Diane Cotter knew cancer was a risk of her husband’s job. Paul had been a firefighter for 27 years, and they had been advised of not only the safety risks, but also the health implications from exposure to diesel exhaust and products of combustion. But when Paul, a 55-year-old in great shape, who ate healthy and took care of himself, received a prostate cancer diagnosis, Diane suspected something other than smoke was the culprit.A hunch drew her to consider his gear — the protective clothing that had kept him safe as he rushed into burning buildings, saved lives and put out fires. As it turned out, that gear may have been a cause of his cancer.Firefighter gear is complex — it has to be able to withstand both fire and water, and to resist extreme temperatures. The multiple layers — a thermal liner, a moisture barrier and an outer shell — must pass the National Fire Protection Association standards. Research had been done to study the gear and its textiles, but little existed about the chemical coatings on the gear that make it so effective.Determined to learn more, Diane began digging. She emailed firefighters, activists, manufacturers. Many tried to shrug her off, but she was persistent. She pored over safety recalls, international regulations. Finally, she received a tip: Ask if the chemicals PFOA or PFOS are present in the gear.Her research led her to believe that yes, chemicals known collectively as PFAS must be present in the gear, but manufacturers refused to provide information about the chemical content. And so she began looking for someone who could independently assess the clothing and give her an answer.“What we didn't know was how much of these coatings were on the turnout gear and we didn’t have the chemical breakdown,” she says. “And we had no one to tell us what was in the coatings until we found Dr. Peaslee.”<figure class="image image_resized" style="width:50%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:687/375;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/University_of_Notre_Dame_Matt_Cashore_To_Protect_the_Protectors_Graham_Peaslee_professor_of_physics_e021134945.jpg" alt="University of Notre Dame: Graham Peaslee." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_University_of_Notre_Dame_Matt_Cashore_To_Protect_the_Protectors_Graham_Peaslee_professor_of_physics_e021134945.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="687" height="375"></figure><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://physics.nd.edu/people/faculty/graham-peaslee/">Graham Peaslee</a> is a professor of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://physics.nd.edu/">experimental nuclear physics</a> at Notre Dame. Peaslee had devoted 20 years of his career to fundamental physics research and teaching, but in 2005 a lake near his home was found to be contaminated with chemicals from flame retardants. He began researching the prevalence of toxic chemicals and was thrust into a merger of science and policy, of chemicals and human health.The experience tipped him off that harmful chemicals could be lurking in other unlikely places. He zeroed in on a class of fluorinated compounds, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, referred to as PFAS, which have been linked to thyroid disease, hypertension, immunosuppression, low birthweight and kidney and testicular cancers.“This is a really persistent class of chemicals,” says Peaslee. “It gets in the bloodstream; it stays there and can accumulate in the body. There are diseases that correlate with its presence, so we really don’t want this class of chemicals out there.”Peaslee explains that these chemicals, also known as PFOA, PFOS or GenX, are particularly dangerous because they don’t break down. They move from commercial products to landfills to soil to groundwater. They can be ingested by livestock, or end up in drinking water, as was the case in Little Hocking, Ohio, a community downriver from a DuPont plant that leaked PFAS into soil and water for more than 50 years. Similar stories come from communities around military bases where firefighting foam laden with the compounds eventually made it into drinking water.To identify markers of PFAS, scientists perform a complicated and lengthy chemical method. But Peaslee designed a novel technique that makes use of Notre Dame’s <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://isnap.nd.edu/research/facility/accelerator/">St. Andre particle accelerator</a>.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/University_of_Notre_Dame_Matt_Cashore_To_Protect_the_Protectors_Peaslee_s_team_tested_more_than_30_samples_of_used_and_unused_personal_protective_equipment_PPE_from_six_specialty_617941aa10.jpg" alt="University of Notre Dame: To identify markers of PFAS, scientists perform a complicated and lengthly chemical method. But Peaslee designed a novel technique that makes use of Notre Dame's St. Andre particle accelerator." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_University_of_Notre_Dame_Matt_Cashore_To_Protect_the_Protectors_Peaslee_s_team_tested_more_than_30_samples_of_used_and_unused_personal_protective_equipment_PPE_from_six_specialty_617941aa10.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1200" height="675">He explains their development of what he calls a rapid spectroscopic technique. “This is where you use light to interact with matter to measure something. It can analyze 100 times faster than the chemical method for the same sort of detection,” he says. “In that sense it's a development that nobody else has been able to do, because nobody uses nuclear science to screen for this type of chemical. While it doesn’t replace them, it is considerably faster than the chemical approaches and can be used to screen for the fate and transport of these chemicals in the environment.”His method got results in minutes, rather than hours, which allowed him to start testing many everyday items. Because PFAS are used in water, flame and oil resistance, they’re frequently used in consumer goods ranging from raincoats to nonstick pans to carpet to fast food wrappers. One of Peaslee’s studies discovered the presence of these chemicals in wrappers at 20 different fast food chains. Another study highlights cosmetics.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/University_of_Notre_Dame_Matt_Cashore_To_Protect_the_Protectors_4892ae919c.jpg" alt="University of Notre Dame: Fighting to Protect the Brave." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_University_of_Notre_Dame_Matt_Cashore_To_Protect_the_Protectors_4892ae919c.jpg 149w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1676">One result of these published studies is that consumer response has helped drive industries toward discontinuing use of the chemicals when it’s not necessary. Companies in the outerwear, furniture and food packaging industries are already making adjustments.In the midst of his extensive testing for PFAS on products, Peaslee received a plea for help.“I received an email from Diane, which was a heartfelt story about her husband's bout with cancer and that nobody would test her firefighting gear. I felt obliged to go and see if there was anything to her claims,” he says.“The firefighters that Diane knew volunteered several sets of used and new gear from around the country, and we started getting dozens of sets of turnout gear delivered to our laboratory. When we looked at the gear, there was a remarkable consistency in how they were fabricated and the levels of fluorine that we were seeing in each of the layers of the gear. It was startling high,” he says. “There were perfluorinated compounds being used on the inside and the outside of this firefighting gear.”Digging further into the issue, Peaslee began testing gear that was new, used, washed and unwashed, to help determine the extent of the issue. He wanted to educate firefighters about the potential hazards.“Knowledge is empowerment,” he says. “These firefighters, men and women, are being exposed to something that they don’t know about. When they know about it they can mitigate the risks. They can treat the gear with respect and use it when they need it and then they can keep it separate from their lives when they don’t need it. For example, policies of where they keep the gear and where they store the gear might change, which is a pretty easy fix if it reduces your risk of exposure to the chemicals on the surface of the gear.”<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/University_of_Notre_Dame_Fighting_to_Protect_the_Brave_Digging_further_into_the_issue_Peaslee_began_testing_gear_that_was_new_used_washed_and_unwashed_to_help_determine_the_extent_of_f16069c980.jpg" alt="University of Notre Dame: Digging further into the issue, Peaslee began testing gear that was new, used, washed and unwashed, to help determine the extent of the issue. He wanted to educate firefighters about the potential hazards." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_University_of_Notre_Dame_Fighting_to_Protect_the_Brave_Digging_further_into_the_issue_Peaslee_began_testing_gear_that_was_new_used_washed_and_unwashed_to_help_determine_the_extent_of_f16069c980.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="626">In April, Peaslee shared his findings at the Fire Department Instructors Conference International, which had more than 35,000 attendees. The Cotters also continue to advocate for change for firefighters, now with Peaslee’s findings as backing for their cause.Diane says, “What we know is that the chemical coatings have been used for at least 20 years. We never knew how much until Dr. Peaslee discovered, with his own specific testing methods, the amounts that are used. We've been told trace amounts, which, to us, is trying to minimize the issue, when in fact we really should be sounding the alarm on the issue.”Now certain that there are toxic chemicals in the gear, Diane believes some manufacturers may have knowingly withheld that information. Peaslee was able to provide undeniable evidence that now needs to be addressed. Because of him, she says, the discussion has begun.<blockquote><h4>“Scientists have to learn to communicate when there's an issue like this, and not just do it in the safety of a laboratory.”</h4></blockquote>Peaslee is quick to shrug off any praise and insists he’s doing what all scientists should.He says, “Scientists have to learn to communicate when there's an issue like this, and not just do it in the safety of a laboratory. But to get out and talk to people about what may in fact impact them.”“The reason I came to Notre Dame was that they had a facility that was different from what’s available anywhere else in the world. It has cutting-edge research facilities,” he says. “Their mission states that they are a university that wishes to give back to its community. I identify strongly with that mission.”As research and awareness on PFAS has grown, so have efforts to reduce and eliminate their use. European firefighters are already moving away from PFAS in their gear.In February, the EPA announced a maximum contaminant level for drinking water and also proposed enforcement tools for parties leaking PFAS into the environment.In June, a bipartisan amendment passed that required the military to phase PFAS chemicals out of firefighting foam by 2023 — a response to alarming amounts of PFAS in contaminated drinking water at more than 175 military bases to date.The state of Washington was the first to pass legislation to restrict the use of PFAS. In March 2018, the Healthy Food Packaging Act banned PFAS chemicals in paper food packaging. Another bill championed by the Washington State Council of Fire Fighters bans firefighting foams with added PFAS and requires gear containing the chemical to carry a warning. By 2020, the state will designate a list of other consumer products to remove PFAS.Meanwhile, several corporations have independently gone PFAS-free. Whole Foods Market pulled takeout packaging that contained PFAS, and Kaiser Permanente, one of the largest health care providers in the U.S., and Google have banned the use of PFAS in finishes and materials it uses for building projects.Today, Paul is cancer-free, but Diane isn’t willing to give up the fight to protect other firefighters.“My husband leaving the fire department was probably the hardest thing we’ve had to endure. Even harder than the cancer, but we’re blessed because he’s survived it,” she says. “At this point in our lives, we’re fighting for change because it’s that important. We have family and friends, not just here in the United States, but across all the lands, across the planet, in Australia, Europe, Italy, who are asking the same questions. And Dr. Peaslee’s findings have an international impact.”For questions regarding Professor Peaslee’s research, please contact him at <a href="mailto:gpeaslee@nd.edu">gpeaslee@nd.edu</a>.

