EU Regulation 396/2005: Pesticide Residue Testing and the Critical Role of QuEChERS Evaporation in Food Safety

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 4th May 2026? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application note by Shimadzu, presentation by MDCW / JEOL and technical note by Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. MDCW / JEOL: Flow-Modulated GCxGC-QMS Analysis Without Splitting Off the GC Flow</h3><ul><li>Presentation</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/O_16_Jensen_11e29d5022.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><section><div><div><div><div><div><div>This presentation by Kirk Jensen (JEOL USA) explores the feasibility of performing flow-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) without splitting the GC flow, which is traditionally required to protect MS systems from high carrier gas flows. The core concept builds on GC×GC, where compounds are separated using a primary and secondary column connected via a modulator, significantly increasing separation power compared to one-dimensional GC. The presentation contrasts thermal modulation (offering sharper peaks and higher theoretical sensitivity but requiring cryogenic cooling) with flow modulation, which avoids cryogens, handles volatile analytes well, and is more flexible, but typically demands higher gas flows that standard MS systems cannot tolerate .To address this limitation, the study utilizes the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=24&amp;search=JMS-Q1600GC">JEOL JMS-Q1600GC</a> UltraQuad quadrupole GC-MS system, which can accept unusually high carrier gas flows (up to ~20 mL/min), enabling direct coupling with a SepSolve INSIGHT flow modulator without splitting the effluent . The analytical setup includes dual GC columns (e.g., Zebron ZB-5MSplus for the first dimension and BPX50 for the second), high secondary flow rates (~25 mL/min), and electron ionization (EI) MS detection. Additional system components include optional FID detection, bleed line control, and ChromeSpace software for data processing . This configuration allows full analyte transfer into the MS, eliminating the need for flow splitting and potentially improving detection efficiency.Experimental results demonstrate the applicability of this approach to complex mixtures, including a pesticide mixture containing over 200 compounds and real-world samples such as perfumes and fuels. The GC×GC-MS system produced detailed two-dimensional chromatograms with high spectral quality, enabling the correct identification of approximately 120 compounds despite relatively moderate spectral match factors . Comparisons at different flow rates (e.g., 25 vs. 50 mL/min) showed that spectral integrity and compound identification remain robust, indicating that higher flow operation does not significantly compromise MS performance.In conclusion, the work demonstrates that flow-modulated GC×GC-QMS without flow splitting is feasible, provided that the MS system can tolerate high carrier gas flows. While further optimization is needed (e.g., column selection, inlet pressure, and separation conditions), the approach offers a practical alternative to thermal modulation by eliminating cryogens and simplifying operation. Future work will focus on improving sensitivity, optimizing separations, and exploring alternative carrier gases such as hydrogen to reduce costs and expand applicability</div></div></div></div></div></div></section><h3>2. Shimadzu: Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis by Nexis GC-2030 Using ASTM D6730</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00863_en_eb633bc741.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>Detailed compositional analysis of gasoline in accordance with ASTM D6730 is feasible using the Nexis GC-2030.&nbsp;</li><li>By employing PONAsolution, a PONA/DHA analysis software, laborious identification tasks can be reduced, and quantitation calculations and report generation can be performed automatically.</li></ul>ASTM D6730 specifies the analysis of hydrocarbons in gasoline and oxygenates such as ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) over a boiling point range up to 225 ̊C. Identification and quantification of individual compounds in gasoline are critically important for refinery process control and product quality assurance. In this application news, we report compositional analysis of gasoline conforming to ASTM D6730 using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Nexis+GC-2030">Nexis GC-2030 gas chromatograph</a>. Gasoline typically comprises over 100 hydrocarbons, making identification tasks highly complex; however, PONAsolution, a PONA/DHA analysissoftware,simplifies this process.