<p><strong>Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful analytical technique widely used for compound identification, quantification, and structural elucidation. By coupling the separation efficiency of gas chromatography (GC) with the detection and identification capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS), GC-MS enables highly sensitive and specific chemical analysis.&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Understanding how GC-MS works, and its underlying principles, helps scientists optimize analytical workflows, improve accuracy, and troubleshoot effectively whether in environmental testing, drug development, or forensic investigations.</p><h3><strong>What is GC-MS?</strong></h3><p>GC-MS is a hybrid analytical technique that combines the separation power of gas chromatography with the molecular identification capability of mass spectrometry.</p><p>In gas chromatography, a vaporized sample is carried by an inert gas (such as helium or hydrogen) through a capillary column coated with a stationary phase. Each compound interacts differently with the stationary phase depending on its volatility and polarity, causing them to separate as they elute at distinct retention times.</p><p>As compounds exit the column, they enter the mass spectrometer, where they are ionized and fragmented. The mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of these ions is measured, producing a mass spectrum, a unique molecular fingerprint that enables unambiguous compound identification and quantification.</p><p>This seamless coupling of GC and MS enhances analytical performance by combining chromatographic separation with mass-based detection, allowing even trace-level compounds to be analyzed in complex matrices.</p><h3><strong>Principle of GC-MS</strong></h3><p>The principle of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry involves two fundamental processes:</p><h4><strong>Separation by Gas Chromatography</strong></h4><p>Compounds are vaporized and separated in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products?category=7&amp;manufacturerItems=50"><strong>GC column</strong></a> based on their boiling points and interaction strength with the stationary phase. Less volatile compounds or those with stronger affinity for the column elute later, giving each component a unique retention time.</p><h4><strong>Detection by Mass Spectrometry</strong></h4><p>As compounds elute, they are introduced into the MS, where they undergo ionization commonly by electron impact or chemical ionization. Ionization produces charged fragments that are separated in a mass analyzer according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio. The resulting mass spectra serve as fingerprints that enable identification and quantitation through comparison with spectral libraries.</p><p>This dual process allows GC-MS to distinguish structurally similar molecules and perform trace-level analyses in complex mixtures with exceptional accuracy.</p><h3><strong>Step-by-Step Working of GC-MS</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Sample Introduction:</strong> A liquid or gaseous sample is introduced into the GC, typically with a split or splitless inlet, where it is vaporized immediately.</li><li><strong>Separation in GC Column:</strong> The carrier gas propels the vaporized sample through a long capillary column. Compounds interact with the stationary phase, and those with greater affinity or lower volatility move slower, thus separating from other compounds.</li><li><strong>Transfer to MS:</strong> As separated analytes elute, they are transferred into the mass spectrometer via a heated interface.</li><li><strong>Ionization and Fragmentation:</strong> In the MS, an ion source generates charged ions and fragments. These fragments reflect the compound’s structure.</li><li><strong>Mass Analysis:</strong> The mass analyzer (commonly a quadrupole, but also ion trap or TOF) separates ions by m/z. Each analyte produces a unique mass spectrum.</li><li><strong>Detection and Data Output:</strong> Detectors (e.g., electron multipliers) record signal intensities at each m/z, producing a total ion chromatogram (TIC) and mass spectra, which the data system interprets for compound identification and quantification.</li></ul><h3><strong>Applications of GC-MS</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Forensic Science:</strong> Used in toxicology, drug identification, and arson investigations, GC-MS provides highly specific detection of trace evidence and controlled substances.</li><li><strong>Pharmaceuticals:</strong> Supports drug purity testing, residual solvent analysis, and metabolite profiling during formulation and quality control.</li><li><strong>Environmental Testing:</strong> Monitors pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and pollutants in air, water, and soil samples to ensure regulatory compliance.</li><li><strong>Food Safety:</strong> Detects contaminants, additives, and flavor compounds to maintain product safety and authenticity.</li><li><strong>Clinical and Biomedical Research:</strong> Used in metabolomics and clinical diagnostics to identify volatile biomarkers and metabolites relevant to disease states.</li></ul><h3><strong>Key Benefits of Using GC-MS</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>High Sensitivity and Specificity:</strong> Detects trace-level compounds in complex matrices.</li><li><strong>Comprehensive Structural Information:</strong> Mass spectra provide molecular fingerprints for precise identification.</li><li><strong>Separation and Identification Combined:</strong> Minimizes matrix interference and enhances quantitation accuracy.</li><li><strong>Wide Application Range:</strong> Suitable for environmental, pharmaceutical, food, and forensic testing.</li><li><strong>Extensive Spectral Libraries:</strong> Enables rapid identification of known and unknown compounds.</li></ul><p>A solid understanding of the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/resources/knowledge-center/gc-knowledge-center/understanding-the-essential-components-of-gas-chromatography"><strong>components of gas chromatography</strong></a> such as injectors, columns, and detectors helps analysts optimize GC-MS system performance and ensure accurate, reproducible results.</p>

