Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 4th November 2024? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications by Agilent Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and Shimadzu!<h4>1. Shimadzu: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_04_AD_0307_en_bfb6980383.pdf">Analysis of Ethylene Glycol and Diethylene Glycol in Glycerin, Propylene Glycol and Sorbitol Solutions (Indian Pharmacopoeia Monographs)</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>User Benefits<ul><li>Brevis GC offers advanced capabilities for the detection of EG and DEG contamination in the raw materials (glycerin, propylene glycol, and sorbitol solutions) used for manufacturing medicinal syrup.</li><li>Brevis GC coupled with the AOC-30i autosampler can obtain highly reproducible results using the proposed workflow.</li><li>The configuration proposed in the application news exceeds the requirement specified in the IP monographs.</li></ul>&nbsp;IntroductionEthylene glycol (EG) and diethylene glycol (DEG) are classified as toxic alcohols. These chemicals are colorless, odorless, and water-soluble. There have been multiple incidents involving the deaths of children due to medicinal cough syrups contaminated with these impurities. These impurities often originated from the raw materials (such as glycerin, propylene glycol, and sorbitol solutions) or excipients used in their formulation (1-2). Substandard and falsified raw materials frequently enter the excipient supply chain, causing significant challenges for drug manufacturers and egulatory bodies. The complexity of the global supply chain, which often involves importing raw materials from various countries, worsened this issue. Therefore, it is crucial to frequently test these raw materials upon receipt to prevent the reoccurrence of such incidents and protect public health.This application news demonstrates the use of GC-FID for analyzing EG and DEG contaminants in glycerin, propylene glycol (PG), and sorbitol solutions (70%) (both crystallizing and non-crystallizing) in accordance with the Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) monographs. Shimadzu’s Brevis GC, featuring a compact design with a width that is approximately 35% smaller than existing GC models, is used in this experiment (Fig. 1). This design allows the Brevis GC to occupy less space in the laboratory and to be eco-friendly with reduced power consumption, while maintaining analytical performance and enhancing productivity.ConclusionIn this study, the analysis of EG and DEG in three types of raw materials was successfully performed using the compact Brevis GC coupled with AOC-30i. Despite its small size, the Brevis GC demonstrated excellent capability in analyzing EG and DEG impurities in the raw materials according to the IP monographs, making it an ideal and more eco-friendly solution for this application.<h4>2. Thermo Fisher Scientific: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_002866_gc_ms_environment_pesticide_micropollutants_an002866_na_en_4763d5d892.pdf">Improved laboratory productivity with a single GC-MS/MS configuration for multipurpose environmental analysis</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>GoalThis application note will highlight a single instrument configuration, based on triple quadrupole GC-MS, to perform the analysis of various compound classes commonly monitored in the environment. This will allow laboratories to standardize on a single hardware configuration and hence greatly facilitate laboratory capacity, instrument- and consumables management, as well as streamlining staff training.IntroductionAnalytical testing laboratories play a pivotal role in monitoring common contaminants in different matrices. While data quality and compliance with established regulated methods is key in ensuring a laboratory’s reputation, productivity and fast sample turnover times are equally important to ensure profitable operation.In the field of environmental monitoring, a large variety of compound classes may be required for analysis, including both common and emerging contaminants. For volatile and semi-volatile substances, gas chromatography is the method of choice for separating pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and others. In many cases, due to previously existing methodologies, samples need to undergo several analyses on different instrument configurations, with either specific consumables, including the analytical column or a dedicated detector. This leads to a variety of protocols and potential instrument setups required in a laboratory, some of which must be run in a dual-column configuration or a confirmation on a separate instrument using a second injection is required.While mass spectrometric detection provides a much higher selectivity than analog detectors, only triple quadrupole systems provide the selectivity needed to effectively leverage selected rection monitoring (SRM) as a tool for method standardization and consolidation. The power of triple quadrupole mass spectrometry can be easily used to modernize existing workflows. Laboratories can reduce their need for instrument-specific consumables and components on-hand to reduce costs and complexity with a single instrument configuration. This application demonstrates the use of a single hardware configuration for the analysis of different environmental contaminants.ConclusionThe utilization of a single configuration GC-MS/MS for multiple environmental methods has been demonstrated in this application note. As well as being able to meet the regulatory requirements for different compound classes, there are advantages to using a single configuration for multiple analysis:<ul><li>Reduction in operation cost, including reduced training needs and centralization of consumables</li><li>Ability to react and be ready to run the required method without lengthy set up or changing instrument analytical column and hardware</li><li>Increase in instrument capacity as all systems can run all methods</li></ul>The Thermo Scientific GC-MS/MS system also increases productivity:<ul><li>The TRACE 1610 GC has a unique module design allowing injectors and detectors to be exchanged by the user and maintenance to be performed rapidly offline. The TSI injector allows a wider range of compound classes with different volatilities to be covered in a single injection. The easy-to-use touch screen provides real-time monitoring of the system and video tutorials for quick adoption.</li><li>The TSQ 9610 GC-MS/MS is equipped with Thermo Scientific™ NeverVent™ technology, which allows the GC column to be exchanged, the ionization source to be removed, and filaments to be removed without the need for breaking vacuum. This allows routine maintenance to be performed in minutes and increases system uptime drastically.</li></ul>In summary, this single GC-MS/MS configuration can greatly simplify the workflows of environmental laboratories and increase efficiency and productivity, reduce costs, and maximize revenue.<h4>3. Shimadzu: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ap_aplnote96_en_5f0a892b7f.pdf">Study on the Mechanism of Early Delivery by Multi-Omics Analysis of Metabolites, Elements and Bacterial Flora in Amniotic Fluid</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>AbstractA gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS-TQ™8040 NX) and an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX-7200) were used to analyze metabolites (488 components) and elements (78 elements) contained in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women. These data were combined with amniotic fluid microbiota (approximately 250 species of microorganisms) measured using a miniature next-generation sequencer (MinION Mk1C System, Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Inc.) and 16 items of labor data (e.g., neonatal weight) to analyze differences between preterm and normal births. Volcano plot and metabolic pathway analyses were performed using Multi-omics Analysis Package based on the 740 items detected. In this application, we introduce an example of multi-omics analysis conducted by gender and time series.IntroductionPreterm delivery refers to delivery at a gestational age of 22 weeks or less than 37 weeks, which can have a significant impact on the health and development of the newborn and the life of the family. This problem occurs worldwide: in 2020, 1/10 of all births were preterm1) (Fig. 1). Prematurity is the leading cause of early childhood mortality, so there is an urgent need to promote research on preterm birth.However, the global rate of premature birth reduction from 2010 to 2020 was only 0.14 %, indicating that the birth cycle has not improved. It is known that preterm birth is closely related to amniotic fluid, and it is used as a research object in preterm birth2). Amniotic fluid is approximately 500 mL of water, contains fetal urine, sloughed cells, inflammatory substances, etc., and is a valuable source of information for understanding fetal growth and health3). Measuring metabolites in amniotic fluid helps assess the fetus's metabolic activity and nutritional status. Elemental measurements can also determine the extent of fetal development and environmental exposure. It is also essential to measure the bacterial flora in the amniotic fluid. It has been found that about 80 % of preterm births occur in pregnant women who have a chain of bacterial infections from the vagina to the uterus and from the uterus to the amniotic fluid 4).In this study, we used a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer GCMS-TQ8040 NX, an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer EDX-7200, and a miniature next-generation sequencer MinION Mk1C to measure primary metabolites, elements, and flora in the amniotic fluid of preterm and term pregnant women (Fig. 2). These data were combined with 16 birth delivery data items (e.g., female age, newborn weight, etc.), and the differences in amniotic fluid content between preterm and term births were visualized using Multi-omics Analysis Package.ConclusionAmniotic fluid from 6 pregnant women (3 preterm births and 3 term births) was measured using a next-generation sequencer (MinION Systems, Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Inc.), a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GCMS-TQ8040 NX), and an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX-7200) to evaluate the intestinal microbiota (approximately 250 species of microorganisms), metabolites (approximately 500 components), and elements (approximately 80 elements). Metabolic pathway analysis was performed using Multi-omics Analysis Package based on approximately 700 items detected.In metabolic pathway analysis, not only the accumulated amount of metabolites, but also the ratio of product/substrate or its reciprocal substrate/product was automatically created in Multi-omics Analysis Package and used as a new variable to be read into class cluster analysis, etc., thereby enabling statistical analysis from a perspective different from the accumulated amount.<h4>4. Agilent Technologies: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/application_allergens_cosmetics_8890_gc_7000e_gc_tq_5994_7523en_agilent_1_efe6a8870d.pdf">Highly Selective GC/TQ Analysis of 57 Allergens in Cosmetic Products</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul><h5>Featuring the Agilent 8890 GC and Agilent 7000E GC/TQ systems</h5>AbstractWith the expansion of the list of potential allergens, cosmetics manufacturers need to identify, quantify, and label the contents in their products. Cosmetic products are complex mixtures, which can be challenging to analyze due to the presence of many compounds that could cause chromatographic and spectral interferences.In this application note, an Agilent 8890 GC with a dual-column setup and an Agilent 7000E GC/TQ provide high selectivity for the analysis of 57 allergen fragrance substances and their relevant isomers in cosmetic products. This GC/TQ method is quickly and easily transferred from an existing gas chromatograph/mass selective detector (GC/MSD) method using Agilent MassHunter Optimizer software. The high selectivity and reliable quantitation of the GC/TQ method increase confidence in data by reducing uncertainty caused by coelution and therefore the risk of false positives and negatives.IntroductionAllergens include diverse compounds, both synthetic and natural, that cause allergic reactions in sensitive people. Allergens can be found in many cosmetic products, including shower gels, soaps, shampoos, creams, makeup, etc. These compounds are often not intentionally added to cosmetics during manufacturing, but are substances contained in the base ingredients that make up the final product. This work focuses on a method to determine allergens commonly found in fragrance substances.Regulating agencies around the world have—and are frequently updating—regulations around allergens in consumer products, like cosmetics and fragrances. In 2012, the European Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) identified 87 fragrance substances that can cause allergies in humans. So, in 2023, the European Commission published Regulation 2023/1545, amending Regulation (EC) Number 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, concerning the labeling of allergenic substances in cosmetic products.1 The new regulation expanded the historical list of 26 allergens to 87 compounds.These regulations are not limited to Europe. The Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022 (MoCRA) is the most significant expansion of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s authority to regulate cosmetics since the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FD&amp;C) Act was passed in 1938.2 These updated laws and regulations help to ensure the safety of cosmetic products. To determine the presence of allergens in cosmetics, a sensitive and selective analytical technique is required, such as analysis by GC/TQ.ConclusionMigrating an established GC/MSD-based allergen analysis to GC/TQ is quick and easy, and it improves method selectivity. The same chromatographic and MS source method parameters, columns, and consumables can be used for the new GC/TQ method. For the new MS acquisition method, Agilent MassHunter Optimizer software can be automated to determine optimal MRM transitions for the GC/TQ method using the SIM ions from the original GC/MSD method. The resulting improved GC/TQ method selectivity increases confidence in data, reducing the risk of false positives and negatives for coeluting target allergens. The new GC/TQ method in this work provides reliable quantitation for the analysis of 57 allergen fragrance substances and their relevant isomers in cosmetic products using an Agilent 8890 GC with an Agilent 7000E GC/TQ.