<h4>PONAsolution</h4>PONAsolution Ver.6 provides retention index libraries for each relevant standard (ASTM D6730, D6729, D5134, D6733). Identification of n-alkanes automatically corrects the retention times of the remaining several hundred components, thus streamlining the identification process. When only a specific retention region requires adjustment, the two-point identification function is useful (Fig. 1). In the two-point identification procedure, reference and sample chromatograms are compared while assigning corresponding peaks. First, click on an identified component mark in the reference data (Fig. 1, a), then click the matching sample peak (Fig. 1, b). Repeat this for a second pair of peaks. The retention times of components between these two anchor points are then automatically corrected.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Compositional analysis of gasoline in accordance with ASTM D6730 was performed. The combination of SH PONA Tuning Column and SH-1 PONA main column enabled separation of compounds with closely spaced retention times. Moreover, use of PONAsolution software greatly simplifies complex identification tasks.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Fiber optic probes add flexibility to Raman chemical analysis</h3><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/drx3_flex_tech_note_tn54708_bebb56b870.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy are non-destructive analytical techniques that rely on the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecular vibrations to provide information about the chemical composition and structure of a sample. Despite their similarities, there are some distinct differences between the two techniques. In principle, FTIR is based on the absorption of infrared radiation by molecules and measures changes in dipole moment during molecular vibrations. Raman spectroscopy, on the other hand, is based on the inelastic scattering of monochromatic light and measures changes in polarizability during molecular vibrations.&nbsp;When applied to bulk chemical analysis, both FTIR and Raman spectroscopy can be used to analyze solids, liquids, and gases, but the nature of Raman spectroscopy lends some unique sampling advantages. Additionally, Raman often requires little to no sample preparation. Presented herein are application examples that highlight some of the sampling advantages of Raman spectroscopy. All the spectral data in this technical note were collected using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/2238">Thermo Scientific™ DXR3 Flex Raman Spectrometer</a> equipped with a fiber optic probe. (Fiber optics are readily available for Raman spectroscopy because of the use of visible and NIR light and do not require the exotic materials associated with FTIR fiber optics.) Preliminary tests for all samples were carried out using both 532 nm and 785 nm excitations, and it was determined that the 785 nm laser set gave an overall better balance between fluorescence and Raman scattering efficiency.<h4>Summary&nbsp;</h4>In this technical note, the analyses of a variety of samples by Raman spectroscopy are demonstrated. All samples were analyzed without sample preparation.&nbsp;<ul><li>Precise and localized analysis at the focal point of the Raman-exciting laser allows sampling through glass bottles, blister packaging and plastic containers, which eliminates possible cross contamination and analyst exposure to hazardous materials. The contributions from the packaging and containers depend on the type of container material, the container thickness, and the materials’ chemical compositional complexity, but these contributions can be readily subtracted out when needed.&nbsp;</li><li>Water is a weak Raman scatterer. Raman therefore has reduced water sensitivity, making it a preferred technique for aqueous solution analysis over FTIR. As demonstrated in the analysis of an energy drink, the Raman bands from water can be subtracted from the spectrum of the aqueous solution, leading to the identification of the components of the solution.&nbsp;</li><li>Raman spectroscopy is well suited for the analysis of inorganic materials, especially in identifying the crystal phases and polymorphs, as demonstrated by the analyses of minerals and pigments in a painting.&nbsp;</li><li>Fiber optic probes provide flexibility and ease of maneuverability. This is particularly advantageous when analyzing samples that are difficult to access or manipulate, such as large containers, geological samples and paintings</li></ul>The DXR3 Flex has multiple sampling options available. A properly configured fiber-optic probe is arguably the most versatile accessory for the analysis of bulk solids and liquids. The advantages, both from those inherent to Raman spectroscopy and those resulting from the use of fiber optic probe, provide opportunities for a wide variety of different applications when using the DXR3 Flex Raman Spectrometer.