GC-MS: Principles of How it Works?

<p><strong>In late February 2025, a train carrying benzene derailed in Hustopeče nad Bečvou, and within hours, a race was on to save the groundwater and surface water. One of the most toxic industrial substances began seeping into the gravel-sand subsoil. While fieldwork was underway to prevent the spread of contamination, decisions were already being made in the CXI TUL laboratories regarding how to subsequently clean up the contaminated rock environment.</strong></p><p>The accident ranks among the <strong>most serious environmental incidents in the Czech Republic in recent years</strong>. After a tanker train derailed, hundreds of<strong> metric tons of benzene leaked</strong>; due to the highly permeable geological subsoil, it quickly seeped into deeper soil layers and into the groundwater. The combination of the substance’s high toxicity and local conditions complicated both the emergency response and the subsequent remediation. The key was to stop further spread, determine the extent of the contamination, and establish a remediation strategy for the entire site.</p><p>It was at this stage that CXI TUL became involved in the solution. At the request of the renowned remediation company DEKONTA, a.s., a team led by <strong>RNDr. Jan Němeček, Ph.D.</strong>, began testing the feasibility of the<strong> in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) method</strong>. This technology is designed to<strong> break down benzene directly within the rock matrix</strong>, without the need for extensive excavation of contaminated soil or the pumping out of large volumes of groundwater. The goal was simple: to find a method that would work quickly, safely, and under the actual conditions of the affected site.</p><h4><strong>Benzene Remediation: Technically Simple, Complicated in Practice</strong></h4><p>Benzene is a highly toxic and carcinogenic substance that rapidly penetrates into groundwater in permeable subsoil, where it dissolves and spreads further as the water flows toward surface water bodies. Benzene also binds to rock particles and migrates in the form of vapors into overlying unconsolidated layers.</p><p>Scientists in Liberec therefore tested <i>in situ </i>chemical oxidation (ISCO) technology under laboratory conditions. The goal was to find an oxidant capable of breaking down benzene directly underground into less hazardous substances.</p><p>The tests evaluated two main options:<strong> activated hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxodisulfate</strong>. Both substances removed up to<strong> 99.99% of the benzene</strong>, but there was a difference in their kinetics and impacts on the natural environment. Activated hydrogen peroxide achieved nearly complete degradation of the contaminant within a single day. Activated sodium peroxodisulfate was slower and also significantly altered the chemistry of the water; it acidified the environment and increased the sulfate content in the water, which poses an additional environmental burden.</p><p>For field applications, the researchers therefore unequivocally recommended <strong>activated hydrogen peroxide</strong>.</p><h4><strong>Dosage Matters</strong></h4><p>It was not just the oxidant’s effectiveness that was key. It was equally important to determine how the chemical reaction would behave in a real geological environment. The team of scientists therefore also analyzed what is known as <strong>soil oxidant consumption (SOD)</strong>. It turned out that a significant portion of the oxidizing agent does not react solely with benzene but is also consumed to a significant extent by the rock environment itself, particularly by natural organic substances present in the fine-grained fraction of the soil.</p><p>An oxidant consumption value was determined specifically for the local composition of the aquifers, which is essential for the correct dosing of chemicals in the field so that the remediation is not only effective but also economically viable and safe for surrounding ecosystems.</p><h4><strong>One Year After the Accident: Research Turns into Real-World Assistance</strong></h4><p>While the public often perceives university science as a distant world of laboratories and grant projects, it is precisely situations like this that demonstrate its practical impact. The results of the work by researchers at CXI TUL did not remain confined to academic studies but directly influenced decisions regarding the technology used to clean up one of the largest environmental accidents in recent years.</p>

Science on the Front Lines: Cleanup of a Benzene Spill

Analytical Challenges and Strategies for Compound Identification Using Gas Chromatography–Ion Mobility Spectrometry

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Thermo Scientific Trace™ TR-V1 GC Columns

Thermo Scientific™ TRACE TR-V1 GC Columns are mid-polarity, thick film columns.