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 45, 2024

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 11th November 2024? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications by Agilent Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and Shimadzu!<h4>1. Agilent Technologies: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_solvents_additives_lithium_battery_8850_gc_5994_7838en_agilent_2c941af653.pdf">Solvents and Additives Analysis in Lithium Battery Electrolytes Using the Agilent 8850 GC System and Applying It to Real Samples</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>AbstractThe electrolyte is a key component in lithium-ion batteries, playing a vital role in transferring and conducting current between the positive and negative electrodes. The selection and optimization of electrolyte components are important in improving battery performance. Therefore, the analysis of electrolyte composition is an essential task in the lithium battery industry. This application note introduces an analytical method for determining carbonate solvents and additives in lithium battery electrolytes based on the Agilent 8850 gas chromatography (GC) system with a flame-ionization detector (FID). In this study, standard samples were used for method evaluation, and excellent performance results in terms of linearity, reproducibility, and detection limits were obtained. Real samples were run to investigate the impact of high acid and high salt samples on the performance of the entire GC system. Compared to undiluted samples, diluted samples can significantly extend the lifespan of the liner and column.IntroductionThe lithium battery industry is a rapidly growing sector, largely driven by the increasing demand for electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. Lithium batteries are known for their high energy density and long cycle life. One of the four key materials in lithium batteries, the electrolyte, has main components including organic solvents, lithium salts, and a small amount of additives. The solvents in the electrolyte, such as ethylene carbonate (EC) or dimethyl carbonate (DMC), determine its ionic conductivity and stability. An optimal blend of solvents can enhance the battery's efficiency and lifespan. Additives are also crucial, as they can improve the electrolyte's performance and safety. For instance, they can suppress the formation of harmful byproducts, enhance the stability of the electrolyte, and improve the interface between the electrolyte and electrode. Therefore, analyzing and identifying the composition of carbonate compounds and additives in the electrolyte of lithium batteries is of great significance for performance study and quality control in the lithium battery industry.An earlier Agilent application note demonstrated the use of the Agilent 5977B single quadrupole gas chromatography/mass selective detector (GC/MSD) system to measure carbonate solvents and additives in the electrolyte. The note detailed the accurate quantification of target compounds and the qualitative analysis of unknown additives or impurities.1 In 2023, another application note was published describing the determination of carbonate and additive compounds in the electrolyte with the Agilent 8860 GC/FID system.2 Compared with GC/MSD, the GC/FID configuration is easier to use and more cost-effective for users. It is very suitable for laboratories that only need to quantify target compounds and do not need to detect unknown substances. This application note was developed based on the latest small-size, high-performance 8850 GC/FID system. With an effective analytical method established, the impact of running a large number of real samples on the overall GC system performance was examined, particularly the effects of the consumables on the GC inlet and the lifespan of the column.ConclusionThis application note introduces an analytical method for determining carbonate solvent and some additive compounds in lithium battery electrolytes based on an Agilent 8850 GC system with FID. The performance results for the linearity, repeatability, and detection limit of 13 target compounds indicate the outstanding sensitivity and reliability of this system. By running undiluted real samples, the impact of high-salt, high-acid samples on the entire system was explored. This study also demonstrates that even after more than 400 runs, the whole system can still maintain excellent stability after the real samples have been diluted 100x. Injecting diluted samples can ensure that the system operates at its best performance and greatly extend the life of consumables. In summary, this method using the 8850 GC system with FID provides an easy-to-use, cost-effective, and stable platform for electrolyte analysis.<h4>2. Agilent Technologies: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_luma_multichannel_vacuum_ultraviolet_detector_5994_7848en_agilent_db7e560ba8.pdf">LUMA Multichannel Vacuum Ultraviolet Detector on an Agilent 8890 GC</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>IntroductionThe LUMA multichannel vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) detector is a unique gas chromatography (GC) detector that covers a wide range of applications such as petrochemical, environmental, food, and pharmaceutical analysis. The LUMA detector is considered a universal detector with high sensitivity and a large linear range. Similar to other UV-Vis methodologies, Beer's Law is the detector's guiding principle of quantitation, making the LUMA a concentration-based detector.The LUMA operates across the electromagnetic spectrum, from the VUV region at 118 nm to the visible light region at 1,050 nm. Light is generated by a specialized deuterium lamp that is housed within the detector box. This light is then collimated by a fixed mirror and directed through a heated flow cell, where it interacts with the analytes. A photodiode array captures the transmitted light and converts it into an electrical signal. For ease of use, this signal is divided into 12 bands, spanning wavelengths from 118 to 1,050 nm, based on discrete energy levels, as shown in Figure 1.In this application brief, the LUMA detector was paired with an Agilent 8890 GC and Agilent J&amp;W DB-1 column to demonstrate the analysis capabilities of the system.ConclusionThe LUMA multichannel VUV detector and Agilent 8890 GC equipped with an Agilent J&amp;W DB-1 column together yield a wide range of linearity, high area repeatability, excellent peak resolution, and Gaussian peak shape. With the combination of the VUV spectral data and peak retention time, users can confidently identify the analytes in the sample.<h4>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/cs_003090_gc_ms_orbitrap_exploris_exposomics_cs003090_na_en_974ecd6971.pdf">Supporting exposomics research with the Orbitrap Exploris GC 240 mass spectrometer</a></h4><ul><li>Case study</li></ul><blockquote>“Our objective is to characterize the environment on a larger scale and to better understand the exposures that occur in human populations to mixtures of thousands of chemicals.”– Associate Professor Douglas Walker, Emory University, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA</blockquote>What is exposomics?The exposome, which is defined as the cumulative effect of environmental exposures and corresponding biological responses, helps to provide a comprehensive measure for evaluating non-genetic causes of disease. Exposomics is the study of the exposome that seeks to understand and quantify the totality of a human's lifetime exposure to various environmental factors, including chemical, physical, and biological agents. In essence, it involves assessing and analyzing the complex interactions between environmental exposures and an individual's genetic makeup, lifestyle, and other factors to understand their impact on human health and disease. By examining the cumulative effects of multiple exposures over time, exposomics provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of disease development and can inform strategies for prevention and intervention.SummaryThe ability to measure the complexity of the exposome has been limited by the available analytical technology to detect complex exposures patterns at varying concentrations. By using untargeted approaches with high-resolution mass spectrometry, it is possible to detect and identify ongoing exposures that may have not been expected or characterized. High-resolution, full scan mass spectrometry using Orbitrap technology provides a solution for:<ul><li>Detection and quantification of compounds using an untargeted full scan acquisition that is both highly selective and sensitive.</li><li>Identification and elucidation of the chemical composition of unknown compounds.</li><li>Retrospective analysis of samples long after data acquisition.</li></ul>The combined capability of both the Orbitrap Exploris GC 240 mass spectrometer and Compound Discoverer software with spectral libraries is an excellent tool to support exposomics research.<h4>4. Shimadzu: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00742_en_0006c6dd46.pdf">Evaluation of Aroma Characteristics Using the Smart Aroma Database - Simple Calculation of OAV</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>User Benefits<ul><li>The Smart Aroma Database’s semi-quantitative function (SQF) can be used to calculate approximate quantitative values.</li><li>The SQF can calculate the Odor Activity Value, which evaluates the contribution of aromatic compounds to the overall aroma.</li><li>The SQF can be used only by preparing two types of designated sensitivity-correcting reagents</li></ul>IntroductionAroma is an important factor in determining the palatability of foods and beverages. Aromas are made up of many compounds, and the concentration of compounds at which are perceived as an aroma varies based on compounds. To determine the extent to which the constituent compounds contribute to an aroma, it is crucial to establish if they are present in concentrations that exceed the sensory threshold.The Smart Aroma Database features a semi-quantitative function (SQF) that enables users to calculate approximate quantitative values (semi-quantitative concentrations) of an identified compounds without using a standard sample, so using the SQF enables more efficient workflows during quantitative analysis of aroma characteristics.One indicator for evaluating the contribution of a particular aromatic compound to the overall aroma is the Odor Activity Value or OAV, which is calculated by dividing the aroma compound concentration by its sensory threshold value. However, calculating the OAV can be labor-intensive because it involves the following three steps: (1) identifying compounds using qualitative analysis, (2) generating a calibration curve and performing quantitative analysis, and (3) setting the sensory thresholds. Therefore, this study investigated the feasibility of efficiently evaluating aroma characteristics using the Smart Aroma Database’s SQF.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate that using the Smart Aroma Database enables efficient calculation of OAV. The Smart Aroma Database supports the quick acquisition of data required for aroma analysis

