers high-capacity nitrogen generation with PSA technology, real-time monitoring, and scalable industrial performance.

The Organomation MAXI (N2 MAXI Series) is a high-capacity industrial nitrogen generator based on PSA Fast Purity technology, designed for applications requiring very high flow rates and stable nitrogen supply.The system includes an oxygen analyzer and pressure regulator, enabling real-time purity monitoring. Its integrated tank eliminates the need for a buffer vessel, combining storage and delivery in one system.The generator automatically switches to energy-saving standby mode when production exceeds consumption. An air quality monitoring system (humidity and oil) protects both performance and gas purity.Full IT integration is enabled via MODBUS, MQTT, and HTTP, with an optional E941 food-grade configuration.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>PSA technology (Claind Fast Purity)</li><li>Very high flow rates (up to thousands L/min)</li><li>Real-time nitrogen purity monitoring</li><li>Integrated storage tank (no buffer required)</li><li>Automatic standby mode</li><li>Adjustable purity levels</li><li>Digital control with IT integration</li><li>Air quality protection system</li><li>Unattended continuous operation</li><li>Optional food-grade configuration (E941)</li></ul><h4>Available Models</h4><ul><li>N2 MAXI 1</li><li>N2 MAXI 2</li><li>N2 MAXI 3</li><li>N2 MAXI 4</li></ul><h4>Standard Features</h4><ul><li>PSA nitrogen generator</li><li>Oxygen analyzer</li><li>Pressure regulator</li><li>Digital control system</li><li>Integrated nitrogen tank</li><li>Air quality monitoring system</li><li>Communication interfaces (MODBUS, MQTT, HTTP)</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Technology: PSA (Fast Purity)</li><li>Dew point: -50 °C</li><li>Output pressure: 1.5 bar below inlet pressure</li><li>Noise: ≤ 60 dB</li><li>Protection class: IP20</li></ul><h4>Electrical</h4><ul><li>115 / 230 V</li><li>50–60 Hz</li><li>Power consumption: 50 W</li></ul><h4>Operating Conditions</h4><ul><li>Temperature: 5–40 °C</li></ul><h4>Air Input Requirements</h4><ul><li>Pressure: 6.5–13 bar</li><li>Quality: ISO 8573-1 Class 1.4.1</li><li>Dry, clean, oil-free air</li></ul><h4>Dimensions</h4><ul><li>Height: 207.5 cm</li><li>Depth: 117 cm</li><li>Width:<ul><li>MAXI 1: 62 cm</li><li>MAXI 2: 103 cm</li><li>MAXI 3: 142 cm</li><li>MAXI 4: 182 cm</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Weight</h4><ul><li>MAXI 1: 730 kg</li><li>MAXI 2: 1400 kg</li><li>MAXI 3: 2050 kg</li><li>MAXI 4: 2700 kg</li></ul><h4>Performance vs Purity (L/min at 8.5 bar, 20 °C)</h4><h5>N2 MAXI 1</h5><ul><li>99.999%: 103 L/min</li><li>99.99%: 150 L/min</li><li>99.9%: 311 L/min</li><li>99.5%: 518 L/min</li><li>99%: 651 L/min</li><li>98%: 828 L/min</li><li>97%: 931 L/min</li></ul><h5>N2 MAXI 2</h5><ul><li>99.999%: 206 L/min</li><li>99.99%: 300 L/min</li><li>99.9%: 623 L/min</li><li>99.5%: 1,035 L/min</li><li>99%: 1,311 L/min</li><li>98%: 1,648 L/min</li><li>97%: 1,850 L/min</li></ul><h5>N2 MAXI 3</h5><ul><li>99.999%: 310 L/min</li><li>99.99%: 450 L/min</li><li>99.9%: 935 L/min</li><li>99.5%: 1,553 L/min</li><li>99%: 1,965 L/min</li><li>98%: 2,483 L/min</li><li>97%: 2,780 L/min</li></ul><h5>N2 MAXI 4</h5><ul><li>99.999%: 413 L/min</li><li>99.99%: 600 L/min</li><li>99.9%: 1,246 L/min</li><li>99.5%: 2,070 L/min</li></ul>

Organomation PICO Nitrogen Generator

The Organomation PICO delivers flexible nitrogen generation with adjustable purity, integrated storage, and real-time monitoring.

