Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) has emerged as a transformative technique in analytical chemistry. While one-dimensional <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/gas-chromatography">gas chromatography</a> (1D-GC) provides effective separation for simpler mixtures, it often struggles with highly complex samples where hundreds to thousands of compounds may be present. In environmental, petrochemical, biological, and food-related analyses, hundreds to thousands of compounds may be present, many of which co-elute in one-dimensional systems. This limits the ability of 1D-GC to fully resolve such mixtures.To address these limitations, GC×GC introduces an additional dimension of separation. It combines complementary (ideally orthogonal) separation mechanisms with advanced modulation processes, thereby expanding the chromatographic separation space. This enables the resolution of compounds that would otherwise remain co-eluted or undetectable. As a result, GC×GC offers enhanced peak capacity, improved selectivity, and improved detectability through the signal-focusing effects of modulation. Readers new to the subject may benefit from first reviewing the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/resources/knowledge-center/gc-knowledge-center/basic-principles-of-gas-chromatography-separation-and-analysis">principles of gas chromatography</a>, which provide the foundation for understanding multidimensional methods such as GC×GC.The technique has gained increasing importance over the past two decades in fields such as environmental monitoring, petroleum refining, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/resources/knowledge-center/gc-knowledge-center/role-gas-chromatography-forensics">forensic toxicology</a>, metabolomics, and food science. Its ability to detect trace compounds and group-related analytes makes it invaluable for both research and industry.This article explores what GC×GC is, how it works, its advantages and applications, the challenges faced, and future innovations. Whether you are an analytical scientist, a laboratory professional, or someone seeking to understand advanced separation science, GC×GC demonstrates why 2D gas chromatography (2D-GC) is considered a true game-changer.<h3>What is Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC)?</h3>Two-Dimensional gas chromatography is an advanced analytical technique that separates complex mixtures using two columns with different stationary phases. Unlike 1D-GC, which relies on a single separation mechanism, GC×GC applies two complementary, often orthogonal, mechanisms in sequence, drastically improving resolution.In 1D-GC, compounds that share similar chemical properties often co-elute, making it difficult to identify or quantify them accurately. GC×GC resolves this by employing a primary column, typically non-polar, followed by a secondary column, usually polar or semi-polar. A modulator periodically collects and re-injects fractions from the first column into the second, ensuring comprehensive analysis. By integrating two separation dimensions, 2D gas chromatography boosts peak capacity, enabling clearer resolution and identification of hundreds to thousands of compounds, depending on the sample matrix.The primary goal of GC×GC is to maximize separation efficiency while maintaining sensitivity. Its advantages include increased peak capacity, reduced overlap, and structured chromatograms, where similar compounds group together. This structured output simplifies interpretation and enhances the reliability of results.GC×GC is not just an incremental improvement over 1D-GC but a significant leap in analyte separation. GC×GC is a cornerstone technique in modern analytical laboratories for the resolution of highly complex samples such as crude oil fractions or biological fluids. By expanding both separation space and sensitivity, GC×GC provides clearer insights into mixtures once thought unresolvable. Proper setup and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/article/5541">gas chromatography column installation</a> are critical to ensuring reproducibility and maximizing the benefits of two-dimensional separations.<h3>Principle and Working Mechanism of GC×GC</h3>The principle of GC×GC chromatography lies in orthogonality, which employs two different separation mechanisms to enhance resolution. In the first dimension, compounds are typically separated by volatility in the first dimension (non-polar column), followed by polarity or another property in the second dimension (polar or semi-polar column). In the second dimension, a column with a contrasting phase provides additional separation based on different chemical properties.At the heart of the process is the modulator. Thermal modulators are most common and work by trapping effluent from the first column in a cryogenic or heated zone, then releasing it in sharp, timed pulses into the second column. This ensures narrow injection bands, which improve peak capacity and resolution.The combined effect is a marked increase in separation space. Instead of a simple one-dimensional chromatogram, GC×GC produces a two-dimensional plane where peaks are distributed across retention times from both columns. Data visualization typically uses contour plots or color-coded maps, which allow easy identification of compound groups.GC×GC analysis also enhances detectability due to peak compression, making trace analytes more prominent. The result is a powerful technique that captures both the breadth and depth of chemical diversity within a sample. This dual-dimension approach underpins GC×GC’s reputation as a breakthrough in chromatographic science.<h3>Key Advantages of GC×GC</h3>Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography provides several important advantages that make it an essential technique for analyzing complex mixtures across diverse research areas.<ol><li>Improved peak capacity and resolution: By combining two orthogonal separations, GC×GC significantly increases the number of compounds that can be resolved compared to 1D-GC. This enhanced separation is especially useful in petrochemicals and environmental samples, where pollutants often overlap in simpler chromatograms.