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 46, 2024

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 18th November 2024? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications and posters by Agilent Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Metrohm, and Shimadzu!<h4>1. Agilent Technologies: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/5991_9356_EN_590f86441b.pdf">Determination of Carbonate Solvents and Additives in Lithium Battery Electrolyte Using the Agilent 5977B GC/MSD</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>AbstractThis application note describes a method for determining carbonate solvents and additives in lithium battery electrolyte using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=5977B">Agilent 5977B</a> single quadrupole gas chromatography/mass selective detector (GC/MSD). In this method, direct liquid injection is adopted. At a split ratio of 20:1, the target compounds achieved good linearity in a concentration range of 10–500 mg/L. This method has excellent reproducibility, and the instrument detection limits (IDL) for all of the 15 target compounds analyzed were below 1.3 mg/L. During the analysis of the actual electrolyte samples, diluted injection can be used to accurately quantify the target compounds and qualitatively identify unknown additives or impurities.IntroductionLithium battery electrolyte is the carrier of ion transport in a lithium battery, which is generally composed of lithium salt and organic solvent. In the electrolyte, the commonly used lithium salt is LiPF6 , and the solvent is a binary, ternary, or multinary system composed of a mixture of cyclic carbonates and chain carbonates. Selecting the right organic electrolyte is the key to achieving a higher energy density, a longer cycle life, and greater battery safety. Lithium battery manufacturers also add specific additives to extend battery life. Therefore, studies on the composition of lithium battery electrolyte play an important role in the development of new lithium batteries.GC/MS analysis is commonly used in the studies on lithium battery electrolyte, and can accurately and quantitatively analyze the major components of the organic solvent in the electrolyte. Meanwhile, the strong qualitative capacity of mass spectrometry can also qualitatively identify and analyze unknown additives and impurities.This application note describes the method for determining carbonate and carboxylate solvents and additives in lithium battery electrolyte using the 5977B GC/MSD. In regard to the fact that LiPF6 , the main component of the electrolyte, is unstable and can easily decompose, diluted injection was adopted, which ensured good sensitivity, linearity, and reproducibility.ConclusionIn this application note, a method for analyzing carbonate solvents and additives in lithium battery electrolyte was developed with an Agilent 7890 GC and Agilent 5977B GC/MSD. The method is easy to use, and can achieve great separation, a wide linear range, and excellent reproducibility and sensitivity for various components in the electrolyte, making it very suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic solvents, additives, and impurities in lithium battery electrolyte.<h4>2. Shimadzu / <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/292">AOAC</a>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Th_P264_ASMS_poster_pesticide_GC_MSMS_beb4879814.pdf">Simultaneous Analysis of Pesticides in Food With GC-MS/MS Using Hydrogen Carrier Gas</a></h4><ul><li>Poster / <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Th_P264_ASMS_poster_pesticide_GC_MSMS_beb4879814.pdf">AOAC</a></li></ul>IntroductionIn GC-MS/MS analysis, helium gas is generally used as the carrier gas; however, in recent years the shortage of supply and the soaring price of helium gas have resulted in a need to pivot to other options. To address this problem, hydrogen gas is being used as an alternative carrier gas. The characteristics of hydrogen gas are different from those of helium gas, however, and methods using helium gas must be adjusted to appropriate conditions for hydrogen gas. We have developed a quantitative analysis method for 216 pesticides with GC-MS/MS using hydrogen gas. Using this method, good recovery results were obtained in food samples.ConclusionsUsing hydrogen gas as an alternative carrier gas, we simultaneously analyzed 216 food-borne agrochemicals using an ultra-sensitive triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=GCMS-TQ8050+NX">GCMS-TQ8050 NX</a> combined with AOC-30i and AOC-20s U as injectors.Good recovery rate within 70 ~ 120% were obtained for 70% to 74% of the compounds. This system enables simultaneous analysis of multiple pesticides with high sensitivity and accuracy.<h4>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific / <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/170">RAFA</a>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/PFAS_analysis_strategy_story_direct_injection_DLLME_LC_MS_MS_LC_Orbitrap_GC_Orbitrap_7592743c1a.pdf">PFAS analysis strategy story – direct injection, DLLME, LC-MS/MS, LC- Orbitrap / GC-Orbitrap</a></h4><ul><li>Poster / <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/170">RAFA</a></li></ul><h5>Abstract</h5>Purpose: This work summarizes key components of PFAS analysis. The choice between direct injection and automated sample preparation depends on the instrument's dynamic range, detection limits, and matrix complexity. Complex matrices like waste/industrial water, soil, food, and biological samples require specific preparation techniques to mitigate matrix effects and ensure accurate quantification. Techniques such as Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) can significantly improve concentration factors and reduce matrix interference, enhancing overall method performance. Additionally, the choice of the analyzer is a critical consideration.Methods: Direct injection of water sample was performed on Thermo Scientific TSQ Altis Plus triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. For those sample prepared with automated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), acquisition was performed on a Thermo Scientific <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=2&amp;search=Orbitrap+Exploris+MX">Orbitrap Exploris MX</a> high resolution mass spectrometer.Results: The methods presented achieves high-level sensitivity for PFAS analysis in drinking water, detecting compounds in the low ng/L range. Using DLLME, 56 PFAS compounds were quantified to low part per trillion levels from just 15 mL of sample. With a FAPAS®-Drinking Water proficiency test, we validated the three strategies for PFAS analysis: direct injection on TSQ Altis Plus and the DLLME extract injected on both Orbitrap Exploris MX and Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Exploris GC.<h5>Conclusions</h5><ul><li>Compared to traditional SPE workflows, direct injection improves sample throughput in laboratories by significantly reducing the required sample preparation.</li><li>The DLLME method is a promising technique for extracting and pre-concentrating PFAS from drinking water and various other matrices. Its reduced sample volume facilitates easier handling, transportation, and storage.</li><li>Both methods lower costs and environmental impact due to minimal solvent usage and the elimination of filters or SPE cartridges.</li><li>The ease of use and robustness of both LCMS methods are based on fixed configuration including SOP with detailed hardware and consumables, a complete acquisition and processing method with customized view settings and reports, and all data handling performed with Chromeleon CDS 7.3.2.</li></ul><h4>4. Metrohm: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_nir_121_download_0bb1185dc9.pdf">Water content in propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME)</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul><h5>Water determination possible within seconds using NIRS</h5>Propylene glycol monomethyl ether (1-methoxy-2-propanol, or PGME) is one of many glycol ether solvents with a wide variety of applications. It is used as an intermediate and in formulations for industrial, professional, or consumer applications, mainly in surface coatings, inks for printing, cleaning solutions, deicing/anti-icing formulations, and agrochemical purposes. It is also used as an extractant and as a coalescing agent and flow improver in water-based paints.Water in propylene glycol methyl ether is usually measured by Karl Fischer (KF) titration which requires chemicals and takes about five minutes per determination. This Application Note describes how near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used as a faster and more cost-efficient alternative for water determination in PGME.CONCLUSIONThis Application Note demonstrates the feasibility to determine a key parameter for the quality control of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (water content) with NIR spectroscopy. The main advantages of NIR spectroscopy over wet chemical methods are that running costs are significantly lower and time-to-result is significantly reduced. Additionally, no chemicals are required, and the technique is non-destructive to samples.