Fighting to Protect the Brave

IOCB Prague is celebrating two significant achievements in the field of scientific research. Dr. Tomáš Pluskal, who leads a research group at the institute, has been accepted into the prestigious ‘Young Investigator Programme’ of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) and has also secured one of Europe’s most competitive grants from the European Research Council (ERC).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Tomas_Pluskal_receives_ERC_grant_and_joins_EMBO_Dr_Tomas_Pluskal_head_of_the_Biochemistry_of_Plant_Specialized_Metabolites_group_at_IOCB_Prague_d87373d9fa.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague: Dr. Tomáš Pluskal, head of the Biochemistry of Plant Specialized Metabolites group at IOCB Prague." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Tomas_Pluskal_receives_ERC_grant_and_joins_EMBO_Dr_Tomas_Pluskal_head_of_the_Biochemistry_of_Plant_Specialized_Metabolites_group_at_IOCB_Prague_d87373d9fa.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2048" height="1367"><div>Dr. Pluskal's project, TerpenCode, caught the attention of the ERC with its innovative application of machine learning in biochemistry. The project seeks to overcome longstanding obstacles in enzyme development. Currently, it is impossible to accurately predict the functions of newly discovered enzymes or to generate enzymes for specific reactions. Dr. Pluskal has been awarded an ERC Consolidator Grant to pursue this project, securing more than 2 million euros for the next five years.“Progress in this field has been slow and remains highly limited. We’re currently capable of creating new versions of known enzymes, but no one has yet managed to develop entirely new enzymes for reactions we’ve never seen before,” explains <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pluskal.group.uochb.cz/en">Tomáš Pluskal</a> why he decided to focus his research on this area.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Tomas_Pluskal_receives_ERC_grant_and_joins_EMBO_Tomas_Pluskal_Group_ad9d65dff1.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague: Tomáš Pluskal Group." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Tomas_Pluskal_receives_ERC_grant_and_joins_EMBO_Tomas_Pluskal_Group_ad9d65dff1.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1333">If these barriers are overcome, the result could be more efficient and environmentally sustainable production of pharmaceuticals, fragrances, biofuels, and other valuable chemical substances. Enzymes play a key role in biotechnology because they catalyze chemical reactions that are often difficult to achieve through organic synthesis.With six active ERC grants and a total of nine awarded in its history, IOCB Prague is among the top Czech institutions in obtaining this prestigious European funding.In addition to the ERC grant, Dr. Pluskal has also secured a position in the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO). EMBO’s mission is to connect young, talented researchers with distinguished experts in the field. The ‘Young Investigator Programme’ offers more than just networking – it provides smaller grants, training opportunities, and mentorship.Membership in this elite scientific community highlights the global potential of Dr. Pluskal's research. EMBO aims to nurture this potential, supporting cutting-edge research that could have a profound impact on society at large.</div>