</li><li>Enhanced separation of complex mixtures: 2D gas chromatography easily separates hundreds or thousands of analytes from a complex mixture. Its structured separation allows co-eluting compounds to be clearly distinguished that would otherwise remain unresolved in 1D-GC.</li><li>Improved detectability of trace compounds due to modulation-induced peak focusing: The modulation process compresses analyte peaks, leading to sharper signals and improved signal-to-noise ratios. This makes it possible to detect trace-level compounds, which is critical in applications such as environmental pollution monitoring or biomarker discovery in biological samples.</li><li>Structured chromatograms for compound grouping: GC×GC produces organized chromatograms where chemically similar compounds cluster into recognizable patterns. For example, hydrocarbons align in diagonal bands, simplifying pattern recognition and aiding identification.</li></ol>Together, these advantages help transform GC×GC chromatographic analysis from a linear process into a comprehensive two-dimensional mapping of chemical diversity, providing insights that were previously inaccessible.<h3>Common Applications of GC×GC</h3>Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography has become an essential tool across many industries for the analysis of highly complex compounds. Its wide range of applications demonstrates its capabilities beyond those of 1D-GC methods.<h4>Environmental analysis</h4>GC×GC is widely used to monitor pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air, soil, and water. Its enhanced separation capacity allows for reliable detection of trace contaminants even in highly complex environmental matrices.<h4>Petrochemical and fuel analysis</h4>In petroleum refining and petrochemical industries, GC×GC plays a key role in characterizing crude oil fractions, fuels, and lubricants. It provides detailed hydrocarbon fingerprints, helping optimize refining processes and assess product quality.<h4>Food and flavor profiling</h4>Food chemistry benefits from GC×GC in profiling flavors, aromas, and contaminants. For instance, it can distinguish subtle differences in coffee volatiles or detect adulterants in essential oils.<h4>Forensic and toxicology screening</h4>In forensic science, GC×GC helps identify drugs, explosives, and poisons from complex biological and environmental samples. Its high sensitivity is particularly valuable for toxicology screenings where minute concentrations must be quantified.<h4>Metabolomics and biological samples</h4>GC×GC enables comprehensive profiling of metabolites in biological fluids and tissues. Its ability to reveal biomarker patterns supports research in personalized medicine, disease diagnostics, and systems biology.<h3>Challenges and Limitations of GC×GC</h3>Despite its remarkable capabilities, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography presents several challenges that can limit its widespread use.<ul><li>One major barrier is instrumentation cost. GC×GC systems are considerably more expensive than conventional one-dimensional GC setups, as they require advanced modulators, specialized detectors, and robust temperature control. This makes adoption difficult for smaller laboratories with limited budgets.</li><li>Another issue is technical complexity. The method demands precise control of operating parameters such as flow rates, temperature programming, and modulation timing. Small variations can affect reproducibility, meaning that highly trained personnel are essential for reliable operation.</li><li>Data analysis represents a further challenge. The large two-dimensional datasets generated by GC×GC require sophisticated software tools for visualization and interpretation. Without advanced contour plotting and peak-processing capabilities, researchers may struggle to extract meaningful insights.</li><li>While GC×GC improves separation, unambiguous structural isomer identification often requires hyphenation with mass spectrometry (GC×GC–MS). While GC×GC effectively separates complex mixtures, distinguishing structural isomers often requires coupling with detectors such as mass spectrometry (GC×GC–MS). In addition, sample preparation can be labor-intensive, particularly with biological or environmental samples that need cleanup to prevent interferences.</li></ul>Although these hurdles exist, improvements in software, automation, and instrument design are steadily reducing these limitations, paving the way for broader adoption of GC×GC across industries.<h3>Future Trends and Innovations in GC×GC</h3>The field of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography is advancing rapidly, with several innovations shaping its future role in analytical science. These developments aim to make the technique more powerful, user-friendly, and accessible to a broader range of laboratories.One promising direction is the rise of miniaturized and portable GC×GC systems, which bring advanced separation capabilities to field settings such as environmental monitoring or on-site forensic testing. At the same time, integration with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is enabling more precise compound identification, particularly for complex isomeric mixtures.Another key trend is automation in data analysis. The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning is simplifying the interpretation of large, multidimensional datasets, reducing the need for extensive manual processing. Enhanced modulators are also being developed, improving sensitivity, minimizing sample loss, and ensuring robust performance across varied applications.In addition, there is a growing emphasis on green analytical chemistry. Efforts to lower energy consumption, reduce solvent use, and create more sustainable workflows are aligning GC×GC with environmentally responsible laboratory practices.Finally, broader clinical applications are emerging for 2D-GC, from breathomics to biomarker discovery in precision medicine. Collectively, these innovations indicate that GC×GC is evolving from a niche technique into a widely adopted analytical platform with significant scientific and industrial impact.

Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 33, 2026

Join us for a free two-day LECO Separation Science Workshop on September 23–24, 2026, at the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/219">C³AL Laboratory</a> at Cal State LA. Registration is free, and meals and refreshments will be provided throughout the workshop.&nbsp;<h4>Registration</h4><blockquote>👉<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://forms.cloud.microsoft/pages/responsepage.aspx?id=iYeNbqIuykW7qZP4_jUEVbznDB40eK1PgjPzhHyb__9URTFTTFA5UEEzQ1A4MUtFV0o4TEJTNlZCOS4u&amp;route=shorturl">Register HERE</a>Space is limited, register today!<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_LECO_Separation_Science_Workshop_registration_332543a18e.jpg" alt="LECO: LECO Separation Science Workshop - QR code for registration" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_LECO_Separation_Science_Workshop_registration_332543a18e.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="437" height="437"></blockquote><h4>Hand-on Experience with the LECO Complex Chemical Composition Analysis Lab C3AL</h4><ul><li>Work directly with LECO instruments in the C3AL Laboratory</li><li>Learn complete analytical workflows from sample to answer</li><li>Get expert guidance from LECO application scientists</li><li>Develop methods and solve real-world challenges</li><li>Collaborate, ask questions, and build your skills</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Cal_State_LA_The_LECO_Pegasus_BTX_system_in_Cal_State_LA_s_LECO_Complex_Chemical_Compositional_Analysis_Lab_enhances_research_and_student_training_in_advanced_chemical_analysis_cover_b739e727ca.jpg" alt="Cal State LA: The LECO Pegasus BTX system in Cal State LA’s LECO Complex Chemical Compositional Analysis Lab enhances research and student training in advanced chemical analysis" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Cal_State_LA_The_LECO_Pegasus_BTX_system_in_Cal_State_LA_s_LECO_Complex_Chemical_Compositional_Analysis_Lab_enhances_research_and_student_training_in_advanced_chemical_analysis_cover_b739e727ca.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="1252" height="863">The first day will focus on the fundamentals and theory of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC), with an emphasis on understanding how GC×GC can enhance your research, solve complex analytical challenges, and support your laboratory or company goals.&nbsp;The second day will be dedicated to hands-on activities, giving participants the opportunity to work directly with LECO instrumentation, learn practical analytical workflows, and analyze their own samples with guidance from LECO application scientists.&nbsp;Whether you are new to GC×GC or looking to expand its use in your research or organization, this workshop offers a unique opportunity to learn, explore, and apply the technology in a practical setting. Space is limited, so register early!<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Cal_State_LA_LECO_QUADJET_G_Cx_GC_coupled_to_Pegasus_BT_4_D_TOM_MS_in_the_Complex_Chemical_Composition_Analysis_Lab_C_AL_077a14ae34/Cal-State-LA-LECO-QUADJET-GCxGC-coupled-to-Pegasus-BT-4D-TOM-MS-in-the-Complex-Chemical-Composition-Analysis-Lab-(CAL).jpg" alt="Cal State LA: LECO QUADJET GCxGC coupled to Pegasus BT 4D TOM MS in the Complex Chemical Composition Analysis Lab (C³AL)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Cal_State_LA_LECO_QUADJET_G_Cx_GC_coupled_to_Pegasus_BT_4_D_TOM_MS_in_the_Complex_Chemical_Composition_Analysis_Lab_C_AL_077a14ae34/thumbnail_Cal-State-LA-LECO-QUADJET-GCxGC-coupled-to-Pegasus-BT-4D-TOM-MS-in-the-Complex-Chemical-Composition-Analysis-Lab-(CAL).jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1949" height="1299">