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 47, 2024

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 25th November 2024? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications and other documents by Agilent Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shimadzu, and a poster from Analytica by LECO!<h4>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AN_003378_Determination_of_sulfur_containing_compounds_formaldehyde_and_organic_halides_in_hydrogen_37d3ef50c9.pdf">Determination of sulfur-containing compounds, formaldehyde, and organic halides in hydrogen for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell vehicles</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>GoalThe goal of this application note is to demonstrate a suitable analytical method that can be applied for the determination of sulfur-containing compounds, formaldehyde, and organic halides in hydrogen used for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell vehicles in compliance with the Chinese regulation (GB/T 37244-2018) by using thermal desorption coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and sulfur chemiluminescence detection (SCD).IntroductionThe past energy crisis and global warming led researchers to find alternative cleaner and emission-free energy sources. Hydrogen has been identified as a very promising energy carrier or fuel due to its exceptional energy per mass content. The proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has garnered considerable attention and represents a breakthrough technology for automotive applications due to its capability to convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity with only water as a by-product. Studies have shown that impurities such as CO, CO2, NH3, formaldehyde, halogenated compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds in hydrogen can cause serious damage to the performance of PEMFC by reducing its service life. Therefore, an accurate assessment of hydrogen purity is extremely important. This application note is focused on the determination of sulfur-containing compounds, formaldehyde, and organic halide impurities in hydrogen gas.ConclusionThe results obtained in this study demonstrated that the Markes UNITY–CIA Advantage-xr pre-concentrator combined with the TRACE 1610 GC equipped with the SCD detector and connected to an ISQ 7610 single quadrupole mass spectrometer provides a highly performing solution for selective and sensitive analysis of some critical hydrogen impurities in compliance with the requirements of the Chinese regulation.<ul><li>R2 values were ≥ 0.995 for all the investigated compounds with linear ranges from 0.1 to 10 nmol/mol for sulfur-containing compounds, from 1 to 400 nmol/mol for formaldehyde, and from 1 to 100 nmol/mol for organic halides, with RSD of response factors well below the acceptance limit of 30%.</li><li>LODs calculated as 3.143 × S0 resulted close to 0.01 nmol/mol for sulfur-containing compounds, 0.04 nmol/mol for formaldehyde, and between 0.06 and 0.095 nmol/mol for organic halides.</li><li>Peak area repeatability was &lt;12% for all the target analytes.</li></ul><h4>2. Shimadzu: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00745_en_c333797ed9.pdf">Analysis of Diethylene Glycol in Glycerin Using Brevis GC-2050</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>User Benefits<ul><li>The compact Brevis GC-2050 allows for high-throughput analysis by increasing the number of operational units in the lab.</li><li>Despite its small size, the Brevis GC-2050 achieves uncompromised analytical performance, enabling the analysis of concentrated glycerin in compliance with pharmacopeial standards.</li></ul>IntroductionIn response to the issue of contamination in pharmaceuticals and toothpaste with diethylene glycol, certain parts of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia were revised through Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Notification No. 32 (February 21, 2008). In Application News G259 “Analysis of Diethylene Glycol in Glycerin,” a measurement example conforming to the pharmacopoeial requirements is introduced using GC-2010. While each country has its own official methods, this application conducted measurements on a Brevis GC-2050 under conditions where the Split/Splitless injection unit (SPL) temperature was set higher, taking into consideration that the sample component has a high boiling point, with reference to the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.ConclusionA sample was prepared for the analysis of concentrated glycerin as described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, and the analysis was conducted by the condition specified in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. Good separation and reproducibility were confirmed.<h4>3. Agilent Technologies: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ebook_gcms_faq_5994_7643en_agilent_d81a1e0189.pdf">GC and GC/MS Frequently Asked Questions</a></h4><ul><li>Guide</li></ul>Table of ContentsIn this eBook, you’ll find answers to the questions that Agilent technical experts hear most often from our GC and GC/MS customers. To instantly access the information you need, click the following links or use the navigation tabs at the bottom of each page.General Knowledge<ul><li>How does chromatography work?</li><li>Why is GC column polarity important?</li><li>What is the significance of GC column dimensions?</li><li>What are the basic principles and mechanisms of GC/MS?</li><li>How do chemical and electron impact ionization differ?</li><li>What is the difference between standard, mass spec, and Ultra Inert columns?</li><li>What is headspace and how does it work?</li><li>What is the difference between split and splitless?</li><li>How do I choose the right carrier gas for my detector?</li><li>What should I consider when using hydrogen as an alternate to helium carrier gas?</li><li>How does the Agilent HydroInert source preserve spectral fidelity with hydrogen carrier gas?</li><li>What solvent is best for liquid injection on GC/MS?</li></ul>Maintenance<ul><li>How often should I change columns?</li><li>How often should I change liners?</li><li>How do I check for leaks?</li><li>When should I replace the filaments?</li><li>Can preslit vial cap septa prevent septa leakage into the inlet or sample?</li><li>I use the MS with complex matrices every day. Should I tune daily or weekly?</li><li>What chemicals should I use to perform a standard instrument check?</li><li>When replacing and conditioning a column, should I install it into the MS?</li><li>How does JetClean maximize instrument uptime and productivity?</li><li>How do I prevent loss of column efficiency and resolution?</li></ul>Method Development and Optimization<ul><li>How do I develop methods in MRM/SRM mode?</li><li>How do I select an internal standard (ISTD) for my GC/MS analysis?</li><li>How do I select the right MSD for my sample or analytical requirements?</li><li>How do I choose the right mass spectrometer?</li><li>What are the rules of thumb for choosing an inlet liner?</li><li>What is a good approach for analyzing unknown compounds?</li><li>Can I quantify GC/MS results in either scan or SIM mode?</li></ul>Troubleshooting<ul><li>How do I improve peak shape?</li><li>How do I improve resolution?</li><li>How do I improve signal-to-noise levels?</li><li>What causes spiking and how do I avoid it?</li><li>What can cause a negative peak in GC/MS?</li><li>Where do ghost peaks come from?</li><li>What can cause split peaks, peak tailing, and drifting baselines?</li><li>Why is water difficult to observe in GC and how can it be quantified using GC?</li><li>How do I determine the source of contamination within my chromatograph?</li></ul><h4>4. LECO / <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/295">Analytica</a>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Cannabis_Characterization_BT_G_Cx_GC_SA_CK_ANALYTIKA_SA_24_LPSS_317_edc6c55493.pdf">Cannabis Characterization Using GC and GCxGC with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry</a></h4><ul><li>Poster (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/295">Analytica</a>)</li></ul>Cannabis is a complex plant containing a variety of naturally occurring organic compounds in a wide range of concentrations, as well as xenobiotics (i.e., polyaromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, etc.). Among these constituents, the cannabinoids, terpenes, and terpenoids are commonly recognized for their therapeutic properties. This plant has two main subspecies—Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa—that can be differentiated by their different physical characteristics. Indica-dominant strains are short plants with broad, dark green leaves and have higher cannabidiol content than the sativa plants in which THC content is higher. Sativa-dominant strains are usually taller and have thin leaves with a pale green colour.The legalization of this drug has also led to an increasing amount of consumer products being infused with CBD, marketed and sold for medicinal and recreational purposes. Thus, it is imperative that we are able to determine its total composition as this is important in determining potency and medical effectiveness (Entourage Effect). In this study, we use GC with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOF-MS) to assist in the determination of its risks and benefits. This powerful tool provides chromatographic separation with high-quality deconvoluted mass spectral data allowing for comprehensive analysis, identification, and quantification of targeted and non-targeted analytes.ConclusionGCxGC-TOFMS facilitates compound identification, Library searches, and Mass ∆ calculations. Data was used to develop maps for quantitative analysis, cannabis classification, and sample comparison. Cannabis comparison via statistical processing was performed using ChromaTOF Tile (based on Fisher ratios) and could also perform PCA analysis.