The Organomation PICO (N2 PICO Series) is a compact and high-performance nitrogen generator based on PSA Fast Purity technology, designed for applications requiring flexible purity control and stable nitrogen supply.The system includes an oxygen analyzer and pressure regulator, enabling real-time purity monitoring. Its integrated tank eliminates the need for a buffer vessel, combining storage and delivery in one unit.The generator automatically switches to energy-saving standby mode when production exceeds consumption. An air quality analyzer (humidity and oil particles) protects system performance and gas quality.The system supports digital control and integration via MODBUS, MQTT, and HTTP, with an optional E941 food-grade configuration.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>PSA technology (Claind Fast Purity)</li><li>Real-time nitrogen purity monitoring</li><li>Integrated storage tank (no buffer required)</li><li>Automatic standby mode</li><li>Adjustable nitrogen purity</li><li>Digital control and communication (MODBUS, MQTT, HTTP)</li><li>Air quality protection system</li><li>Unattended continuous operation</li><li>Optional food-grade configuration (E941)</li></ul><h4>Available Models</h4><ul><li>N2 PICO 3</li><li>N2 PICO 4</li><li>N2 PICO 5</li><li>N2 PICO 6</li></ul><h4>Standard Features</h4><ul><li>PSA nitrogen generator</li><li>Oxygen analyzer</li><li>Pressure regulator</li><li>Digital control system</li><li>Integrated nitrogen tank</li><li>Air quality monitoring system</li><li>Communication interfaces (MODBUS, MQTT, HTTP)</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Technology: PSA (Fast Purity)</li><li>Dew point: -50 °C</li><li>Output pressure: 1.5 bar below inlet pressure</li><li>Noise: ≤ 60 dB</li><li>Protection class: IP20</li></ul><h4>Electrical</h4><ul><li>115 / 230 V</li><li>50–60 Hz</li><li>Power consumption: 50 W</li></ul><h4>Operating Conditions</h4><ul><li>Temperature: 5–40 °C</li></ul><h4>Air Input Requirements</h4><ul><li>Pressure: 6.5–13 bar</li><li>Quality: ISO 8573-1 Class 1.4.1</li><li>Dry, clean, oil-free air</li></ul><h4>Dimensions</h4><ul><li>138 × 40 × 130 cm</li></ul><h4>Weight</h4><ul><li>PICO 3: 230 kg</li><li>PICO 4: 270 kg</li><li>PICO 5: 310 kg</li><li>PICO 6: 350 kg</li></ul><h4>Performance vs Purity (L/min at 8.5 bar, 20 °C)</h4><h5>N2 PICO 3</h5><ul><li>99.999%: 25 L/min</li><li>99.99%: 41 L/min</li><li>99.9%: 90 L/min</li><li>99.5%: 143 L/min</li><li>99%: 173 L/min</li><li>98%: 230 L/min</li><li>97%: 268 L/min</li></ul><h5>N2 PICO 4</h5><ul><li>99.999%: 33 L/min</li><li>99.99%: 55 L/min</li><li>99.9%: 115 L/min</li><li>99.5%: 191 L/min</li><li>99%: 250 L/min</li><li>98%: 306 L/min</li><li>97%: 345 L/min</li></ul><h5>N2 PICO 5</h5><ul><li>99.999%: 38 L/min</li><li>99.99%: 66 L/min</li><li>99.9%: 153 L/min</li><li>99.5%: 240 L/min</li><li>99%: 306 L/min</li><li>98%: 383 L/min</li><li>97%: 441 L/min</li></ul><h5>N2 PICO 6</h5><ul><li>99.999%: 58 L/min</li><li>99.99%: 83 L/min</li><li>99.9%: 173 L/min</li><li>99.5%: 288 L/min</li><li>99%: 365 L/min</li><li>98%: 460 L/min</li><li>97%: 518 L/min</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS20 FTIR Spectrometer

Nicolet iS20 FTIR spectrometer with LightDrive optics, <0.25 cm⁻¹ resolution, cloud connectivity, and advanced mixture analysis capabilities.