Tomáš Pluskal receives ERC grant and joins EMBO

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 2nd December 2024? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications by Agilent Technologies and Thermo Fisher Scientific, a poster from AOAC by Shimadzu, and a poster from ASMS by LECO!<h4>1. Agilent Technologies: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_terpene_cannabis_gc_fid_5994_7684en_agilent_1_2d2cf2f631.pdf">Fast Analysis of 22 Terpenes in Hemp and Cannabis with the Agilent 9000 Intuvo GC with FID using Hydrogen Carrier Gas</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>AbstractThis application note describes the procedure for the analysis of 22 common terpenes in cannabis and hemp using the Agilent Intuvo gas chromatograph (GC) and flame ionization detector (FID), with hydrogen carrier gas, and post column backflush. The GC injection‑to‑injection cycle time was 10 minutes allowing for six samples per hour. A group of 1,200 hemp samples were analyzed to test the robustness of the method, and to determine a maintenance schedule.IntroductionTerpenes are the main flavor and aromatic components of cannabis and hemp. Strains can be identified by their specific fingerprint for these terpenes. The abundance of particular terpenes may also indicate the character and usefulness of a particular strain. This identification also allows cultivators to monitor the consistency of their particular strains from one crop to the next, and to maintain better quality control. With ever‑increasing varieties of cannabis flowers and the number of individual tests performed, the overall speed of analysis time has become more important.Helium has been used as the carrier gas for most GC analyses. Recent limitations on its availability have added to the cost of testing. This application focuses on a fast and robust analysis of 22 of the most common terpenes found for strain identification, as well as providing information for labeling purposes. This application utilizes hydrogen carrier gas with flame ionization detection (FID) to help shorten the analysis time and therefore, keep the cost per sample down.ConclusionThis method proved to be a very robust, high throughput method with a GC cycle time of only 10 minutes (6 samples/hour). This study showed that the regular maintenance of changing liners, septa, and Guard Chips when needed, maintained retention time and curve stability. The use of backflushing helped keep the Guard Chip and inlet cleaner and minimized maintenance.All calibration curves showed great linear response across the concentration range, through all 12 calibration standards, as seen in Figure 3.Reminders can be set up using counters to alert the analyst when maintenance is needed according to the user's desired sample load. Being careful to install the liner in the same fashion helps to keep the tolerance of the CCV results within the ± 20% limits. It is noted and shown in Figure 4 that there may be additional terpenes present in samples that are not covered by the terpenes in the standards for this application. If this is of concern, a more encompassing standard may be used. Also, using a mass spectral detector may be more beneficial for the application.2 Other matrices may require a revised maintenance schedule.<h4>2. LECO / <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/296">ASMS</a>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/NIST_LIBRARY_MATCH_QUALITY_HRT_MMS_CF_ASMS_24_LPSS_320_90d3c6e8c9.pdf">Evaluation of the NIST Library Matching Quality of Mass Spectra Generated by the GC-HR-TOFMS with Multi-Mode Ionization Source</a></h4><ul><li>Poster (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/296">ASMS</a>)</li></ul>IntroductionComparison of electron ionization spectra against standardized libraries is a staple approach to compound identification in non-targeted GC-MS analysis. High-quality matches are central to the pace of, and confidence in, such analyses. Recent developments in gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry have progressed non-targeted analysis applications to a wide variety of studies. However, modern ion-optical design principles which allow gains in sensitivity and resolving power may inadvertently alter fragmentation patterns, which may in turn affect the reliability of automated comparisons against standard libraries. Thus, thorough evaluation and validation of the high-quality spectra matching to the standard libraries, like NIST, is necessary for comprehensive assessment of the promised benefits of new technologies.ConclusionsThis multi-mode ionization source, as assessed using these 207 diverse analytes, generates fragmentation patterns which align very well with the NIST spectral library. Across all analytes in standard solutions, the mean library match score was 935 and the standard deviation for this value was 24.2. Mean match scores were agreeable regardless of moieties present. Percent differences for MRPS #2 spiked into a Pu’er Tea and MRPS #8 spiked into a dietary supplement were - 3.75 % and -1.44 %, illustrating how the system can easily maintain spectral confidence even in complex matrices. Overall, this study suggests the electron ionization mode of this multi-mode ion source, in combination with its high-resolution time of flight mass analyzer, yields spectra in excellent agreement with the quadruple dominated NIST library.<h4>3. Shimadzu / <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/292">AOAC</a>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/aoac_2024_1_m034_5346b45c51.pdf">Qualification and Quantification of Residual Pesticides in Ginger by GCMS using Simultaneous Ultra-fast Scan and SIM</a></h4><ul><li>Poster (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/292">AOAC</a>)</li></ul>IntroductionInterest in food safety has grown, resulting in a trend of tightening global regulations for residual pesticides in produce. Selected Ion monitoring (SIM) in GC/MS is a common technique used for pesticide analysis while Scan mode is often used in non-targeted screening.This study demonstrates a SIM analysis of pesticides, including calibration and repeatability in ginger root matrix. In addition to targeted analysis, in this work we performed simultaneous untargeted analysis with Ultra-fast Scan analysis, maximizing the use of the GCMS-QP2050. NIST library search results are shown for untargeted components.ConclusionThe GCMS-QP2050 demonstrates sensitivity and reproducibility in analyzing pesticides in produce using SIM data obtained from simultaneous Scan/SIM analysis. Ultra-fast scan supports accurate identification of target compounds alongside SIM analysis without interference. Scan results provide MS spectrum patterns for identifying unknown compounds, assisting in non-target screening.<h4>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_002549_gc_ms_hesaver_h2safer_epa_1668_pcbs_an002549_na_en_4b122a7fbb.pdf">Environmental analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at reduced running costs using hydrogen as carrier gas</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>GoalThe aim of this application note is to compare the performance of the Thermo Scientific™ TSQ™ 9610 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled to the Thermo Scientific™ TRACE ™ 1610 GC with hydrogen versus helium as the carrier gas for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls. For guidance on the analytical performance of the proposed method, acceptance criteria as per U.S. EPA Method 1668 were considered.IntroductionPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of industrial organic chemicals consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine atoms. Due to their non-flammability, chemical stability, high boiling point, and electrical insulating properties, PCBs were used in hundreds of industrial and commercial applications including electrical, hydraulic equipment, plasticizers, plastics, rubber products, and dyes. The production of these compounds has been banned in the United States since 19771 because of their persistence in the environment and their tendency to enter the food chain and bioaccumulate in living organisms due to their lipophilicity.There are currently 209 known PCBs congeners that can be divided into two groups according to their structural and toxicological characteristics:<ul><li>Non-dioxin-like PCBs (non-DL-PCBs), which represent the majority of the PCB congeners, are characterized by a lower degree of toxicity.</li><li>Dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) include the 12 most toxic congeners (non‐ortho PCBs 77, 81, 126, 169 and mono‐ortho PCBs 105, 114, 118, 123, 156, 157, 167, 189), which have structures and toxicities similar to dioxins.</li></ul>DL-PCBs are classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and they have been regulated under the Stockholm Convention for POPs since 2001.2 Following the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) developed an analytical method, U.S. EPA Method 1668 and following revisions3 that can be applied for the determination of PCBs in wastewater, surface waters, soil, sediments, biosolids, and tissue matrices using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS).3 However, recent advances in gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry allow for high sensitivity and selectivity, leading to the consideration of GC-MS/MS as a reliable tool for PCBs analysis.This application note reproduces the experiments described in a previously published application note,4 where polychlorinated biphenyls were analyzed using helium carrier gas. Here, helium was replaced by hydrogen. Additionally, the Thermo Scientific™ HeSaver-H2Safer™ carrier gas saving technology was applied. HeSaver-H2Safer technology offers a unique solution for laboratories to minimize carrier gas consumption during both standby and operational modes. When helium is used as carrier gas, the consumption can be drastically reduced without any changes to the analytical method or deterioration of performance. However, the Split-Splitless (SSL) injector modified to work in the HeSaver-H2 Safer mode can be used also in conjunction with hydrogen as a carrier gas, where the limited and fixed carrier gas flow allows for safe usage without the need to install additional sensors. At the same time, the hydrogen gas consumption is equally reduced and will lead to further cost savings, allowing laboratories to run their instrumentation longer on a single gas tank or using gas generators.SummaryThe HeSaver-H2Safer inlet allows laboratories full flexibility to select the carrier gas of choice between helium and hydrogen, while achieving a significant reduction of the consumption. With a simple upgrade to the standard Thermo Scientific™ iConnect SSL injector, the HeSaver-H2Safer inlet allows for the use of an inert and inexpensive gas for inlet pressurization, whereas the main carrier gas flow is limited to the column flow only.<ul><li>The use of hydrogen as carrier gas has been demonstrated as an alternative to helium for the analysis of PCBs, reducing the overall cost of running the laboratory.</li><li>The use of the HeSaver-H2Safer inlet reduces the amount of hydrogen going into the gas chromatography system such that safe operation is assured anytime, and no hydrogen sensor is needed inside the GC oven.</li><li>Hydrogen did not affect the linearity range; all compounds showed a linear response from 0.1 to 2000 ppb, with avarage R 2 &gt;0.999.</li><li>The TSQ 9610 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer provided excellent IDLs with hydrogen carrier gas, comparable to those obtained with helium.</li><li>The variation of ion ratios was less than 12% for all PCBs at 0.05 ppb.</li></ul>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 49, 2024