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 48, 2024

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 2nd December 2024? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications by Agilent Technologies and Thermo Fisher Scientific, a poster from AOAC by Shimadzu, and a poster from ASMS by LECO!<h4>1. Agilent Technologies: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_terpene_cannabis_gc_fid_5994_7684en_agilent_1_2d2cf2f631.pdf">Fast Analysis of 22 Terpenes in Hemp and Cannabis with the Agilent 9000 Intuvo GC with FID using Hydrogen Carrier Gas</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>AbstractThis application note describes the procedure for the analysis of 22 common terpenes in cannabis and hemp using the Agilent Intuvo gas chromatograph (GC) and flame ionization detector (FID), with hydrogen carrier gas, and post column backflush. The GC injection‑to‑injection cycle time was 10 minutes allowing for six samples per hour. A group of 1,200 hemp samples were analyzed to test the robustness of the method, and to determine a maintenance schedule.IntroductionTerpenes are the main flavor and aromatic components of cannabis and hemp. Strains can be identified by their specific fingerprint for these terpenes. The abundance of particular terpenes may also indicate the character and usefulness of a particular strain. This identification also allows cultivators to monitor the consistency of their particular strains from one crop to the next, and to maintain better quality control. With ever‑increasing varieties of cannabis flowers and the number of individual tests performed, the overall speed of analysis time has become more important.Helium has been used as the carrier gas for most GC analyses. Recent limitations on its availability have added to the cost of testing. This application focuses on a fast and robust analysis of 22 of the most common terpenes found for strain identification, as well as providing information for labeling purposes. This application utilizes hydrogen carrier gas with flame ionization detection (FID) to help shorten the analysis time and therefore, keep the cost per sample down.ConclusionThis method proved to be a very robust, high throughput method with a GC cycle time of only 10 minutes (6 samples/hour). This study showed that the regular maintenance of changing liners, septa, and Guard Chips when needed, maintained retention time and curve stability. The use of backflushing helped keep the Guard Chip and inlet cleaner and minimized maintenance.All calibration curves showed great linear response across the concentration range, through all 12 calibration standards, as seen in Figure 3.Reminders can be set up using counters to alert the analyst when maintenance is needed according to the user's desired sample load. Being careful to install the liner in the same fashion helps to keep the tolerance of the CCV results within the ± 20% limits. It is noted and shown in Figure 4 that there may be additional terpenes present in samples that are not covered by the terpenes in the standards for this application. If this is of concern, a more encompassing standard may be used. Also, using a mass spectral detector may be more beneficial for the application.2 Other matrices may require a revised maintenance schedule.<h4>2. LECO / <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/296">ASMS</a>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/NIST_LIBRARY_MATCH_QUALITY_HRT_MMS_CF_ASMS_24_LPSS_320_90d3c6e8c9.pdf">Evaluation of the NIST Library Matching Quality of Mass Spectra Generated by the GC-HR-TOFMS with Multi-Mode Ionization Source</a></h4><ul><li>Poster (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/296">ASMS</a>)</li></ul>IntroductionComparison of electron ionization spectra against standardized libraries is a staple approach to compound identification in non-targeted GC-MS analysis. High-quality matches are central to the pace of, and confidence in, such analyses. Recent developments in gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry have progressed non-targeted analysis applications to a wide variety of studies. However, modern ion-optical design principles which allow gains in sensitivity and resolving power may inadvertently alter fragmentation patterns, which may in turn affect the reliability of automated comparisons against standard libraries. Thus, thorough evaluation and validation of the high-quality spectra matching to the standard libraries, like NIST, is necessary for comprehensive assessment of the promised benefits of new technologies.ConclusionsThis multi-mode ionization source, as assessed using these 207 diverse analytes, generates fragmentation patterns which align very well with the NIST spectral library. Across all analytes in standard solutions, the mean library match score was 935 and the standard deviation for this value was 24.2. Mean match scores were agreeable regardless of moieties present. Percent differences for MRPS #2 spiked into a Pu’er Tea and MRPS #8 spiked into a dietary supplement were - 3.75 % and -1.44 %, illustrating how the system can easily maintain spectral confidence even in complex matrices. Overall, this study suggests the electron ionization mode of this multi-mode ion source, in combination with its high-resolution time of flight mass analyzer, yields spectra in excellent agreement with the quadruple dominated NIST library.<h4>3. Shimadzu / <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/292">AOAC</a>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/aoac_2024_1_m034_5346b45c51.pdf">Qualification and Quantification of Residual Pesticides in Ginger by GCMS using Simultaneous Ultra-fast Scan and SIM</a></h4><ul><li>Poster (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/292">AOAC</a>)</li></ul>IntroductionInterest in food safety has grown, resulting in a trend of tightening global regulations for residual pesticides in produce. Selected Ion monitoring (SIM) in GC/MS is a common technique used for pesticide analysis while Scan mode is often used in non-targeted screening.This study demonstrates a SIM analysis of pesticides, including calibration and repeatability in ginger root matrix. In addition to targeted analysis, in this work we performed simultaneous untargeted analysis with Ultra-fast Scan analysis, maximizing the use of the GCMS-QP2050. NIST library search results are shown for untargeted components.ConclusionThe GCMS-QP2050 demonstrates sensitivity and reproducibility in analyzing pesticides in produce using SIM data obtained from simultaneous Scan/SIM analysis. Ultra-fast scan supports accurate identification of target compounds alongside SIM analysis without interference. Scan results provide MS spectrum patterns for identifying unknown compounds, assisting in non-target screening.<h4>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_002549_gc_ms_hesaver_h2safer_epa_1668_pcbs_an002549_na_en_4b122a7fbb.pdf">Environmental analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at reduced running costs using hydrogen as carrier gas</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>GoalThe aim of this application note is to compare the performance of the Thermo Scientific™ TSQ™ 9610 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled to the Thermo Scientific™ TRACE ™ 1610 GC with hydrogen versus helium as the carrier gas for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls. For guidance on the analytical performance of the proposed method, acceptance criteria as per U.S. EPA Method 1668 were considered.IntroductionPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of industrial organic chemicals consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine atoms. Due to their non-flammability, chemical stability, high boiling point, and electrical insulating properties, PCBs were used in hundreds of industrial and commercial applications including electrical, hydraulic equipment, plasticizers, plastics, rubber products, and dyes. The production of these compounds has been banned in the United States since 19771 because of their persistence in the environment and their tendency to enter the food chain and bioaccumulate in living organisms due to their lipophilicity.There are currently 209 known PCBs congeners that can be divided into two groups according to their structural and toxicological characteristics:<ul><li>Non-dioxin-like PCBs (non-DL-PCBs), which represent the majority of the PCB congeners, are characterized by a lower degree of toxicity.</li><li>Dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) include the 12 most toxic congeners (non‐ortho PCBs 77, 81, 126, 169 and mono‐ortho PCBs 105, 114, 118, 123, 156, 157, 167, 189), which have structures and toxicities similar to dioxins.</li></ul>DL-PCBs are classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and they have been regulated under the Stockholm Convention for POPs since 2001.2 Following the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) developed an analytical method, U.S. EPA Method 1668 and following revisions3 that can be applied for the determination of PCBs in wastewater, surface waters, soil, sediments, biosolids, and tissue matrices using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS).3 However, recent advances in gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry allow for high sensitivity and selectivity, leading to the consideration of GC-MS/MS as a reliable tool for PCBs analysis.This application note reproduces the experiments described in a previously published application note,4 where polychlorinated biphenyls were analyzed using helium carrier gas. Here, helium was replaced by hydrogen. Additionally, the Thermo Scientific™ HeSaver-H2Safer™ carrier gas saving technology was applied. HeSaver-H2Safer technology offers a unique solution for laboratories to minimize carrier gas consumption during both standby and operational modes. When helium is used as carrier gas, the consumption can be drastically reduced without any changes to the analytical method or deterioration of performance. However, the Split-Splitless (SSL) injector modified to work in the HeSaver-H2 Safer mode can be used also in conjunction with hydrogen as a carrier gas, where the limited and fixed carrier gas flow allows for safe usage without the need to install additional sensors. At the same time, the hydrogen gas consumption is equally reduced and will lead to further cost savings, allowing laboratories to run their instrumentation longer on a single gas tank or using gas generators.SummaryThe HeSaver-H2Safer inlet allows laboratories full flexibility to select the carrier gas of choice between helium and hydrogen, while achieving a significant reduction of the consumption. With a simple upgrade to the standard Thermo Scientific™ iConnect SSL injector, the HeSaver-H2Safer inlet allows for the use of an inert and inexpensive gas for inlet pressurization, whereas the main carrier gas flow is limited to the column flow only.<ul><li>The use of hydrogen as carrier gas has been demonstrated as an alternative to helium for the analysis of PCBs, reducing the overall cost of running the laboratory.</li><li>The use of the HeSaver-H2Safer inlet reduces the amount of hydrogen going into the gas chromatography system such that safe operation is assured anytime, and no hydrogen sensor is needed inside the GC oven.</li><li>Hydrogen did not affect the linearity range; all compounds showed a linear response from 0.1 to 2000 ppb, with avarage R 2 &gt;0.999.</li><li>The TSQ 9610 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer provided excellent IDLs with hydrogen carrier gas, comparable to those obtained with helium.</li><li>The variation of ion ratios was less than 12% for all PCBs at 0.05 ppb.</li></ul>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 49, 2024