The Thermo Scientific Nicolet™ iS™ 20 FTIR Spectrometer represents a next-generation FTIR platform designed for fast and accurate identification of mixtures, contaminants, and trace components across applications including QA/QC, pharmaceuticals, polymers, and forensics.At the core of the system is the LightDrive™ Optical Engine, integrating the source, laser, interferometer, and detector into a single optimized module. This design delivers high spectral resolution (&lt;0.25 cm⁻¹) and a signal-to-noise ratio up to 50,000:1, enabling detection of low-level components.The instrument features a touchscreen interface with multi-color LED status indicators (ready / scan / alert) for intuitive operation. A sealed and purge-ready optical bench ensures long-term stability even in demanding environments.The system supports cloud-enabled workflows via Thermo Fisher Cloud and uses OMNIC™ / OMNIC Specta™ software, including a library of &gt;9,000 spectra for rapid unknown identification.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>LightDrive™ optical engine (source, laser, interferometer, detector)</li><li>Spectral resolution &lt; 0.25 cm⁻¹</li><li>Signal-to-noise ratio up to 50,000:1</li><li>Touchscreen interface with LED status indicators</li><li>10-year warranty on source, laser, and interferometer</li><li>High data reproducibility (stable IR source)</li><li>Sealed, purge-ready optics</li><li>Cloud connectivity (Thermo Fisher Cloud)</li><li>OMNIC™ and OMNIC Specta™ software (&gt;9,000 spectra library)</li><li>Automated validation (IQ/OQ, pharmacopeias)</li><li>Wide accessory compatibility (SMART, microscopy, TGA-IR)</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>Optics and Performance</h4><ul><li>Spectral range:<ul><li>7800–350 cm⁻¹ (standard KBr)</li><li>11,000–375 cm⁻¹ (XT-KBr extended range)</li></ul></li><li>Spectral resolution: &lt; 0.25 cm⁻¹</li><li>Signal-to-noise ratio: 50,000:1</li><li>Laser: solid-state diode laser (10-year warranty)</li><li>Beamsplitter:<ul><li>KBr/Ge (standard)</li><li>XT-KBr/Ge (optional)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Detection and Sources</h4><ul><li>Detector:<ul><li>DTGS (standard)</li><li>optional high-sensitivity detectors (e.g., MCT)</li></ul></li><li>Source:<ul><li>stabilized IR source (non-migrating hot spot)</li><li>optional tungsten/halogen</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Construction and Validation</h4><ul><li>Optical system: sealed and purge-ready</li><li>Validation: integrated SPV, ASTM/NIST traceable</li><li>Compliance:<ul><li>USP / Ph. Eur. / JP / CP</li><li>21 CFR Part 11</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Interface and Software</h4><ul><li>USB 2.0</li><li>Thermo Fisher Cloud</li><li>Software: OMNIC™ / OMNIC Specta™</li></ul><h4>Dimensions and Weight</h4><ul><li>Dimensions: 570 × 550 × 250 mm</li><li>Weight: 32 kg</li></ul><h4>Electrical</h4><ul><li>100–240 V, 50–60 Hz</li></ul>

Eaton 9SX5KI UPS backup power source

The Eaton 9SX5KI is an online double-conversion UPS (5000 VA / 4500 W) delivering stable power, up to 94.2% efficiency, and support for external battery modules for critical applications.