<p><strong>Thermo Scientific™ TRACE TR-V1 GC Columns are mid-polarity, thick film columns.</strong></p><ul><li>Mid-polarity phase, 6% Cyanopropylphenyl Polysiloxane</li><li>Thick films for the analysis of volatile analytes</li><li>Low-bleed suitable for MS detection</li></ul><h4><strong>Recommended For:</strong></h4><ul><li>Volatile Organics</li><li>Alcohols</li><li>EPA 502.2, 608 and 624</li></ul><h4><strong>Similar To:</strong></h4><ul><li>DB-624</li><li>BPX Volatiles</li><li>Rtx Volatiles</li><li>VOCOL 56</li><li>OV-624</li><li>AT-624</li><li>HP-VOC</li><li>CP-Select 624CB</li><li>007-624</li><li>ZM-624</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Trace™ TR-WAX GC Columns

Analyze a wide range of polar compounds with the Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ TR-Wax GC Column.

<p><strong>Analyze a wide range of polar compounds with the Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ TR-Wax GC Column. A polyethylene-glycol-based phase ideal for the analysis of all polar compounds, it is highly cross-linked and fully deactivated to provide excellent peak shape even with short chain alcohols.</strong></p><h4><strong>Engineered for Superior Performance</strong></h4><ul><li>Polar phase, polyethylene glycol</li><li>Highly cross-linked and fully deactivated</li><li>Solvent washable</li></ul><h4><strong>Excellent Quality and Reproducibility:</strong></h4><ul><li>Low-bleed even at elevated temperatures</li><li>Outstanding robustness for difficult separations</li><li>Reliable and reproducible performance</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications:</strong></h4><ul><li>Esters</li><li>Alcohols</li><li>Ketones</li><li>Glycols</li><li>Aromatic isomers</li></ul><h4><strong>Recommended Use:</strong></h4><ul><li>Aldehydes</li><li>Essential Oils</li></ul><h4><strong>Alternative Uses:</strong></h4><ul><li>Acids</li><li>Alcohols</li><li>Alcohols in beverages</li><li>Alditol acetates (sugars)</li><li>Amines–Aliphatic</li><li>Amines–Aromatic</li><li>Herbicides</li><li>Ketones</li><li>Nitroaromatics</li><li>Phenols</li><li>Volatiles</li></ul><h4><strong>Similar To:</strong></h4><ul><li>DB-Wax</li><li>BP20</li><li>Rtx™-Wax</li><li>Stabilwax™</li><li>HP20M</li><li>HP-Wax</li><li>HP-INNOWax</li><li>SUPELCOWAX™ 10</li><li>AT™-Wax</li><li>Nukol™</li><li>CP Wax52CB</li><li>SUPEROX II</li><li>Carbowax™</li><li>PE-WAX</li><li>ZBWAX</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Trace™ TR-WaxMS GC Columns

For high-polarity separations as part of GC/MS analysis, choose the low-bleed, high polarity Thermo Scientific™TRACE™ TR-WaxMS GC Column. 