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 9th December 2024? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications and other documents by Agilent Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and Shimadzu!<h4>1. Shimadzu: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/c146_e456_89137ab83b.pdf">Smart Metabolites Database Ver. 2</a></h4><ul><li>Brochure</li></ul>Supporting food development with newly added sugars and functional compoundsThe Smart Metabolites Database ™ is a GC-MS(/MS) database that contains the information needed for analyzing metabolic compounds. Ver. 2 contains an additional number of registered compounds, focusing on plant secondary metabolites, such as catechins and chlorogenic acids, that are garnering interest as functional compounds, for more expansive analysis of food samples. In total, the Smart Metabolites Database Ver. 2 enables simultaneous analysis of more than 600 compounds, making it a powerful tool for marker discovery in metabolomics analysis.The database also offers dedicated methods for fatty acids, and sugars and provides total support for metabolic compound analysis.This database was developed through guidance from the Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, the Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Hyogo College of Medicine and Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University. Part of this database was obtained as a result of development work related to the project for "Development of fundamental technologies for promoting industrial application of human stem cells and development of fundamental evaluation technologies for practical application of human stem cells" commissioned by Japan's New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).<ul><li>Automated, Highly Sensitive Detection of Metabolic Compounds by MRM Measurement</li><li>Time and Labor Savings</li><li>Offers Quantitative Sugar Analysis</li><li>Total Support for Food Metabolomics Analysis</li></ul><h4>2. Agilent Technologies: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_catalytic_ammonia_cracking_990_micro_gc_5994_7904en_agilent_63738c6157.pdf">Catalytic Ammonia Cracking: Reaction Monitoring Using the Agilent 990 Micro GC System</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>AbstractAmmonia (NH3) decomposition facilitates hydrogen production. Monitoring the reactants and contaminants of ammonia decomposition, including NH3, H2, N2, and H2O, is highly important for catalytic performance as well as activity measurements. In this work, an Agilent 990 Micro GC system configured with an Agilent CP‑Molsieve channel and an Agilent CP‑Volamine channel is demonstrated to analyze NH3, H2, N2, and H2O across a wide concentration range. Notably, the analysis can be completed within one minute. The method's performance, including repeatability, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and carryover was evaluated, and the results were satisfactory.IntroductionNH3 has tremendous potential as a clean liquid fuel. NH3 may play an essential role in the decarbonization of hard‑to‑abate sectors, such as shipping, power generation, and heavy‑duty transportation, which will accelerate the global journey to net zero and facilitate sustainable development.1 Composed entirely of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3 itself can be employed as an energy source with the potential for zero "tailpipe" carbon emissions. NH3 can also be catalytically decomposed to its constituent elements as a convenient way to transport and store clean hydrogen.2The ammonia decomposition reaction (2NH3 &amp; N2 + 3H2) facilitates hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2) production. Each mole of NH3 generates two moles of gas (0.5 mol N2, 1.5 mol H2), creating a self‑dilution effect. As a result, a reactor at 50% conversion with an ultrahigh purity NH3 feed will create an effluent stream containing only 33% NH3. Therefore, the conversion must be calculated using Equation 1.Failure to calculate conversion using Equation 1 may lead to erroneous measurements of catalytic performance and can inflate the perceived activity (for example, 50 versus 67% conversion).With the constant improvement of emission‑free, high‑energy‑density, ammonia‑based power solutions, there is a pressing need for monitoring reactants and contaminants. Monitoring devices should be capable of measuring the required components (NH3, H2, N2, and H2O) over a wide concentration range. Furthermore, these devices should have a short response time, be inert towards reactants, and, if possible, be able to monitor multiple reactor systems or lines.For this work, a 990 Micro GC system was used to measure NH3, H2, N2, and H2O simultaneously. While the analysis of N2 and H2 using a Molsieve column in gas chromatography is well established, the methods for analyzing water and ammonia are less developed.In previous studies, the basic analysis of NH3 (up to concentrations of 20%) was demonstrated using a CP‑Volamine channel. In a six‑month robustness test, the 990 Micro GC system and the CP‑Volamine analytical channel both proved to be effective and durable over an extended period of time.3 The J&amp;W CP‑Volamine column used in the channel is a relatively nonpolar column that is highly effective for the analysis of NH3 or other polar components. A unique deactivation process is applied during manufacturing, which gives higher quality peak shapes for NH3 compared to other column chemistries or deactivation processes. Higher quality peak symmetry can lead to lower detection limits, higher precision, and improved accuracy. The goal of this study was to demonstrate that the 990 Micro GC system can effectively analyze 100% NH3 without compromising performance or robustness.ConclusionThis application note demonstrates the capabilities of an Agilent 990 Micro GC system for monitoring NH3, N2, H2, and H2O in the feed and product streams of ammonia cracking reactors. The system has been shown to be effective across a wide range of concentrations.This two‑channel configuration used a 15 m Agilent CP‑Volamine straight channel and a 10 m Agilent CP‑Molsieve backflush channel, performing exceptionally well for NH3, N2, and H2.The system was equipped with a stream selection valve (SSV), allowing easy switching between the bulk ammonia source, the low concentration reformate side of the reactor, and the calibration gas flows. The SSV also makes it possible to monitor multiple reactors with a single instrument and is amenable to high‑throughput or piloting studies.This 990 Micro GC setup has demonstrated exceptional repeatability and linearity, a rapid cycle time (&lt; 1 minute), and a robustness towards ammonia as a bulk sample.<h4>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/sl_003311_gc_vacuum_probe_interlock_nevervent_food_beverage_sl003311_na_en_529ea8c8af.pdf">How NeverVent technology enables consistent uptime for continued lab operation</a></h4><ul><li>Technical note</li></ul>Benefit summary<ul><li>Eliminates unnecessary downtime</li><li>Maintains productivity</li><li>Simplifies maintenance</li><li>Enables disruption-free ionization type change</li><li>Increases ROI</li></ul>What is NeverVent technology and how does it work?Thermo Scientific™ NeverVent ™ technology is unique to Thermo Fisher Scientific’s GC-MS products. It allows for routine maintenance, exchange of ionization mode, and direct probe work to be performed without the need to break the vacuum of the mass spectrometer:<ul><li>Removing/replacing the ionization source: Utilizing the vacuum probe interlock (VPI) in combination with an isolation valve, the ionization source can be removed the from the system without venting the MS. The source can either be cleaned or replaced with a spare clean source, and samples can be run without long stabilization times which would be required if the system was vented.</li><li>Changing ionization type: Using the VPI, the ionization source can be replaced with a different type of ionization source, for example, switching from Electron Ionization (EI) to Chemical ionization (CI) within a few minutes.</li><li>Using direct sampling probes: The VPI also allows the use of direct probes on some NeverVent GC-MS systems. This enables direct sampling into the MS system, bypassing the GC separation, and is useful in compound characterization and when analyzing very difficult to volatilize samples like oils or metal complexes.</li><li>Changing the GC column without venting: When performing common column maintenance like trimming, or replacing the column entirely, the V-Lock Source Plug allows the MS to be sealed off from inside the manifold. Columns can be exchanged or maintained without ever breaking vacuum.</li></ul>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 50, 2024

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 6th January 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications and other documents by Agilent Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and Shimadzu!<h4>1. Shimadzu: GC-MS-Based Evaluation of Fatty Acid Composition in Microalgae</h4><ul><li>Application</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ap_aplnote106_en_a5170916d8.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Given the urgent need to mitigate climate change and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, there has been a substantial increase in research and development efforts focused on the production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) from microalgae. As the fatty acids contained in microalgae are used as raw materials for SAF, the standardization of analytical methods for these fatty acids is imperative for accurately evaluating the potential of microalgae as a SAF source. This paper introduces a case study in which we validated an analytical method for fatty acids in microalgae biomass using the GCMS-TQ TM 8040 NX, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer capable of high-resolution and high-sensitivity detection.<h5>GC-MS Analysis Methods</h5>GCMS-TQ8040 NX (Fig. 3A) was employed for FAME analyses. The detailed analytical condition is shown in Table 2. Retention times of target compounds were predicted using the Smart Metabolites Database (Fig. 3B) based on the retention indices of n-alkanes, and the analysis method was automatically created. Quantification of FAMEs was performed using Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix (Sigma-Aldrich). All values are presented as mean ±SD.<h5>Conclusion</h5>This application note presented a comparative validation of fatty acid analysis methods for microalgae using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer GCMS-TQ8040 NX. Our results from conventional fatty acid analysis, which involved an extraction process, showed that the quantity of fatty acids detected in microalgae was influenced by the type and ratio of extraction solvents. Additionally, since optimal conditions differ among microalgal species, consideration of extraction solvents is necessary in analyses involving extraction processes. In contrast, the in situ analysis without an extraction process was found to result in lower fatty acid detection compared to the extraction-based method, indicating that further improvements are needed.<h4>2. Agilent Technologies:&nbsp;Hydrocarbon Class Analysis of Conventional and Synthetic Aviation Turbine Fuels by ASTM D8396</h4><ul><li>Application</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_aviation_turbine_fuels_astm_d8396_5994_7929en_agilent_7d0fe51745.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Flow-modulated GCxGC-FID using the Agilent Reverse Flow Modulator and 8890 GC.This application note demonstrates the performance of the Agilent Reversed Flow Modulator (RFM) and Agilent 8890 GC through molecular group-type analysis of aviation turbine fuel and synthetic aviation turbine fuel (SATF) by comprehensive multidimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GCxGC-FID) per ASTM D8396. Method precision was explored using both hydrogen and helium carrier gases and yielded quantitative precision below 1.0 %RSD for 39 out of 42 compounds and 42 out of 42 compounds, respectively, across 10 consecutive replicate injections of a gravimetric standard. GCxGC data analysis was conducted using GC Image – GCxGC Edition, and the demonstration of reconciling GCxGC peak movement using GC Image's affine transformation capabilities is also highlighted. Finally, the method is used to show the group-type quantification of a reference jet fuel, an HEFA and an FT-SPK SATF, two kerosene reference materials, and a diesel-FAMEs blend.<h5>Experimental</h5>An 8890 GC was configured with an Agilent 7693A autosampler, split/splitless (SSL) inlet, RFM, and two flame ionization detectors (FID). The second FID is an optional but highly recommended addition and was connected to the outlet of the restrictor column to actively monitor and ensure that the modulation channel was not overfilled during the run. To facilitate modulation, the RFM was paired with a pneumatic switching device (PSD) connected to the carrier gas supply. Both the hydrogen and helium carrier methods used a "reverse column configuration". The first-dimension column was a mid-polar DB-17, and the second-dimension column was a non-polar DB-1HT. The DB-17 was chosen over a more-polar phase (such as a polyethylene glycol "wax" phase) for its robustness and ability to elute heavier polyaromatic species at lower temperatures. The DB-1HT was manually cut to a length of 5.00 m from an original length of 30 m. Both the hydrogen and helium carrier methods used uncoated deactivated fused silica with an internal diameter of 0.10 mm cut to lengths of 1.99 and 2.64 m, respectively, as the restrictor column. Detailed instrument configurations and method parameters can be found in Table 1, and a picture and flow schematic of the RFM is shown in Figure 2.ConclusionAn Agilent 8890 GC configured with an Agilent Reversed Flow Modulator has been demonstrated as a simple, precise, and robust GCxGC flow modulator through the application of ASTM D8396 using both hydrogen and helium carrier. Identification of marker compounds and delineation between molecular classes was achieved using the template-based identification protocol within GC Image. Group-based quantification was demonstrated for conventional jet fuel, SATF as FT-SPK and HEFA-SPK, kerosene, and a diesel-FAME blend. A precision study was conducted with 10 consecutive replicate injections of a gravimetric mixture and showed quantitative precision of less than 1.0 %RSD for practically all 42 compounds over a concentration range of 0.50 to 5.50% mass. The exceptional retention time repeatability from Agilent's 6th-generation EPC technology combined with GC Image's advanced and intuitive image transformation capabilities establishes the foundation for long-term success with D8396 and future GCxGC test methods.<h4>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Sensitive and cryogen-free analysis of epichlorohydrin and other VOCs in drinking water by using In-Tube Extraction Dynamic Headspace (ITEX-DHS) sampling coupled to GC-MS</h4><ul><li>Application</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_003503_gc_ms_itex_dhs_vocs_an003503_na_en_f9e523f52a.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The aim of this study is to demonstrate the suitability of In-Tube Extraction Dynamic Headspace (ITEX-DHS) for the analysis of very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and epichlorohydrin (ECH) in drinking water, when coupled to a cryogen-free refocusing into a programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) injector.<h5>Instrumentation</h5>A Thermo Scientific™ TriPlus™ RSH SMART autosampler2 equipped with an ITEX-DHS tool was coupled to a Thermo Scientific™ TRACE ™ 1610 GC, configured with a Thermo Scientific™ iConnect™ programmed temperature vaporizer (iConnect-PTV) injector, and a Thermo Scientific™ ISQ™ 7610 single quadrupole mass spectrometer. The PTV injector was equipped with a liner packed with Tenax TA (P/N 45312145-UI), suitable for a cryogen-free refocusing of the most volatile compounds.Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Thermo Scientific™ TraceGOLD™ TG-624 SilMS, 60 m × 0.25 mm × 1.4 μm column (P/N 26085-3330). This column provided high inertness and thermal stability with maximum temperatures up to 320 °C. The phase thickness makes this column ideal for volatile organics analysis. Helium was used as carrier gas, providing high chromatographic efficiency and inertness.<h5>Conclusions</h5>The results of these experiments demonstrate that the In-Tube Extraction Dynamic Headspace (ITEX-DHS) coupled to the ISQ 7610 GC-MS system equipped with an iConnect PTV injector provides an ideal solution for analytical science laboratories monitoring critical contaminants in drinking water.<ul><li>Dynamic headspace is a convenient solventless extraction and enrichment technique for VVOCs, VOCs, and ECH in drinking water with almost no sample preparation required.</li><li>The ITEX-DHS sampling technology offers a robust and powerful enrichment of volatiles, removing typical issues involved when purging the aqueous samples and allowing for equivalent limits of detection to the P&amp;T sampling technique.</li><li>The ITEX-DHS sampling technology coupled to a Tenax TA packed liner and PTV injector allows for analyte trapping and refocusing prior to column transfer so that improved peak shapes for the early eluting compounds can be achieved.</li><li>The ITEX-DHS enrichment capability combined with SIM acquisitions allows for sensitive analysis of ECH and other VOCs with limits of detection in the low ppt range (from 2 to 220 ng/L) ensuring adequate performance to meet the thresholds set by the current EU regulation.</li><li>The reliability of the entire workflow (analyte extraction, enrichment, injection, and data acquisition) was demonstrated with absolute peak area repeatability &lt;14% over n=10 injections of matrix-matched standards spiked at 0.25 μg/L.</li><li>The integrated control for both autosampler and GC-MS in a single CDS ensures a streamlined automated workflow from sample extraction to sequence set up, data acquisition, and reporting.</li></ul>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 2, 2025