Electrons can behave very differently depending on how much energy they have. Whether you shoot an electron with high or low energy into a solid body determines which effects can be triggered. Electrons with low energy can be responsible for the development of cancer, for example, but conversely they can also be used to destroy tumors. They are also important in technology, for example for the production of tiny structures in microelectronics.These slow electrons, however, are extremely difficult to measure. Knowledge about their behaviour in solid materials is limited, and often scientists can only rely on trial and error. However, TU Wien has now succeeded in obtaining valuable new information about the behaviour of these electrons: Fast electrons are used to generate slow electrons directly in the material. This allows details to be deciphered that were previously inaccessible experimentally. The method has now been presented in the journal ‘Physical Review Letters’.<h4>Two types of electrons at the same time</h4>“We are interested in what the slow electrons do inside a material, for example inside a crystal or inside a living cell,” says Prof Wolfgang Werner from the Institute of Applied Physics at TU Wien. “To find out, you would actually have to build a mini-laboratory directly in the material to be able to measure directly on site. But that's not possible, of course."You can only measure electrons that come out of the material, but that doesn't tell you where in the material they were released and what has happened to them since then. The team at TU Wien solved this problem with the help of fast electrons that penetrate the material and stimulate various processes there. For example, these fast electrons can disturb the balance between the positive and negative electrical charges of the material, which can then lead to another electron detaching itself from its place, travelling at a relatively low speed and in some cases escaping from the material.The crucial step now is to measure these different electrons simultaneously: “On the one hand, we shoot an electron into the material and measure its energy when it leaves again. On the other hand, we also measure which slow electrons come out of the material at the same time.” And by combining this data, it is possible to obtain information that was previously inaccessible.<h4>Not a wild cascade, but a series of collisions</h4>The amount of energy that the fast electron has lost on its journey through the material provides information on how deeply it has penetrated the material. This in turn provides information about the depth at which the slower electrons were released from their place.This data can now be used to calculate to what extent and in what way the slow electrons in the material release their energy. Numerical theories on this can be reliably validated for the first time using the data.This led to a surprise: it was previously thought that the release of electrons in the material took place in a cascade: A fast electron enters the material and hits another electron, which is then ripped away from its place, causing two electrons to move. These two electrons would then remove two more electrons from their place, and so on. The new data show that this is not true: instead, the fast electron undergoes a series of collisions, but always retains a large part of its energy and only one comparatively slow electron is detached from its place in each of these interactions.“Our new method offers opportunities in very different areas,” says Wolfgang Werner. “We can now finally investigate how the electrons release energy in their interaction with the material. It is precisely this energy that determines whether tumor cells can be destroyed in cancer therapy, for example, or whether the finest details of a semiconductor structure can be correctly formed in electron beam lithography.”