The Eaton 9SX5KI is a reliable online double-conversion UPS designed to provide continuous power protection for critical equipment in IT, industrial, and laboratory applications. It delivers a stable sine wave output with precise voltage and frequency regulation, ensuring maximum reliability even under fluctuating input conditions.With high efficiency of up to 94.2% at full load, it helps reduce operating costs. The internal bypass ensures power continuity in case of a fault, while advanced battery management (ABM) extends battery life and optimizes charging cycles. The Eaton 9SX5KI UPS supports connection of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2311">external battery modules</a> (EBM).The unit features a clear multilingual LCD display and a wide range of communication options including USB, RS232, and dry contacts. Its compact tower design allows easy integration into various environments.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_5d65894bb5.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX5KI UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_5d65894bb5.jpg 172w," sizes="100vw" width="654" height="592"><h3>Key features</h3><ul><li>Online double-conversion UPS</li><li>5000 VA / 4500 W output power</li><li>Efficiency up to 94.2%</li><li>Sine wave output with low distortion (≤3%)</li><li>Internal bypass</li><li>ABM battery management (extended battery life)</li><li>Support for external battery modules (EBM)</li><li>Multilingual LCD display</li><li>Communication interfaces: USB, RS232, relay contacts</li><li>Slot for optional communication card</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_3_221b7b4131.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX5KI UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_3_221b7b4131.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="1000"><h3>Technical specifications</h3><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Model: Eaton 9SX5KI</li><li>Part number: 9SX5KI</li><li>Form factor: Tower</li><li>Color: Black</li><li>Efficiency: up to 94.2%</li><li>Internal bypass: Yes</li><li>Phase (input/output): 1 / 1</li><li>Certifications:<ul><li>IEC/EN 62040-1</li><li>IEC/EN 62040-2</li><li>CE</li><li>EAC</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Electrical input</h4><ul><li>Input voltage range: 176–276 V (120–276 V with derating)</li><li>Nominal voltage: default 230 V (200/208/220/230/240 V)</li><li>Input frequency range: 40–70 Hz</li><li>Nominal frequency: 50/60 Hz</li><li>Input power factor: &gt;0.99</li><li>Connection: Hardwired / terminal block</li></ul><h4>Electrical output</h4><ul><li>Power rating: 5000 VA / 4500 W</li><li>Output voltage: 230 V (200/208/220/230/240 V) ±2%</li><li>Output frequency: 50/60 Hz</li><li>Power factor: 0.9</li><li>Waveform: Sine wave</li><li>THD: ≤3%</li><li>Topology: Online / double conversion</li></ul><h4>Battery</h4><ul><li>Type: Sealed lead-acid (VRLA)</li><li>Quantity: 20 × 12 V / 7 Ah</li><li>Management: ABM with temperature compensation</li><li>Features: Automatic battery test, deep discharge protection</li><li>Expandability: External battery modules (EBM)</li><li>Replacement: User-replaceable</li><li>Runtime graph: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://eg.eaton.com/ups-battery-runtime/en-gb/9SX5KI">runtime graph</a></li></ul><h4>Communication</h4><ul><li>USB: Yes (HID compatible)</li><li>RS232: Yes</li><li>Dry contacts: Yes (2 outputs, 1 input)</li><li>RPO: Yes (remote power off)</li><li>Expansion slot: 1× for communication card</li><li>Software: Eaton Intelligent Power Manager, Intelligent Power Protector</li></ul><h4>Physical parameters</h4><ul><li>Dimensions (H × W × D): 57.5 × 24.4 × 54.2 cm</li><li>Weight: 65.5 kg</li></ul><h4>Operating conditions</h4><ul><li>Noise level: &lt;46 dB (at 1 m)</li><li>Temperature: 0–40 °C</li><li>Relative humidity: 0–96% non-condensing</li><li>Altitude: up to 3000 m</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_4_abfc77eb36.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX5KI UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_4_abfc77eb36.jpg 223w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="701">

Eaton 9SX6KI UPS backup power source

The Eaton 9SX6KI is an online double-conversion UPS (6000 VA / 5400 W) delivering stable power, up to 94% efficiency, and support for external battery modules for critical applications.