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Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

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In 1936, the Laboratory Equipment Company introduced the first rapid carbon determinator for the American iron and steel industry.  Today, almost 80 years later, LECO is recognized globally as a leader in the development of high-quality analytical instrumentation, mass spectrometers, comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography, metallography & optical equipment as well as consumables.

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Watrex SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR DEMI 90 Water Purification System

Fully automatic system for the preparation of clean water based on reverse osmosis combined with purification by a mixed ion exchanger.

Fully automatic system for the preparation of clean water based on reverse osmosis combined with purification by a mixed ion exchanger. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by two-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment and carbon filter.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/reverse-osmosis-systems/rowapur-demi-90/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ROWAPUR DEMI</a> is driven by water pressure from water distribution network, it does not require electric power.The output water has a specific conductivity less than &lt;1 µS/cm. The system includes a conductivity tester with optical indication of output water quality.Price: <bdi>761 €</bdi> ex. VAT<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Specific conductivity of produced water &lt;1 µS/cm</li><li>6 to 12 months filters lifetime</li><li>2 – 5 years RO membrane lifetime</li><li>1000 – 2000 liters polishing filter capacity</li><li>No electricity is required for operation</li><li>Supplied from water distribution network</li></ul><h4>Technical specification</h4><ul><li>Specific conductivity of produced water: &lt; 1 µS/cm</li><li>Daily production capacity:&nbsp;up to 90 liters</li><li>Input water pressure:&nbsp;0,3 – 0,7 MPa</li><li>Input water temperature:&nbsp;&lt; 35 °C</li><li>Maximum input water TDS:&nbsp;1200 mg/l</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Watrex SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR DEMI 180 Water Purification System

Fully automatic system for the preparation of clean water based on reverse osmosis combined with purification by a mixed ion exchanger. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by two-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment and carbon filter.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/reverse-osmosis-systems/rowapur-demi-180/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ROWAPUR DEMI</a> is driven by water pressure from water distribution network, it does not require electric power.The output water has a specific conductivity less than &lt;1 µS/cm. The system includes a conductivity tester with optical indication of output water quality.Price: 833<bdi> €</bdi> ex. VAT<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Specific conductivity of produced water &lt;1 µS/cm</li><li>6 to 12 months filters lifetime</li><li>2 – 5 years RO membrane lifetime</li><li>1000 – 2000 liters polishing filter capacity</li><li>No electricity is required for operation</li><li>Supplied from water distribution network</li></ul><h4>Technical specification</h4><ul><li>Specific conductivity of produced water: &lt; 1 µS/cm</li><li>Daily production capacity:&nbsp;up to 180 liters</li><li>Input water pressure:&nbsp;0,3 – 0,7 MPa</li><li>Input water temperature:&nbsp;&lt; 35 °C</li><li>Maximum input water TDS:&nbsp;1200 mg/l</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Watrex SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR 090 Water Purification System