New method unravels the mystery of slow electrons

Metabolomics and sensory evaluation of white asparagus ingredients in instant soups unveil important (off-)flavours

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 9th December 2024? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications and other documents by Agilent Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and Shimadzu!<h4>1. Shimadzu: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/c146_e456_89137ab83b.pdf">Smart Metabolites Database Ver. 2</a></h4><ul><li>Brochure</li></ul>Supporting food development with newly added sugars and functional compoundsThe Smart Metabolites Database ™ is a GC-MS(/MS) database that contains the information needed for analyzing metabolic compounds. Ver. 2 contains an additional number of registered compounds, focusing on plant secondary metabolites, such as catechins and chlorogenic acids, that are garnering interest as functional compounds, for more expansive analysis of food samples. In total, the Smart Metabolites Database Ver. 2 enables simultaneous analysis of more than 600 compounds, making it a powerful tool for marker discovery in metabolomics analysis.The database also offers dedicated methods for fatty acids, and sugars and provides total support for metabolic compound analysis.This database was developed through guidance from the Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, the Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Hyogo College of Medicine and Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University. Part of this database was obtained as a result of development work related to the project for "Development of fundamental technologies for promoting industrial application of human stem cells and development of fundamental evaluation technologies for practical application of human stem cells" commissioned by Japan's New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).<ul><li>Automated, Highly Sensitive Detection of Metabolic Compounds by MRM Measurement</li><li>Time and Labor Savings</li><li>Offers Quantitative Sugar Analysis</li><li>Total Support for Food Metabolomics Analysis</li></ul><h4>2. Agilent Technologies: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_catalytic_ammonia_cracking_990_micro_gc_5994_7904en_agilent_63738c6157.pdf">Catalytic Ammonia Cracking: Reaction Monitoring Using the Agilent 990 Micro GC System</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>AbstractAmmonia (NH3) decomposition facilitates hydrogen production. Monitoring the reactants and contaminants of ammonia decomposition, including NH3, H2, N2, and H2O, is highly important for catalytic performance as well as activity measurements. In this work, an Agilent 990 Micro GC system configured with an Agilent CP‑Molsieve channel and an Agilent CP‑Volamine channel is demonstrated to analyze NH3, H2, N2, and H2O across a wide concentration range. Notably, the analysis can be completed within one minute. The method's performance, including repeatability, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and carryover was evaluated, and the results were satisfactory.IntroductionNH3 has tremendous potential as a clean liquid fuel. NH3 may play an essential role in the decarbonization of hard‑to‑abate sectors, such as shipping, power generation, and heavy‑duty transportation, which will accelerate the global journey to net zero and facilitate sustainable development.1 Composed entirely of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3 itself can be employed as an energy source with the potential for zero "tailpipe" carbon emissions. NH3 can also be catalytically decomposed to its constituent elements as a convenient way to transport and store clean hydrogen.2The ammonia decomposition reaction (2NH3 &amp; N2 + 3H2) facilitates hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2) production. Each mole of NH3 generates two moles of gas (0.5 mol N2, 1.5 mol H2), creating a self‑dilution effect. As a result, a reactor at 50% conversion with an ultrahigh purity NH3 feed will create an effluent stream containing only 33% NH3. Therefore, the conversion must be calculated using Equation 1.Failure to calculate conversion using Equation 1 may lead to erroneous measurements of catalytic performance and can inflate the perceived activity (for example, 50 versus 67% conversion).With the constant improvement of emission‑free, high‑energy‑density, ammonia‑based power solutions, there is a pressing need for monitoring reactants and contaminants. Monitoring devices should be capable of measuring the required components (NH3, H2, N2, and H2O) over a wide concentration range. Furthermore, these devices should have a short response time, be inert towards reactants, and, if possible, be able to monitor multiple reactor systems or lines.For this work, a 990 Micro GC system was used to measure NH3, H2, N2, and H2O simultaneously. While the analysis of N2 and H2 using a Molsieve column in gas chromatography is well established, the methods for analyzing water and ammonia are less developed.In previous studies, the basic analysis of NH3 (up to concentrations of 20%) was demonstrated using a CP‑Volamine channel. In a six‑month robustness test, the 990 Micro GC system and the CP‑Volamine analytical channel both proved to be effective and durable over an extended period of time.3 The J&amp;W CP‑Volamine column used in the channel is a relatively nonpolar column that is highly effective for the analysis of NH3 or other polar components. A unique deactivation process is applied during manufacturing, which gives higher quality peak shapes for NH3 compared to other column chemistries or deactivation processes. Higher quality peak symmetry can lead to lower detection limits, higher precision, and improved accuracy. The goal of this study was to demonstrate that the 990 Micro GC system can effectively analyze 100% NH3 without compromising performance or robustness.ConclusionThis application note demonstrates the capabilities of an Agilent 990 Micro GC system for monitoring NH3, N2, H2, and H2O in the feed and product streams of ammonia cracking reactors. The system has been shown to be effective across a wide range of concentrations.This two‑channel configuration used a 15 m Agilent CP‑Volamine straight channel and a 10 m Agilent CP‑Molsieve backflush channel, performing exceptionally well for NH3, N2, and H2.The system was equipped with a stream selection valve (SSV), allowing easy switching between the bulk ammonia source, the low concentration reformate side of the reactor, and the calibration gas flows. The SSV also makes it possible to monitor multiple reactors with a single instrument and is amenable to high‑throughput or piloting studies.This 990 Micro GC setup has demonstrated exceptional repeatability and linearity, a rapid cycle time (&lt; 1 minute), and a robustness towards ammonia as a bulk sample.<h4>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/sl_003311_gc_vacuum_probe_interlock_nevervent_food_beverage_sl003311_na_en_529ea8c8af.pdf">How NeverVent technology enables consistent uptime for continued lab operation</a></h4><ul><li>Technical note</li></ul>Benefit summary<ul><li>Eliminates unnecessary downtime</li><li>Maintains productivity</li><li>Simplifies maintenance</li><li>Enables disruption-free ionization type change</li><li>Increases ROI</li></ul>What is NeverVent technology and how does it work?Thermo Scientific™ NeverVent ™ technology is unique to Thermo Fisher Scientific’s GC-MS products. It allows for routine maintenance, exchange of ionization mode, and direct probe work to be performed without the need to break the vacuum of the mass spectrometer:<ul><li>Removing/replacing the ionization source: Utilizing the vacuum probe interlock (VPI) in combination with an isolation valve, the ionization source can be removed the from the system without venting the MS. The source can either be cleaned or replaced with a spare clean source, and samples can be run without long stabilization times which would be required if the system was vented.</li><li>Changing ionization type: Using the VPI, the ionization source can be replaced with a different type of ionization source, for example, switching from Electron Ionization (EI) to Chemical ionization (CI) within a few minutes.</li><li>Using direct sampling probes: The VPI also allows the use of direct probes on some NeverVent GC-MS systems. This enables direct sampling into the MS system, bypassing the GC separation, and is useful in compound characterization and when analyzing very difficult to volatilize samples like oils or metal complexes.</li><li>Changing the GC column without venting: When performing common column maintenance like trimming, or replacing the column entirely, the V-Lock Source Plug allows the MS to be sealed off from inside the manifold. Columns can be exchanged or maintained without ever breaking vacuum.</li></ul>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 50, 2024