Natural gas has emerged as one of the most important energy sources in the world. Its abundant availability, low carbon emissions, and versatility have made it a preferred choice for a wide range of applications, including power generation, heating, and transportation. However, ensuring the safety, quality, and efficiency of natural gas requires accurate and reliable analysis. This is where natural gas analysers play a pivotal role.Natural gas analysers are advanced instruments designed to measure and analyse the composition and properties of natural gas. They provide valuable insights into key parameters such as the concentration of different gases, calorific value, impurities, and other relevant characteristics. This information is crucial for various stakeholders in the natural gas industry, including producers, distributors, regulators, and end-users.The primary function of a natural gas analyser is to determine the composition of the gas mixture. Natural gas is not a homogeneous substance; its composition varies from source to source and even within a single source. The major components of natural gas are methane (CH4), along with smaller amounts of ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10), and traces of other hydrocarbons. Additionally, natural gas can contain impurities such as nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and water vapor (H2O).Accurate measurement and monitoring of these components are critical for several reasons. First and foremost, the composition of natural gas affects its energy content and thus its value as a fuel. The calorific value, commonly expressed in British Thermal Units (BTU) per cubic foot or megajoules per cubic meter, indicates the heating capacity of the gas. This information is essential for determining pricing, evaluating the performance of gas-fired equipment, and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. Moreover, the presence of impurities in natural gas can have significant consequences. For instance, high levels of CO2 can lower the energy content and increase the corrosion potential of the gas. H2S is a highly toxic gas that poses safety risks and can corrode pipelines and equipment. Therefore, accurate measurement and continuous monitoring of these impurities are vital for maintaining safety, protecting infrastructure, and complying with environmental regulations.Natural gas analysers employ various techniques to perform these measurements. The most commonly used methods include gas chromatography, infrared absorption, and mass spectrometry.<h5>Analyzer - Model Description / Published Method(s)</h5><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/NGAA_66dab6b6f7.pdf">Natural Gas A</a> - Single Channel Natural Gas Analyzer / ASTM D1945, GPA2261 (He/H2 not included)</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/NGA_B_QRG_1_a6d11b801e.pdf">Natural Gas B</a> - Dual Channel Natural Gas Analyzer / ASTM D1945, GPA2261 (He/H2 not included)</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/NGA_C_QRG_e66a58a952.pdf">Natural Gas C</a> - Extended Natural Gas Analyzer / GPA 2286 (He/H2 included)</li><li>Natural Gas D - Three Channel Bespoke Extended Natural Gas Analyzer / ASTM D1945, GPA2261, GPA 2286 (He/H2 included)</li></ul>Gas chromatography is particularly popular due to its high accuracy and versatility. It separates gas components based on their different affinities for a stationary phase, allowing for precise quantification.<h3>Hydrogen/Helium Separation</h3>These analysers are typically equipped with advanced sensors, detectors, and software algorithms to ensure accurate and reliable measurements. They are capable of operating in different gas streams, handling a wide range of pressures and temperatures, and providing real-time data. Analysers even offer remote monitoring and control capabilities, enabling operators to access and analyse data from anywhere, at any time.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Chrom_Solutions_Hydrogen_Helium_Separation_ae018cb09f.jpg" alt="ChromSolutions: Hydrogen/Helium Separation" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Chrom_Solutions_Hydrogen_Helium_Separation_ae018cb09f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="885" height="346">Natural gas analysers find applications across the entire natural gas value chain. During exploration and production, analysers help in assessing the composition and quality of natural gas reserves. In transmission and distribution, they ensure the proper functioning of gas pipelines and measure the gas quality at different stages. Gas utility companies utilize analysers to monitor the gas composition and ensure compliance with safety standards. Similarly, industrial users rely on analysers to optimize their processes and maintain the efficiency of gas-fired equipment.<h3>C1 - C15 Separation</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Chrom_Solutions_C1_C15_Separation_e47072962e.jpg" alt="ChromSolutions: C1 - C15 Separation" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Chrom_Solutions_C1_C15_Separation_e47072962e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="916" height="363"><h3>Conclusion</h3>Natural gas analyzers are indispensable tools for the accurate and reliable determination of the components present and can provide other useful information such as corrosion issues and calorific values.<blockquote><h4>ChromSolutions Ltd</h4>Over 110 years of expertise in analytical instrumentation. Independent advice for analyser selection. Clear recommendations and comprehensive training. ChromSolutions offers reliable guidance and support for your analyser purchase, installation and operational journey.</blockquote>