Fully automatic system for the preparation of pure water based on reverse osmosis.

Fully automatic system for the preparation of pure water based on reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by three-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment filter and two carbon adsorption filters.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/reverse-osmosis-systems/rowapur-90/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ROWAPUR</a> is driven by water pressure from water distribution network, it does not require electric power.It prepares water free of mechanical impurities, chlorine, 95-99% of all dissolved substances are removed. Depending on input water composition and supply pressure the output water has a specific conductivity in the range of 10-20 µS/cm.Price: 500<bdi>&nbsp;€</bdi> ex. VAT<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Removes 95 – 99% of dissolved substances</li><li>Typical specific conductivity of produced water 10 – 20 µS/cm</li><li>6 to 12 months filters lifetime</li><li>2 – 5 years RO membrane lifetime</li><li>No electricity is required for operation</li><li>Supplied from water distribution network</li></ul><h4>Technical specification</h4><ul><li>Daily production capacity:&nbsp;up to 90 liters</li><li>Input water pressure:&nbsp;0,3 – 0,7 MPa</li><li>Input water temperature:&nbsp;&lt; 35 °C</li><li>Maximum input water TDS: 1200 mg/l</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Watrex SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR 180 Water Purification System

Fully automatic system for the preparation of pure water based on reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by three-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment filter and two carbon adsorption filters.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/reverse-osmosis-systems/rowapur-180-reverse-osmosis-system/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ROWAPUR</a> is driven by water pressure from water distribution network, it does not require electric power.It prepares water free of mechanical impurities, chlorine, 95-99% of all dissolved substances are removed. Depending on input water composition and supply pressure the output water has a specific conductivity in the range of 10-20 µS/cm.Price: 541<bdi>&nbsp;€</bdi> ex. VAT<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Removes 95 – 99% of dissolved substances</li><li>Typical specific conductivity of produced water 10 – 20 µS/cm</li><li>6 to 12 months filters lifetime</li><li>2 – 5 years RO membrane lifetime</li><li>No electricity is required for operation</li><li>Supplied from water distribution network</li></ul><h4>Technical specification</h4><ul><li>Daily production capacity:&nbsp;up to 180 liters</li><li>Input water pressure:&nbsp;0,3 – 0,7 MPa</li><li>Input water temperature:&nbsp;&lt; 35 °C</li><li>Maximum input water TDS: 1200 mg/l</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Watrex SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR 270 Water Purification System

Fully automatic system for the preparation of pure water based on reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by three-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment filter and two carbon adsorption filters.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/reverse-osmosis-systems/rowapur-270-reverse-osmosis-system/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ROWAPUR</a> is driven by water pressure from water distribution network, it does not require electric power.It prepares water free of mechanical impurities, chlorine, 95-99% of all dissolved substances are removed. Depending on input water composition and supply pressure the output water has a specific conductivity in the range of 10-20 µS/cm.Price: 592<bdi>&nbsp;€</bdi> ex. VAT<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Removes 95 – 99% of dissolved substances</li><li>Typical specific conductivity of produced water 10 – 20 µS/cm</li><li>6 to 12 months filters lifetime</li><li>2 – 5 years RO membrane lifetime</li><li>No electricity is required for operation</li><li>Supplied from water distribution network</li></ul><h4>Technical specification</h4><ul><li>Daily production capacity:&nbsp;up to 270 liters</li><li>Input water pressure:&nbsp;0,3 – 0,7 MPa</li><li>Input water temperature:&nbsp;&lt; 35 °C</li><li>Maximum input water TDS: 1200 mg/l</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Watrex SCI-AQUA ULTRAPUR Water Purification System

WATREX ULTRAPURE is dedicated to preparaton of ultrapure water for analytical, biochemical and other laboratories.