<h5>Our gas chromatography specialist brings you today 5 tips on what to watch out for in gas chromatography:</h5>#1 The carrier gas must be of hight purity. Even a small concentration of impurities can react undesirably with the sample or the column. In practice, this will be manifested, for example, by the appearance of false peaks, reduced sensitivity or an increase in detector noise. In extreme cases, irreversible damage to the device may occur.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_1_The_carrier_gas_must_be_of_hight_purity_f050a9110e.jpg" alt="Watrex - #1 The carrier gas must be of hight purity" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_1_The_carrier_gas_must_be_of_hight_purity_f050a9110e.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="768" height="768">#2 Use a quality two-stage reduction valve with a metal diaphragm. Inexpensive reducing valves are usually equipped with a rubber membrane through which oxygen and other impurities from the environment can diffuse. This dramatically reduces the quality of the carrier gas.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_2_Use_a_quality_two_stage_reduction_valve_with_a_metal_diaphragm_2e2a5fd878.jpg" alt="Watrex: #2 Use a quality two-stage reduction valve with a metal diaphragm " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_2_Use_a_quality_two_stage_reduction_valve_with_a_metal_diaphragm_2e2a5fd878.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="768" height="768">#3 It is necessary to ensure the tightness and cleanliness of the injection port.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_3_It_is_necessary_to_ensure_the_tightness_and_cleanliness_of_the_injection_port_a6f4840874.jpg" alt="Watrex: #3 It is necessary to ensure the tightness and cleanliness of the injection port " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_3_It_is_necessary_to_ensure_the_tightness_and_cleanliness_of_the_injection_port_a6f4840874.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="768" height="768">#4 Especially at higher temperatures, irreversible degeneration occurs in a number of columns, which can be exacerbated by the presence of oxygen and water. Therefore, the column needs to be under a constant flow of clean carrier gas.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_4_The_column_needs_to_be_under_a_constant_flow_of_clean_carrier_gas_2727bbb8f2.jpg" alt="Watrex: #4 The column needs to be under a constant flow of clean carrier gas " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_4_The_column_needs_to_be_under_a_constant_flow_of_clean_carrier_gas_2727bbb8f2.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="768" height="768">#5 Most detectors contain parts heated to a high temperature. If they come into contact with oxygen under these conditions, oxidation of their surface occurs, which can lead to their damage or permanent change in properties. Therefore, it is necessary for the detectors to be constantly flushed with clean operating gases during operation.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_5_It_is_necessary_for_the_detectors_to_be_constantly_flushed_with_clean_operating_gases_during_operation_02b8cb1511.jpg" alt="Watrex: #5 It is necessary for the detectors to be constantly flushed with clean operating gases during operation" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_5_It_is_necessary_for_the_detectors_to_be_constantly_flushed_with_clean_operating_gases_during_operation_02b8cb1511.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="768" height="768">