The Eaton 9SX6KI is a high-performance online double-conversion UPS designed to provide continuous power protection for critical equipment in IT, industrial, and laboratory applications. It delivers a stable sine wave output with precise voltage and frequency regulation, ensuring maximum reliability even under fluctuating input conditions.With efficiency of up to 94% at full load, it helps reduce operating costs. The internal bypass ensures power continuity in case of a fault, while advanced battery management (ABM) extends battery life and optimizes charging cycles. The Eaton 9SX6KI UPS supports connection of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2311">external battery modules</a>(EBM).The unit features a clear multilingual LCD display and a wide range of communication options including USB, RS232, and dry contacts. Its compact tower design allows easy integration into various environments.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_5d65894bb5.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX6KI UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_5d65894bb5.jpg 172w," sizes="100vw" width="654" height="592"><h3>Key features</h3><ul><li>Online double-conversion UPS</li><li>6000 VA / 5400 W output power</li><li>Efficiency up to 94%</li><li>Sine wave output with low distortion (≤3%)</li><li>Internal bypass</li><li>ABM battery management (extended battery life)</li><li>Support for external battery modules (EBM)</li><li>Multilingual LCD display</li><li>Communication interfaces: USB, RS232, relay contacts</li><li>Slot for optional communication card</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_3_221b7b4131.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX6KI UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_3_221b7b4131.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="1000"><h3>Technical specifications</h3><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Model: Eaton 9SX6KI</li><li>Part number: 9SX6KI</li><li>Form factor: Tower</li><li>Color: Black</li><li>Efficiency: up to 94%</li><li>Internal bypass: Yes</li><li>Phase (input/output): 1 / 1</li><li>Certifications:<ul><li>IEC/EN 62040-1</li><li>IEC/EN 62040-2</li><li>CE</li><li>EAC</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Electrical input</h4><ul><li>Input voltage range: 176–276 V (120–276 V with derating)</li><li>Nominal voltage: default 230 V (200/208/220/230/240 V)</li><li>Input frequency range: 40–70 Hz</li><li>Nominal frequency: 50/60 Hz</li><li>Input power factor: &gt;0.99</li><li>Connection: Hardwired / terminal block</li></ul><h4>Electrical output</h4><ul><li>Power rating: 6000 VA / 5400 W</li><li>Output voltage: 230 V (200/208/220/230/240 V) ±2%</li><li>Output frequency: 50/60 Hz</li><li>Power factor: 0.9</li><li>Waveform: Sine wave</li><li>THD: ≤3%</li><li>Topology: Online / double conversion</li></ul><h4>Battery</h4><ul><li>Type: Sealed lead-acid (VRLA)</li><li>Quantity: 20 × 12 V / 7 Ah</li><li>Management: ABM with temperature compensation</li><li>Features: Automatic battery test, deep discharge protection</li><li>Expandability: External battery modules (EBM)</li><li>Replacement: User-replaceable</li><li>Runtime graph: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://eg.eaton.com/ups-battery-runtime/en-gb/9SX5KI">runtime graph</a></li></ul><h4>Communication</h4><ul><li>USB: Yes (HID compatible)</li><li>RS232: Yes</li><li>Dry contacts: Yes (2 outputs, 1 input)</li><li>RPO: Yes (remote power off)</li><li>Expansion slot: 1× for communication card</li><li>Software: Eaton Intelligent Power Manager, Intelligent Power Protector</li></ul><h4>Physical parameters</h4><ul><li>Dimensions (H × W × D): 57.5 × 24.4 × 54.2 cm</li><li>Weight: 65.5 kg</li></ul><h4>Operating conditions</h4><ul><li>Noise level: &lt;46 dB (at 1 m)</li><li>Temperature: 0–40 °C</li><li>Relative humidity: 0–96% non-condensing</li><li>Altitude: up to 3000 m</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_4_abfc77eb36.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX6KI UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_4_abfc77eb36.jpg 223w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="701">

Eaton 9SX 5000i RT3U G2 UPS

The Eaton 9SX 5000i RT3U G2 is an online double-conversion UPS (5000 VA / 5000 W) with up to 96.7% efficiency and flexible rack/tower installation.