<p><strong>For high-polarity separations as part of GC/MS analysis, choose the low-bleed, high polarity Thermo Scientific™TRACE™ TR-WaxMS GC Column. The TRACE TR-WaxMS column is manufactured using a proprietary bonding technique that minimizes bleed and extends the maximum operating temperature (260 to 280 ̊C).</strong></p><h4><strong>Engineered for Superior Performance:</strong></h4><ul><li>Polar phase, polyethylene glycol</li><li>Proprietary bonding method for expanded operating temperatures</li><li>Extremely low-bleed for improved sensitivity and library matches</li><li>High stability with oxygen and water</li></ul><h4><strong>Excellent Quality and Reproducibility:</strong></h4><ul><li>Low-bleed even at elevated temperatures</li><li>Outstanding robustness for difficult separations</li><li>Reliable and reproducible performance</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Trace_TR_Wax_MS_GC_Columns_676d6b9e2e.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific: Trace™ TR-WaxMS GC Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Trace_TR_Wax_MS_GC_Columns_676d6b9e2e.jpg 244w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="416"></p><h4><strong>Applications:</strong></h4><ul><li>Aromatic hydrocarbons</li><li>Food additives</li><li>Essential oils</li><li>Alcohols</li><li>Esters</li><li>Aldehydes</li><li>Ketones</li></ul><h4><strong>Recommended Use:</strong></h4><ul><li>Aldehydes</li><li>Essential Oils</li></ul><h4><strong>Alternative Uses:</strong></h4><ul><li>Acids</li><li>Alcohols</li><li>Alcohols in beverages</li><li>Alditol acetates (sugars)</li><li>Amines&amp;endash;Aliphatic</li><li>Amines&amp;endash;Aromatic</li><li>Herbicides</li><li>Ketones</li><li>Nitroaromatics</li><li>Phenols</li><li>Volatiles</li></ul><h4><strong>Similar To:</strong></h4><ul><li>DB-Wax</li><li>Rtx™-Wax</li><li>Stabilwax™</li><li>HP20M</li><li>BP20</li><li>HP-Wax</li><li>HP-INNOWax</li><li>SUPELCOWAX™ 10</li><li>AT™-Wax</li><li>Nukol™</li><li>CP Wax 52CB</li><li>ZB-Wax</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Trace™ TR-FAME GC Columns

Choose Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ TR-FAME GC Columns for separation of cis/trans isomers and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) with various degrees of unsaturation.

<p><strong>Choose Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ TR-FAME GC Columns for separation of cis/trans isomers and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) with various degrees of unsaturation. The TRACE TR-FAME column is a cyanopropylphenyl-based phase specifically designed for the separation of FAMEs. It is also suitable for any application that requires a high-polarity column for use with MS detection.</strong></p><h4><strong>Excellent Quality and Reproducibility</strong></h4><ul><li>Low bleed for MS, even at elevated temperatures</li><li>Outstanding robustness for difficult separations</li><li>Reliable and reproducible performance</li><li>Polar phase, 70% cyanopropyl polysilphenylene-siloxane</li><li>Higher operating temperature than other columns</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications:</strong></h4><ul><li>FAMEs</li><li>FAMEs cis/trans isomers</li></ul><h4><strong>Similar To:</strong></h4><ul><li>DB-23</li><li>BPX70</li><li>Rtx™-2330</li><li>SP™-2330</li><li>CP-Sil 88</li><li>SP™-2380</li><li>HP-23</li><li>VF-23ms</li><li>007-23</li><li>AT™-Silar</li><li>PE-23</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Trace™ TR-FFAP GC Columns

Low-bleed even at elevated temperatures. Chose the Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ TR-FFAP GC Columns for outstanding robustness in difficult-to-analyze separations.

<p><strong>Low-bleed even at elevated temperatures. Chose the Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ TR-FFAP GC Columns for outstanding robustness in difficult-to-analyze separations.</strong></p><h4><strong>Engineered Specifically for FFAP Analysis:</strong></h4><ul><li>Polar phase, TPA modified polyethylene glycol</li><li>Bonded FFAP phase</li><li>Quality tested for acidic compound analysis</li><li>Equivalent to USP G25 and G35</li><li>Excellent Quality and Reproducibility</li><li>Low-bleed even at elevated temperatures</li><li>Outstanding robustness for difficult-to-analyze separations</li><li>Reliable and reproducible performance</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Trace_TR_FFAP_GC_Columns_56b870dff4.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific: Trace™ TR-FFAP GC Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Trace_TR_FFAP_GC_Columns_56b870dff4.jpg 244w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="416"></p><h4><strong>Recommended Use:</strong></h4><ul><li>Acids</li><li>FFAP analysis</li><li>Alcohols</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Trace™ TR-BioDiesel GC Columns

Determine methanol, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and glycerides in biodiesel analysis with high performance and reproducibility using Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ TR-BioDiesel GC Columns.