Natural Gas Overview Quick Reference Guide

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 13th January 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications and other documents by Agilent Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and Shimadzu!<h4>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_7000_mrm_toxicology_asms_2024_wp810_en_agilent_b9f153ff37.pdf">HERAtech Laboratories satisfies growing water-analysis demand and reduces costs using workflow automation</a></h4><ul><li>Case study</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/28639">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>“Automation is fundamental because thirteen analysts are not enough to cope with our increase in samples. The automated approach we use allows for method consolidation with the analysis of PAHs and pesticides in a single GC run. Additionally, the possibility to perform sample extraction automatically, followed by online GC-MS/MS analysis, offers a significant reduction of labor spent and a significant reduction in solvent consumption.”Dr. Paolo Morelli, Laboratory Manager, HERAtech S.r.l., Sasso Marconi (BO), Italy“It’s necessary to evaluate every possible marginal gain on every single process in the workflow to remove any bottlenecks. The bottleneck that Thermo Fisher Scientific has helped us solve is huge for sample preparation for pesticides and in particular for PAHs by eliminating manual SPE.”Dr. Paolo Morelli, Laboratory Manager, HERAtech S.r.l., Sasso Marconi (BO), Italy<blockquote><h5>Analytical system used at HERAtech for automated determination of pesticides and PAHs in water samples</h5><ul><li>TriPlus RSH SMART autosampler</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ TRACE ™ 1610 Series gas chromatograph with Thermo Scientific™ iConnect™ Programmable Temperature Vaporizing (PTV) injector module for large-volume injection</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ TSQ™ 9610 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer</li></ul></blockquote>“The key aspect of this automated solution is an analytical system capable of carrying out automatically, in a fully unattended way, all the extraction phases of the LLE protocol using microvolumes.”Dr. Paolo Morelli, Laboratory Manager, HERAtech S.r.l., Sasso Marconi (BO), Italy“We made significant investments focused on automation in terms of instruments that allow us to analyze more analytes in one run. In particular, we aimed to consolidate different methods into a single method and provide as many analytical measurements as possible with a single machine. Our goal was simultaneous analysis of 70 analytes including pesticides and PAHs, with quantification limits between 0.0005 μg/L (0.5 ng/L) and 0.02 μg/L.”Dr. Paolo Morelli, Laboratory Manager, HERAtech S.r.l., Sasso Marconi (BO), Italy“Only two solvents are necessary to perform automated DLLME, and the much lower volumes offer significant cost savings. The sample volume required is much lower, reducing logistic costs of transportation and storage.”Dr. Paolo Morelli, Laboratory Manager, HERAtech S.r.l., Sasso Marconi (BO), Italy<h4>2. Agilent Technologies/ASMS: A Triple Quadrupole GC/MS MRM Database for Forensic and Toxicological Workflows</h4><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/27204">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Systematic toxicological analysis in forensic investigation demands continuous adaptability to an ever-evolving toxicant landscape.The three main challenges are:<ol><li>low concentrations of the toxicants</li><li>an ever-growing number of analytes to be monitored and quantitated</li><li>the limitations in obtaining analytical standards for every chemical.</li></ol>For the volatile compounds, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is the method of choice when analyzing forensic drugs and toxicants [1, 2]. GC/MS forensic toxicological workflow greatly benefits from selectivity and sensitivity of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach enabled with triple quadrupole GC/MS (GC/TQ).The aim of this work was to develop an MRM database to help toxicological researchers build screening and quantitation methods simplifying method development.The database of MRM transitions for relevant toxicants was established and successfully applied to creating GC/TQ methods for analyzing real-world authentic samples with greater sensitivity and confidence than the conventional GC/MS approach. The database will be available for download starting July 2024.<h4>3. Shimadzu: GC/GC-MS Glass Insert/Liner Selection Guide</h4><ul><li>Guide</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/26962">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>In a gas chromatograph, the sample is injected into the column via the injection unit. A glass insert / liner is used to vaporize the sample more efficiently, and to inject the vaporized sample into the column with no unnecessary dispersion. Additionally, using a glass insert reduces the extent to which contaminants such as high boiling point compounds from the sample contaminate the injection unit. Accordingly, selecting a glass insert appropriate for the objective heightens the accuracy of analysis and leads to more reliable results.When selecting a glass insert, various selection standards are used depending on the application. For example, the following cases can be cited as selection standards for glass inserts.&nbsp;<ul><li>What type of injection unit is used? What sample injection method is used during analysis?</li><li>Is the glass insert filled with wool (glass wool)? What shape is the glass insert?</li><li>What are the dimensions of the glass insert?</li><li>Is surface treatment of the glass insert necessary?</li></ul>Glass inserts with a variety of specifications are commercially available to suit these varied selection criteria, so selecting a glass insert can be daunting.This selection guide describes how to select an appropriate glass insert for the objective/application as well as points to consider in accordance with elements of the glass insert configuration. Additionally, this guide introduces glass inserts appropriate for your Shimadzu GC system.

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 3, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 20th January 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications and other documents by Shimadzu, Agilent Technologies and Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h4>1. Shimadzu Corporation: Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Water Using Trap-Headspace-GCMS in Accordance with US EPA Method 8260D Criteria</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/28645">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>Using trap-headspace-GCMS as an alternative technique to purge-and-trap with GCMS in accordance with US EPA Method 8260D criteria for the analysis of VOCs in water matrix.</li><li>Capability of analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at very low limit of quantitation, as low as 0.5 ng/mL.</li></ul><h5>Introduction</h5>According to United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), volatiles organic compounds (VOCs) are defined as compounds with high vapor pressure that can easily evaporate into gases. Improper dumping of waste or industrial leachates contaminates underground water. This contaminated water exposes humans to VOCs in their daily lives. Each VOC poses different exposure risk based on its individual constituents. To protect human health and the environment, the US EPA developed Method 8260D1) to identify and quantify VOCs in water using single quadrupole GCMS.Purge-and-trap is a common sampling technique for this application. However, in this study, Shimadzu’s Trap-Headspace system is utilized as an alternative sampling technique and is evaluated against EPA 8260D criteria. VOCs sampled from the headspace are concentrated in a trap before being injected into the GC, providing high sensitivity in the analysis. The headspace system, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=6&amp;mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=HS-20+NX">HS-20 NX</a> (Trap Model), also features heated and inert sample lines with a short transfer line to suppress analytes adsorption. In this application news, the HS-20 NX (Trap Model) is coupled with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=3&amp;mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=QP2020+NX">Shimadzu GCMS-QP2020 NX</a> (Fig. 1) to achieve high sensitivity in VOCs in water analysis.<h5>Conclusion</h5>The analysis results unequivocally validate the concept of using trap-headspace system as a viable pretreatment method for further exploration and application for the US EPA Method 8260D.<h4>2.&nbsp;Agilent Technologies: Analysis of Sulfides, Formaldehyde, and Organic Halides in High-Purity Hydrogen for Fuel Cell Vehicles</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/28649">Full PDF for download</a></li><li>Using an Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890">8890 GC</a>/<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8355">8355 SCD</a>/<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=5977">5977 MSD System</a></li></ul><h5>Abstract</h5>This application note describes a robust analytical procedure for the detection of sulfides, formaldehyde, and organic halides in hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles. This analysis was executed using an Agilent 8890 gas chromatography (GC) system equipped with an Agilent 8355 sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD) and an Agilent 5977 mass spectrometer detector (MSD). Samples were preconcentrated using a thermal desorption system, followed by separation on an Agilent J&amp;W DB-Sulfur SCD column. A purged two-way splitter was used to split the sample at a 3:1 ratio onto the SCD and MSD. This flexible configuration demonstrated excellent performance for these three categories of compounds. The correlation coefficients for all target compounds exceeded 0.9971, with reproducibility results varying between 0.3% and 7.9%. The detection limits for sulfides, formaldehyde, and organic halides were 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 nmol/mol, respectively.<h5>Introduction</h5>Contrasted with traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) that use hydrogen as an energy source present many advantages. These advantages include superior conversion efficiency and zero emissions, thus being esteemed as another groundbreaking revolution in the automobile industry.1 FCVs deploy proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), transforming chemical energy into electrical energy through the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen facilitated by a catalyst. The purity of hydrogen fundamentally determines the battery performance and lifespan. Hydrogen derived from fossil fuels, for example, referred to as grey hydrogen, is a substantial source. Grey hydrogen can include impurities, such as sulfides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, light hydrocarbons, formaldehyde, formic acid, and inert gases originating from the raw materials or the chemical reaction process.2 Other colors of hydrogen from different sources may include various combinations of impurities as well. These impurities are crucial elements affecting the durability of the fuel cell. Sulfides are severe catalyst poisons, causing irreversible degradation of fuel cell performance even at part per trillion (ppt) levels. Both CO and CO2 impurities in the hydrogen fuel can cause fuel cell performance degradation, with CO being more severe. Formaldehyde, an intermediate product in the process of hydrogen production from natural gas or methanol, has a poisoning mechanism like CO, but is more harmful. Trace amounts of ammonia can decrease the mass transfer ability of the electrolyte membrane, leading to irreversible degradation of the battery performance. Halides also irreversibly affect the performance of hydrogen fuel cells. Inert impurities in hydrogen (such as He, Ar, N2) do not poison the fuel cell but dilute the hydrogen fuel, reducing the cell potential and leading to power loss.To ensure the long-term stable operation of hydrogen fuel cells, various organizations have established quality standards for hydrogen used in FCVs. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) in the United States have established specific standards for hydrogen used in PEMFCs, namely ISO 14687-20193 and SAE J2719-2015.4 China has also established GB/T 37244-20185 to regulate the quality of hydrogen products. These standards consistently specify limits for certain impurities in hydrogen, such as sulfides not exceeding 0.004 μmol/mol, formaldehyde not exceeding 0.01 μmol/mol, and total halides not exceeding 0.05 μmol/mol. The GB/T 44243-20246 method details the determination of sulfide, formaldehyde, and organic halides in hydrogen for FCVs, gives reference instrument configurations, and also presents performance results.In accordance with those standards, this study has established a comprehensive analytical method for multiple key trace impurities in hydrogen for FCVs. An analytical platform has been designed for seven sulfides, formaldehyde, and eight organic halides. Sulfides are detected using a GC/SCD, while formaldehyde and organic halides are detected using a GC/MSD. The detection limits of all compounds in this study fully met the requirements for hydrogen quality control described in ISO 14687-2019, SAE J2719-2015, and GB/T 37244-2018 methods.<h4>3.&nbsp;Thermo Fisher Scientific: Gas chromatography consumables ordering guide</h4><ul><li>Guide</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/28640">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Proven consumables for optimum system performance.<h5>Select the right GC consumable for your GC system</h5>Optimize your gas chromatography (GC) system’s performance by selecting the proper GC consumables. Reference the compatibility and recommended use when ordering your consumables for the following systems:<ul><li>Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ 1300 and TRACE™ 1600 Series Gas Chromatographs</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ AI/AS 1310 and AI/AS 1610 Liquid Autosamplers</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ TriPlus™ RSH and TriPlus™ RSH SMART Autosamplers</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ TriPlus™ 500 Headspace Autosampler</li></ul><h5>Contents</h5><ul><li>GC syringes and SPME arrows and fibers<ul><li>AI/AS 1310 and AI/AS 1610 liquid autosamplers</li><li>TriPlus RSH and TriPlus RSH SMART autosamplers</li></ul></li><li>Injection ports<ul><li>iConnect Split/Splitless (SSL) injector module</li><li>iConnect Programmable Temperature Vaporizer (PTV) injector module</li></ul></li><li>Mass spectrometer transfer line connections</li><li>Gas management</li><li>GC columns</li><li>GC column connectors</li><li>Sample handling</li></ul>

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