The Eaton 9SX 5000i RT3U G2 (9SX5KIRT3UG2) is a modern online double-conversion UPS designed to protect critical equipment in IT, industrial, and laboratory environments. Its rack/tower (3U) design allows flexible installation in server racks or standalone use.The UPS delivers a stable sine wave output with minimal distortion and precise voltage and frequency regulation. With efficiency up to 96.7%, it significantly reduces operating costs. The internal bypass ensures power continuity in case of failure, while advanced ABM+ battery management extends battery life and optimizes charging cycles.The unit supports <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2311">external battery modules</a> (EBMs) to extend runtime and offers comprehensive communication options including USB, RS232, RPO, and dry contacts. A multilingual graphical LCD display ensures easy monitoring and control.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5000i_RT_3_U_G2_UPS_11_6f1e0b00ba.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX 5000i RT3U G2 UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5000i_RT_3_U_G2_UPS_11_6f1e0b00ba.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="336"><h3>Key features</h3><ul><li>Online double-conversion UPS</li><li>5000 VA / 5000 W output (power factor 1.0)</li><li>High efficiency up to 96.7%</li><li>Rack/tower design (3U, 19")</li><li>Sine wave output with low distortion (≤1%)</li><li>Internal bypass</li><li>Advanced ABM+ battery management</li><li>Expandable with external battery modules (EBM)</li><li>Multilingual graphical LCD display</li><li>Communication: USB, RS232, ROO, dry contacts</li><li>Slot for communication card</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5000i_RT_3_U_G2_UPS_9_45a7fd32ff.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX 5000i RT3U G2 UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5000i_RT_3_U_G2_UPS_9_45a7fd32ff.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="281"><h3>Technical specifications</h3><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Model: 9SX5KIRT3UG2</li><li>Model code: Eaton 9SX 5000i RT3U G2</li><li>Form factor: Rack/tower (3U, 19")</li><li>Color: Black</li><li>Efficiency: up to 96.7%</li><li>Internal bypass: Yes</li><li>Certifications: IEC/EN 62040-1, -2, -3, ENERGY STAR, CE, cULus, UKCA, RCM, KCC, BSMI</li><li>Package contents:&nbsp;<ul><li>UPS</li><li>(2) cable glands</li><li>(2) IEC-IEC output cables (1,2 m)</li><li>USB cable (1,8 m)</li><li>Cable locking systems</li><li>Supports for tower mounting</li><li>Rack-mounting kit with brackets and slides for UPS</li><li>Safety instructions</li><li>Quickstart guide</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Electrical input</h4><ul><li>Input voltage range: 176–276 V (100–276 V with derating)</li><li>Input frequency range: 40–70 Hz</li><li>Nominal frequency: 50/60 Hz</li><li>Input power factor: &gt;0.99</li></ul><h4>Electrical output</h4><ul><li>Power rating: 5000 VA / 5000 W</li><li>Output voltage: 230 V (200/208/220/230/240 V)</li><li>Output power factor: 1.0</li><li>Waveform: Sine wave</li><li>THD (linear load): ≤1%</li><li>Topology: Online / double conversion</li><li>Receptacles: 8× IEC C13, 3× IEC C19, terminal block</li></ul><h4>Battery</h4><ul><li>Type: Sealed lead-acid (VRLA)</li><li>Quantity: 15 × 12 V / 5 Ah</li><li>Management:<ul><li>ABM+ (Predictive battery life) &amp; Temperature compensated charging method (user selectable)</li><li>Automatic battery test</li><li>Deep discharge protection</li><li>Automatic recognition of external battery units</li></ul></li><li>Expandability: External battery modules (EBM)</li><li>Replacement: Hot-swappable</li><li>Runtime graph: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://eg.eaton.com/ups-battery-runtime/en-gb/9SX5KIRT3UG2">runtime graph</a></li></ul><h4>Communication</h4><ul><li>USB: Yes (HID compliant)</li><li>RS232: Yes</li><li>RPO (remote power off): Yes</li><li>ROO (remote on/off): Yes</li><li>Dry contacts: Yes (2 outputs, 1 input)</li><li>Expansion slot: 1</li><li>Software: Eaton Brightlayer</li></ul><h4>Physical parameters</h4><ul><li>Dimensions (D × H × W): 684 × 130 × 440 mm</li><li>Weight: 43.1 kg</li></ul><h4>Operating conditions</h4><ul><li>Noise level: &lt;40 dB</li><li>Temperature: 0–40 °C</li><li>Humidity: 0–95% non-condensing</li><li>Altitude: up to 3000 m</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5000i_RT_3_U_G2_UPS_10_bda3c23d56.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX 5000i RT3U G2 UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5000i_RT_3_U_G2_UPS_10_bda3c23d56.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="611">

Eaton 9SX 6000i RT3U G2 UPS

The Eaton 9SX 6000i RT3U G2 is an online double-conversion UPS (6000 VA / 6000 W) with up to 96.5% efficiency and flexible rack/tower installation.