<p><strong>Determine methanol, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and glycerides in biodiesel analysis with high performance and reproducibility using Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ TR-BioDiesel GC Columns.</strong>&nbsp;</p><p>Biodiesel is an important component in the development of carbon neutral fuels and specific GC columns within the TRACE range deliver robust performance to meet and exceed the methodology demands for this application area.</p><h4><strong>Columns Specifically Designed to Meet Your Biodiesel Analysis Needs:</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>TRACE TR-BioDiesel (M)</strong>; for determination of residual methanol content in biodiesel according to EN Method 14110</li><li><strong>TRACE TR-BioDiesel (G)</strong>; for the analysis of total glyceride content according to EN Method 14105</li><li><strong>TRACE TR-BioDiesel (F)</strong>; for the analysis of FAME content in biodiesel according to EN Method 14103</li><li><strong>TRACE TR-BioDiesel (G) ASTM</strong>; for the analysis of total glyceride content according to ASTM method D-6584</li></ul><h4><strong>Excellent Quality and Reproducibility:</strong></h4><ul><li>Low-bleed even at elevated temperatures</li><li>Outstanding robustness for difficult separations</li><li>Reliable and reproducible performance</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Trace™ GC Columns for Pesticides

Identify organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides with high performance, sensitivity, and reproducibility using the Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ GC Columns for Pesticides. 

<p><strong>Identify organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides with high performance, sensitivity, and reproducibility using the Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ GC Columns for Pesticides. These columns are specifically designed and tested to meet the most stringent requirements for the analysis of pesticides and herbicides.</strong></p><h4><strong>Excellent Quality and Reproducibility:</strong></h4><ul><li>Low bleed decreases MS contamination</li><li>Innovative design facilitates use at higher temperatures</li><li>Column inertness results in minimal peak tailing and decreased breakdown of sensitive samples</li></ul><h4><strong>Alternative Uses:</strong></h4><ul><li>Chlorinated aromatics</li><li>Plant sterols</li><li>Pyrethroids</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Trace™ GC Columns for Specific EPA Methods

Perform specific EPA methodologies with confidence and unsurpassed performance using the Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ GC Capillary Columns for Specific EPA Methods. 

<p><strong>Perform specific EPA methodologies with confidence and unsurpassed performance using the Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ GC Capillary Columns for Specific EPA Methods. These low-bleed and temperature-stable columns have been designed, manufactured and tested to provide consistent, reliable results from run-to-run and batch-to-batch.</strong></p><h4><strong>Columns Tailored Specifically for U.S. EPA Test Methods:</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>TRACE TR-524 and TRACE TR-525:</strong> U.S. EPA Drinking Water Test Methods 524 or 525</li><li><strong>TRACE TR-527:</strong> U.S. EPA Drinking Water Test Method 527, featuring the robust, low-bleed performance required for analysis of pesticides and flame retardants</li><li><strong>TRACE TR-8270: </strong>U.S. EPA Solid Waste Test Method 8270</li><li><strong>TRACE TR-8095: </strong>U.S. EPA Method 8095 for Explosives Testing, featuring high maximum temperature and low surface activity</li></ul><h4><strong>Excellent Quality and Reproducibility:</strong></h4><ul><li>Low bleed, even at elevated temperatures</li><li>Outstanding robustness for difficult separations</li><li>Reliable and reproducible performance</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications:</strong></h4><ul><li>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)</li><li>Pesticides</li><li>Brominated flame retardants</li><li>Explosives</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Trace™ GC Columns for Dioxin and PCB Analysis

Analyze dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with custom-tailored Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ GC Columns for Dioxin and PCB Analysis

<p><strong>Analyze dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with custom-tailored Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ GC Columns for Dioxin and PCB Analysis for unsurpassed performance and reproducibility.&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Optimized to meet the requirements of high-resolution GC/MS methods, these columns deliver optimum performance with exceptional stability and very low bleed. These low-polarity columns provide wide coverage of the 17 cogeners with the highest toxicological significance (2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted congeners).</p><h4><strong>Columns Tailored Specifically for Dioxins and PCBs:</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>TRACE TR-Dioxin 5MS: </strong>dioxin and furan testing</li><li><strong>TRACE TR-PCB 8MS: </strong>high-resolution GC/MS analysis of PCBs</li></ul><h4><strong>Excellent Quality and Reproducibility</strong></h4><ul><li>Low bleed, even at elevated temperatures</li><li>Outstanding robustness for difficult separations</li><li>Reliable and reproducible performance</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications:</strong></h4><ul><li>Furan (PCDF) Analysis</li><li>GC/MS for Furan (PCDF) Analysis</li><li>GC/MS for PCB Congener Analysis</li></ul>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-1XT SimDist GC Columns

Zebron ZB-1XT SimDist columns deliver outstanding reproducibility and up to 70% higher efficiency thanks to Glass Infusion™ technology—ensuring sharper peaks, accurate high-temperature SimDist, and long column lifetime.