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 19, 2026

🎤Francis Femi OloyIn this episode of Concentrating on Chromatography, David speaks with Francis Femi Oloy about using chromatography to uncover hidden pollutants in real-world water systems.Femi’s team analyzed polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in six major rivers in southwestern Nigeria — compounds that were banned decades ago but still persist in the environment. Using a workflow that many analytical labs will recognize — liquid–liquid extraction, cleanup, rotary evaporation, nitrogen blowdown, and GC-ECD detection — they quantified 25 PCB congeners at trace levels and linked the results to ecological and human health risk.<h4>In this conversation, we cover:</h4><ul><li>Why legacy pollutants like PCBs still show up today</li><li>Choosing GC-ECD vs LC-MS for halogenated compounds</li><li>Liquid–liquid extraction and matrix cleanup strategies</li><li>Why sample concentration is critical for dilute environmental samples</li><li>How rotovap + nitrogen blowdown work together without losing volatile analytes</li><li>Seasonal trends (why wet season levels were higher)</li><li>Translating concentration data into meaningful risk assessments</li></ul><h3>Video Transcription</h3><section><div><div><div><div><div><div>Persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) remain a significant environmental concern despite decades of regulatory restrictions. In this interview, Francais Femi Oloy discusses the environmental and analytical challenges associated with monitoring PCB contamination in rivers of southwestern Nigeria, a rapidly industrializing region where urban growth, industrial activity, agriculture, and dense populations intersect with extensive aquatic systems.Oloy explains that his interest in environmental contaminant analysis emerged from observing unexplained health problems and environmental degradation while growing up in Nigeria. This motivated his transition into organic and environmental chemistry, with a focus on identifying pollutants present in drinking water, agricultural soils, and food systems. Southwestern Nigeria, particularly the Lagos region, represents a critical environmental monitoring area due to intense industrial development, shipping activity, and widespread human dependence on rivers for domestic use, agriculture, and fishing.Although PCBs are considered “legacy pollutants” and are no longer intentionally produced, the interview highlights why they continue to persist in aquatic environments. Old electrical transformers and aging industrial equipment still contain PCB residues, while historical contamination stored in river sediments can become remobilized during flooding, dredging, or sediment disturbance. Because PCBs are hydrophobic and resistant to degradation, they preferentially accumulate in sediments and bioaccumulate through aquatic food chains, creating long-term environmental and human exposure risks.A major focus of the discussion centers on the analytical workflow used for PCB determination in environmental water samples. Composite river water samples were collected in amber glass bottles to avoid contamination and photodegradation, preserved with sodium azide to minimize microbial activity, and stored under cooled conditions prior to extraction. The analytical protocol employed liquid–liquid extraction using dichloromethane (DCM) and hexane to recover both polar and nonpolar PCB congeners. Oloy emphasizes that liquid–liquid extraction was selected over solid-phase extraction (SPE) because of concerns about congener retention within sorbent materials and clogging issues associated with large-volume environmental samples.Following extraction, concentration and cleanup represented critical analytical stages due to the trace-level occurrence and volatility of PCBs. Silica and alumina cleanup procedures were used to remove matrix interferences prior to instrumental analysis. The concentration workflow combined rotary evaporation for bulk solvent reduction with nitrogen blowdown for final volume reduction to less than 1 mL, while carefully avoiding excessive temperature or complete dryness to minimize analyte loss. Oloy repeatedly stresses that improper concentration procedures are among the most common causes of analytical failure in PCB analysis.For instrumental determination, the study utilized gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) rather than LC-MS or GC-MS. According to Oloy, GC was preferred because PCBs are sufficiently volatile for gas chromatographic separation, while ECD provided superior sensitivity and selectivity for chlorinated compounds at environmentally relevant concentrations. The interview also discusses analytical validation strategies, including the use of surrogate standards to assess recoveries, which ranged from approximately 85% to 114%, and signal-to-noise-based determination of detection limits.The study further examined seasonal variations in PCB concentrations, revealing higher levels during the wet season. This observation was attributed to rainfall-driven runoff from contaminated infrastructure, sediment resuspension, and lower temperatures that reduce volatilization losses. To communicate toxicological relevance beyond simple concentration reporting, the researchers also calculated toxic equivalency values (TEQs), converting mixtures of PCB congeners into biologically meaningful toxicity estimates comparable to dioxin toxicity metrics.Beyond environmental monitoring, Oloy highlights broader research interests focused on pollutant remediation and sustainable environmental protection. His group is also involved in developing catalytic materials capable of degrading or removing persistent contaminants from environmental systems. Throughout the discussion, he emphasizes that analytical chemistry plays a central role not only in detecting pollutants, but also in enabling prevention, remediation, and long-term environmental management strategies.</div></div></div></div></div></div></section><blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote><blockquote><h4>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</h4>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!You can find Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast in podcast apps:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL">Spotify</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185">Apple podcast</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography">podscan</a></li></ul>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos">YouTube channel</a></blockquote>