WATREX ULTRAPURE is dedicated to preparaton of ultrapure water for analytical, biochemical and other laboratories where the water with specific conductivity values below 0.1 µS/cm and a TOC value of less than 50 ppb is required.The device is fed with pressurized pre-treated water, preferably with conductivity values below 15 µS/cm (e.g. water treated by reverse osmosis).<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/ultra-pure-water/ultrapur-laboratory-unit-for-ultra-pure-water-preparation-2/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ULTRAPUR</a> is supplied with a digital flow conductometer that allows monitoring the proper functioning of the device and the need to replace exhausted filter cartridges.The water treated by ULTRAPURE system is suitable for HPLC, AA, ICP and other demanding analyses.The maintenance of the device is very simple and consists only in replacing the filter inserts after they are exhausted.Price: 923<bdi>&nbsp;€</bdi> ex. VAT<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Watrex xTrovert FLEX-O automation SPE sample preparation system

FLEX-O robotic system enabling automation sample preparation on solid phase using 96-titre plates.

FLEX-O robotic system enabling automation sample preparation on solid phase using 96-titre plates. Although there are solutions for automatic SPE on classic column formats, robotic system for automation in 96-well SPE plates is not currently on the market.In addition to the 8-channel pipetting head, the robot is equipped with a gripper and a filling dispenser, which applies wash solutions to the SPE positions on the plate. Instead of filtering using classic vacuum pump, which is used for manual SPE on columns or 96plates, the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/laboratory-automation/xtrovert-flex-o/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">xTrovert FLEX-O</a> system uses the so-called positive pressure technology when it is the reagent is pushed through the SPE membrane with a multi-channel pressure attachment. That’s it ensuring flow uniformity and reproducibility between individual samples on the plate.The robot is capable of processing up to 4 x 96-well sample plates (384 of total samples) using a protocol with up to 8 different washing and extraction reagents.The system is compatible with the Waters OligoWorks™ SPE Macroplate (96-well), Waters Oasis™ PRiME HLB, Macherey-Nagel™ SPE MULTI 96-Monoblock CHROMABOND™ and other 96-plate format SPE systems.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_x_Trovert_FLEX_O_automation_SPE_sample_preparation_system_ec3768960e.jpg" alt="Watrex xTrovert FLEX-O automation SPE sample preparation system.jpg" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_x_Trovert_FLEX_O_automation_SPE_sample_preparation_system_ec3768960e.jpg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="1433" height="1075">If necessary, the user can make modifications to the log using a simple scripting language and subsequent wireless upload to the device. Userthe interface for controlling the system is based on the integrated computer Raspberry Pi ® s 800×480 RGB LCD multi-touch touch screen and the possibility of remote wifi accessfrom an external device (e.g. mobile phone or tablet).<h4>Application</h4><ul><li>Purification of oligonucleotide synthesis products</li><li>Organic Synthesis</li><li>Environmental Analysis</li><li>Medical diagnostics</li><li>Molecular biology and biochemistry</li></ul>The entire system was designed and developed by Watrex Praha and is manufactured in the Czech Republic and promises a shift in the performance and efficiency of laboratory processes worldwide!

LECO Paradigm Flow Modulator and Shift Flow Splitter

Paradigm RFF Flow Modulator with Shift Flow Splitter boosts GC×GC peak capacity while maintaining constant MS/FID split ratios, enabling accurate, repeatable quantitation across full volatility ranges.