5 things to watch out for with GC

In the week from December 16, the following webinars await you in the field of gas / solid phase and especially Raman, FTIR, GC and GC/MS.<blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 3 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. Agilent Technologies: Raman Spectroscopy for Pharmaceutical Applications</h5><div><div><ul><li><div>Tu, 17.12.2024 21:30 CET</div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4538">Registration</a></div></li></ul></div>Agilent Raman spectrometers use proprietary spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) and transmission Raman spectroscopy (TRS) in pharmaceutical raw material verification and quality control.</div><h5>2.&nbsp;Agilent Technologies: An Overview of GC Column Selection for Traditional and New Methods for the Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs)</h5><div><div><ul><li><div>We, 18.12.2024 17:00 CET</div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4512">Registration</a></div></li></ul></div>We will discuss innovative technologies in GC column chemistries that can be applied for fast and accurate analysis of fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs).</div><h5>3.&nbsp;Separation Science/Agilent Technologies:&nbsp;Implementing Manufacturer’s GC/MS Tune Verification Acceptance Criteria for SW-846 Methods 8260 and 8270</h5><div><div><ul><li><div>We, 18.12.2024 18:00 CET</div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4547">Registration</a></div></li></ul></div>Attendees will learn about the intent of tune evaluation criteria in GC/MS analytical methods to align with modern performance standards.</div><h5>4.&nbsp;Separation Science/Agilent Technologies: Get the Most Out of Your MS: Novel Column Chemistry Raises the Bar on Sensitivity and Data Accuracy</h5><div><div><ul><li><div>Th, 19.12.2024 06:00 CET</div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4541">Registration</a></div></li></ul></div>We’ll examine how column attributes like bleed, thermal stability, and inertness can translate into practical data quality improvements.</div>

Webinars LabRulezGCMS Week 51/2024

<h4>Here's what Clarity 10.0 offers:</h4>For a comprehensive function overview, please refer to the full details on our website. Also, check our Upgrade policy.&nbsp;<ul style="margin-top:0px;"><li>Dual Chromatogram Mode: two samples can be measured during one analysis using dual tower or dual loop samplers.</li><li>Extended GLP options for regulated environments.</li><li>Many improvements for Clarity Extensions: MS, PDA, DHA, NGA.</li><li>Updated and new control modules.</li></ul>For a comprehensive function overview, please refer to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/news/140846/clarity-10-released">the full details on our website</a>. Also, check our <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/upgrade">Upgrade policy</a>.Upgrade now and experience Clarity 10.0!<blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-demo">GET FREE DEMO</a><ul><li>Check the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/version_history?product=1&amp;version=10.0">What is new</a>.</li><li>Read the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/downloads/140899/view">Clarity (Lite) 10 vs. 9.0</a> guide.</li></ul></blockquote>&nbsp;Thank you for your trust in our products,Your DataApex team<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Dataapex_Clarity_10_released_91e9897b7d.jpg" alt="Dataapex: Clarity 10 chromatography software released" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Dataapex_Clarity_10_released_91e9897b7d.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="800" height="550"><h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">DataApex Clarity Chromatography Software</a></h3>Clarity is a chromatography data software for data acquisition, processing, and instrument control in regulated environment. Clarity is a flexible solution for devices from different vendors, supporting different applications.Optional control modules provide integrated control of selected instruments such as GCs, LCs, pumps, detectors, autosamplers, etc. Extensions provide functions for specific separation techniques or calculations such as PDA, GPC analysis, Mass spectrometry, or SST. Clarity can run in English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, and Chinese language. Support technicians and developers are close to their users and ready to provide extensive Support from DataApex.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_3_4adabdd9a6/DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-3.png" alt="DataApex: Clarity Chromatography Software" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_3_4adabdd9a6/thumbnail_DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-3.png 230w," sizes="100vw" width="1862" height="1265">

Clarity 10 chromatography software released

Dear customers, partners, and friends,Thank you for your trust and support over the past year. It has been an honor to be part of your projects and to push the boundaries of science, technology and especially chromatography together.<h5>As we step into 2025, we wish you:</h5><ul><li>Health, happiness, and personal well-being</li><li>Success in all your professional and personal goals</li><li>Plenty of inspiration and innovative solutions</li></ul>We look forward to another year of collaboration, growth, and new opportunities. May 2025 be a year of success and joy for you all!Thank you for being with us.Yours,&nbsp;Watrex Praha<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Merry_Christmas_and_a_Happy_New_Year_2025_a8f65275d0.jpg" alt="Watrex: Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year 2025" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Merry_Christmas_and_a_Happy_New_Year_2025_a8f65275d0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="781">

Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year 2025

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Since 1991 DataApex develops and manufactures chromatography data stations. DataApex is constantly striving to provide users with efficient and up-to-date tools for chromatography data processing.

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Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year 2025

Clarity 10 chromatography software released

New method unravels the mystery of slow electrons

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 50, 2024

5 things to watch out for with GC

Metabolomics and sensory evaluation of white asparagus ingredients in instant soups unveil important (off-)flavours

Webinars LabRulezGCMS Week 51/2024

Tomáš Pluskal receives ERC grant and joins EMBO

Fighting to Protect the Brave

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 49, 2024

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