<h4><strong>Consistent, Reliable Results for Simulated Distillation</strong></h4><ul><li>Glass Infusion™ technology for higher efficiency and greater column-to-column reproducibility</li><li>Individual QC testing for every column</li><li>Up to 70 % higher efficiency than other columns</li><li>Increased accuracy for high temperature simulated distillation</li></ul><p>Want a flexible fused-silica alternative for SimDist testing? See <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1563"><strong>ZB-1HT-Inferno</strong></a></p><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><ul><li>ASTM Methods (D2887, D2887X, D3710, D6352, D7169), Crude Oil, Gasoline Fractions, Petroleum Distillates, Petroleum Fractions, Simulated Distillation, Vacuum Distillates</li></ul><h5><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from any 100 % dimethylpolysiloxane phase:</strong></h5><p><strong>Agilent®&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><ul><li>DB®-1</li><li>DB-HT SimDis</li><li>DB-PS1</li><li>DB-PS2887</li><li>CP-SimDist</li><li>CP-SimDist UltiMetal</li></ul><p><strong>Restek®</strong></p><ul><li>Rtx®-1</li><li>Rxi®-1HT</li><li>MXT®-1HT SimDist</li></ul><p><strong>SGE®</strong></p><ul><li>BP1</li><li>BPX1-SimD</li></ul><h3><strong>Sharper Peak Shape and Better Efficiency through Uniform Glass Infusion™ Coating Technology</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Sharper Peaks and Higher Efficiency:</strong><ul><li>Glass Infusion Technology Provides &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Uniform Coating and Minimizes</li><li>Unwanted Activity.</li></ul></li><li><strong>Consistency and Reliability:</strong><ul><li>Zebron Columns are INDIVIDUALLY</li><li>Tested for Better Reproducibility and</li><li>Overall Performance.</li></ul></li><li><strong>Higher Efficiency:</strong><ul><li>Up to 70 % Higher Column Efficiency.</li></ul></li><li><strong>Long Lifetime and Better Results:</strong><ul><li>Improved Resolution of C50/C52 &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Hour after Hour.</li></ul></li><li><strong>Guaranteed:</strong><ul><li>100 % Risk-Free</li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1_XT_Sim_Dist_GC_Columns_dd3e7f0c32.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-1XT SimDist GC Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1_XT_Sim_Dist_GC_Columns_dd3e7f0c32.jpg 146w," sizes="100vw" width="677" height="722"></p><h3><strong>Improved Recovery and Peak Shape</strong></h3><h4><strong>The Benefits of Glass Infusion™ Technology</strong></h4><p>The Zebron ZB-1XT SimDist metal columns employ a new proprietary bonding called Glass Infusion Technology. The Glass Infusion technology starts by depositing a very uniform layer of glass that completely covers the internal metal surfaces of the column. The result is a uniform coating throughout the column.</p><h5><strong>Glass Enclosed</strong></h5><ul><li>Uniform Glass Infusion ensures adequate covering of exposed metal to promote better recovery and peak shape.</li><li>Each Zebron ZB-1XT is individually tested to confirm and ensure excellent reproducibility.</li><li>The uniform glass coating provides a consistent foundation for stationary phase bonding, thus promoting better over-all efficiency and resolution.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Glass_Enclosed_b434ad6540.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Glass Enclosed" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Glass_Enclosed_b434ad6540.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="709" height="232"></p><h5><strong>Exposed Metal</strong></h5><ul><li>Non-glass infused with exposed metal can cause tailing peaks and sample adsorption.</li><li>Some manufacturers batch test their columns, leading to poor column-to-column reproducibility.</li><li>These exposed surfaces result in abnormal bonding of the stationary phase which affects chromatographic performance, decreases efficiencies, and inconsistent performance between columns.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Exposed_Metal_00e4466d96.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Exposed Metal" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Exposed_Metal_00e4466d96.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="706" height="237"></p>

Products focused on GC columns - page 1

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Analytical Challenges and Strategies for Compound Identification Using Gas Chromatography–Ion Mobility Spectrometry

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GC-MS: Principles of How it Works?