The Paradigm Flow Modulator with Reverse Fill-Flush (RFF) technology dramatically expands chromatographic peak capacity across the full volatility range while preserving quantitative accuracy. The RFF modulator fills a fixed-volume sample loop with effluent from the first-dimension column and then rapidly flushes it onto an orthogonal second-dimension stationary phase. This true comprehensive GC×GC transfer ensures excellent repeatability, robust quantitation, and high-quality separations for complex samples.<h3>Key features</h3><ul><li>Reverse Fill-Flush (RFF) modulation for true comprehensive GC×GC with complete analyte transfer</li><li>Novel chromatography splitter with two channels of pressure assistance</li><li>Designed for high flows required for RFF modulation (≈20 mL/min)</li><li>Constant MS/FID split ratio maintained throughout the entire run, including oven temperature ramps</li></ul><h3>ChromaTOF makes modulation simple</h3>Paradigm eliminates complex offline flow calculations. Integrated <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/41">ChromaTOF® software</a> automatically performs all required calculations via a straightforward interface. The resulting methods are optimized to deliver complete analyte transfer, excellent peak shapes, and high chromatographic resolution—without manual trial-and-error.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_Chromatof_flow_calculation_6b8ca60f99.jpg" alt="LECO Paradigm Flow Modulator and Shift Flow Splitter: ChromaTOF Software identifies method calculation improvements for RFF modulation" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_Chromatof_flow_calculation_6b8ca60f99.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="670" height="426"><h3>A shift forward in chromatographic analyses</h3>The Shift Flow Splitter introduces a novel splitting mechanism that maintains a constant split ratio between MS and FID across the full GC oven program. Compared to traditional splitters, Shift delivers superior quantitative accuracy with minimal internal standardization, greatly simplifying compound-level and group-type quantitation in GC and GC×GC workflows.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_LECO_Paradigm_G_Cx_GC_prutokovy_modulator_a_Shift_splitter_5_245c7c2fde.jpg" alt="LECO Paradigm Flow Modulator and Shift Flow Splitter: Close-up on the Shift Flow Splitter installed in a GC oven" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_LECO_Paradigm_G_Cx_GC_prutokovy_modulator_a_Shift_splitter_5_245c7c2fde.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2925" height="825"><h3>Software-optimized detector performance</h3>ChromaTOF automatically balances and optimizes the flow directed to TOFMS and FID, ensuring proper peak shapes and matched sensitivity for reliable qualitative and quantitative results.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_Optimize_flow_e51d505415.jpg" alt="LECO Paradigm Flow Modulator and Shift Flow Splitter: ChromaTOF Software automatically optimizes flow rates" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_Optimize_flow_e51d505415.jpg 207w," sizes="100vw" width="808" height="608">

Watrex SYRINGE FILTERS

Syringe filters (filters for syringes) are a universal tool that ensures sample purity and prevents contamination of analytical instruments.