The Eaton 9SX 6000i RT3U G2 (9SX6KIRT3UG2) is a modern online double-conversion UPS designed to protect critical equipment in IT, industrial, and laboratory environments. Its rack/tower (3U) design allows flexible installation in server racks or standalone use.The UPS delivers a stable sine wave output with minimal distortion and precise voltage and frequency regulation. With efficiency up to 96.5%, it significantly reduces operating costs. The internal bypass ensures power continuity in case of failure, while advanced ABM+ battery management extends battery life and optimizes charging cycles.The unit supports <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2311">external battery modules</a> (EBMs) to extend runtime and offers comprehensive communication options including USB, RS232, RPO, and dry contacts. A multilingual graphical LCD display ensures easy monitoring and control.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5000i_RT_3_U_G2_UPS_11_6f1e0b00ba.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX 6000i RT3U G2 UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5000i_RT_3_U_G2_UPS_11_6f1e0b00ba.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="336"><h3>Key features</h3><ul><li>Online double-conversion UPS</li><li>6000 VA / 6000 W output (power factor 1.0)</li><li>High efficiency up to 96.5%</li><li>Rack/tower design (3U, 19")</li><li>Sine wave output with low distortion (≤1%)</li><li>Internal bypass</li><li>Advanced ABM+ battery management</li><li>Expandable with external battery modules (EBM)</li><li>Multilingual graphical LCD display</li><li>Communication: USB, RS232, RPO, ROO, dry contacts</li><li>Slot for communication card</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5000i_RT_3_U_G2_UPS_9_45a7fd32ff.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX 6000i RT3U G2 UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5000i_RT_3_U_G2_UPS_9_45a7fd32ff.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="281"><h3>Technical specifications</h3><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Model: 9SX6KIRT3UG2</li><li>Model code: Eaton 9SX 6000i RT3U G2</li><li>Form factor: Rack/tower (3U, 19")</li><li>Color: Black</li><li>Efficiency: up to 96.5%</li><li>Internal bypass: Yes</li><li>Certifications: IEC/EN 62040-1, -2, -3, ENERGY STAR, CE, cULus, UKCA, RCM, KCC, BSMI</li><li>Package contents:&nbsp;<ul><li>UPS</li><li>(2) cable glands</li><li>(2) IEC-IEC output cables (1,2 m)</li><li>USB cable (1,8 m)</li><li>Cable locking systems</li><li>Supports for tower mounting</li><li>Rack-mounting kit with brackets and slides for UPS</li><li>Safety instructions</li><li>Quickstart guide</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Electrical input</h4><ul><li>Input voltage range: 176–276 V (100–276 V with derating)</li><li>Input frequency range: 40–70 Hz</li><li>Nominal frequency: 50/60 Hz</li><li>Input power factor: &gt;0.99</li></ul><h4>Electrical output</h4><ul><li>Power rating: 6000 VA / 6000 W</li><li>Output voltage: 230 V (200/208/220/230/240 V)</li><li>Output power factor: 1.0</li><li>Waveform: Sine wave</li><li>THD (linear load): ≤1%</li><li>Topology: Online / double conversion</li><li>Receptacles: 8× IEC C13, 3× IEC C19, terminal block</li></ul><h4>Battery</h4><ul><li>Type: Sealed lead-acid (VRLA)</li><li>Quantity: 15 × 12 V / 5 Ah</li><li>Management:<ul><li>ABM+ (Predictive battery life) &amp; Temperature compensated charging method (user selectable)</li><li>Automatic battery test</li><li>Deep discharge protection</li><li>Automatic recognition of external battery units</li></ul></li><li>Expandability: External battery modules (EBM)</li><li>Replacement: Hot-swappable</li><li>Runtime graph: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://eg.eaton.com/ups-battery-runtime/en-gb/9SX5KIRT3UG2">runtime graph</a></li></ul><h4>Communication</h4><ul><li>USB: Yes (HID compliant)</li><li>RS232: Yes</li><li>RPO (remote power off): Yes</li><li>ROO (remote on/off): Yes</li><li>Dry contacts: Yes (2 outputs, 1 input)</li><li>Expansion slot: 1</li><li>Software: Eaton Brightlayer</li></ul><h4>Physical parameters</h4><ul><li>Dimensions (D × H × W): 684 × 130 × 440 mm</li><li>Weight: 43.1 kg</li></ul><h4>Operating conditions</h4><ul><li>Noise level: &lt;40 dB</li><li>Temperature: 0–40 °C</li><li>Humidity: 0–95% non-condensing</li><li>Altitude: up to 3000 m</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5000i_RT_3_U_G2_UPS_10_bda3c23d56.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX 6000i RT3U G2 UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5000i_RT_3_U_G2_UPS_10_bda3c23d56.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="611">

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