Syringe filters (filters for syringes) are a universal tool that ensures sample purity and prevents contamination of analytical instruments. They are single-use filters used for precise filtration of liquids before their application or analysis.Pore Size: Filters come in various pore sizes, ranging from 0.2 μm to 5 μm, depending on the required level of filtration. Smaller pores (e.g., 0.22 μm) are often used for sterilizing solutions, as they capture bacteria and other microorganisms.We offer syringe filters in the following sizes: 4 mm, 13 mm, 25 mm, and 30 mm, all available with pore sizes of 0.22 μm and 0.45 μm.Filter Material: Syringe filters are made from different materials that are compatible with various sample types. It is important to select the correct filter material based on the chemical composition of the sample. We offer syringe filters made from the following materials:<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_SYRINGE_FILTRY_b6ffda00e2.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex SYRINGE FILTERS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Watrex_SYRINGE_FILTRY_b6ffda00e2.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1808" height="1017"><h4>Nylon</h4><ul><li>Suitable for aqueous solutions and most organic solvents.</li><li>It has strong mechanical stability and excellent chemical compatibility with esters, bases, phenols, and alcohols.</li></ul><h4>PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)</h4><ul><li>Chemically resistant to most organic solvents.</li><li>It has very broad chemical and thermal compatibility.</li><li>PTFE filters are recommended for strong acids and bases and are excellent for filtration and degassing chromatography.</li></ul><h4>PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride)</h4><ul><li>Suitable for biological samples.</li><li>It has good chemical resistance and low UV absorption.</li><li>Commonly used for filtering all water-based samples and most solvents.</li></ul><h4>PES (Polyester)</h4><ul><li>Ideal for water-based samples, especially biological ones, with a fast and high flow rate.</li></ul><h4>MCE (Mixed Cellulose Esters)</h4><ul><li>Ideal for aqueous samples, tissue cultures, and sensitive biological samples.</li><li>It has lower chemical resistance, excellent water flow, and a better cutoff effect.</li></ul><h4>PP (Polypropylene)</h4><ul><li>Ideal for filtering all water-based samples and most solvents.</li><li>Used for general filtration of biological samples, solvents, deionized water, and reducing biological load.</li><li>It has good thermal compatibility.</li></ul><h5>Examples of Use:</h5><ol><li>Sterilization of solutions: Filtration can remove bacteria and other microorganisms from solutions.</li><li>Sample purification: Samples are filtered before analysis to remove solid particles that could contaminate analytical instruments or affect analysis results.</li><li>Preparation for chromatography: Filtration before entering devices like HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) to ensure sample purity.</li></ol>You can also visit the full range of syringe filters on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?s=syringe+filters&amp;post_type=product&amp;dgwt_wcas=1?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex VICI Consumables for HPLC/GC

As an authorized distributor of VICI, we provide a wide range of high-quality chromatography consumables that meet the most demanding requirements for precision and reliability.

As an authorized distributor of VICI, we provide a wide range of high-quality chromatography consumables that meet the most demanding requirements for precision and reliability.Our offer includes injection valves, adapters, tubing, filters, columns and other products that optimize the performance of your HPLC systems. Thanks to our close cooperation with partners, we guarantee the latest technology and expert advice.Explore our range using the catalogs from<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_VICI_V_ddafed74a8.pdf"> VICI Valco</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_VICI_J_c72f706329.pdf">VICI Jour</a> and do not hesitate to contact us for a non-binding quote at watrex@watrex.com or visit our website <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/cs/uvod/?utm_source=labrulez">www.watrex.com</a>.<h3>VICI Valco Instuments</h3>For over 50 years, VICI Valco Instruments Co. Inc. has been the leading designer and manufacturer of standard and custom valves and fittings for precision analytical, biomedical, and biocompatible instrumentation.<h4>The offer includes, for example:</h4><ul><li>Injectors and valves</li><li>Fittings</li><li>Detectors</li><li>Valve actuation and accessories</li></ul>Vici Valco product line also includes a wide range of related products such as pneumatic and electric actuators, tubing and sampling loops, heated enclosures, valve sequence and temperature controllers, gas purifiers, GC detectors, and digital interfaces.<h3>VICI Jour</h3>VICI Jour offer the complete Jour line of accessories and consumables for fluid transfer in HPLC and LC.<h4>The offer includes, for example:</h4><ul><li>Tubing (PEEK, F-polymeric, stainless steel)</li><li>Fittings (high pressure and low pressure)</li><li>Filters (high pressure and low pressure) and frits</li><li>Safety products</li><li>PEEK columns and guard columns</li><li>Tools and LC accessories</li></ul>Jour products include a complete line of tubing and capillaries in a wide variety of diameters and materials, high and low pressure fingertight fittings and connection accessories, column hardware, high and low pressure filters, cutters and other tools, solvent saver, safey caps, waste caps, backpressure regulators, and much more.

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