Tracking Toxic PCBs in River Water using Gas Chromatography–Electron Capture Detection

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Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

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Watrex SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR DEMI 90 Water Purification System

Fully automatic system for the preparation of clean water based on reverse osmosis combined with purification by a mixed ion exchanger.

Fully automatic system for the preparation of clean water based on reverse osmosis combined with purification by a mixed ion exchanger. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by two-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment and carbon filter.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/reverse-osmosis-systems/rowapur-demi-90/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ROWAPUR DEMI</a> is driven by water pressure from water distribution network, it does not require electric power.The output water has a specific conductivity less than &lt;1 µS/cm. The system includes a conductivity tester with optical indication of output water quality.Price: <bdi>761 €</bdi> ex. VAT<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Specific conductivity of produced water &lt;1 µS/cm</li><li>6 to 12 months filters lifetime</li><li>2 – 5 years RO membrane lifetime</li><li>1000 – 2000 liters polishing filter capacity</li><li>No electricity is required for operation</li><li>Supplied from water distribution network</li></ul><h4>Technical specification</h4><ul><li>Specific conductivity of produced water: &lt; 1 µS/cm</li><li>Daily production capacity:&nbsp;up to 90 liters</li><li>Input water pressure:&nbsp;0,3 – 0,7 MPa</li><li>Input water temperature:&nbsp;&lt; 35 °C</li><li>Maximum input water TDS:&nbsp;1200 mg/l</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Watrex SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR DEMI 180 Water Purification System

Fully automatic system for the preparation of clean water based on reverse osmosis combined with purification by a mixed ion exchanger. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by two-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment and carbon filter.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/reverse-osmosis-systems/rowapur-demi-180/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ROWAPUR DEMI</a> is driven by water pressure from water distribution network, it does not require electric power.The output water has a specific conductivity less than &lt;1 µS/cm. The system includes a conductivity tester with optical indication of output water quality.Price: 833<bdi> €</bdi> ex. VAT<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Specific conductivity of produced water &lt;1 µS/cm</li><li>6 to 12 months filters lifetime</li><li>2 – 5 years RO membrane lifetime</li><li>1000 – 2000 liters polishing filter capacity</li><li>No electricity is required for operation</li><li>Supplied from water distribution network</li></ul><h4>Technical specification</h4><ul><li>Specific conductivity of produced water: &lt; 1 µS/cm</li><li>Daily production capacity:&nbsp;up to 180 liters</li><li>Input water pressure:&nbsp;0,3 – 0,7 MPa</li><li>Input water temperature:&nbsp;&lt; 35 °C</li><li>Maximum input water TDS:&nbsp;1200 mg/l</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Watrex SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR 090 Water Purification System

Fully automatic system for the preparation of pure water based on reverse osmosis.

Fully automatic system for the preparation of pure water based on reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by three-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment filter and two carbon adsorption filters.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/reverse-osmosis-systems/rowapur-90/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ROWAPUR</a> is driven by water pressure from water distribution network, it does not require electric power.It prepares water free of mechanical impurities, chlorine, 95-99% of all dissolved substances are removed. Depending on input water composition and supply pressure the output water has a specific conductivity in the range of 10-20 µS/cm.Price: 500<bdi>&nbsp;€</bdi> ex. VAT<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Removes 95 – 99% of dissolved substances</li><li>Typical specific conductivity of produced water 10 – 20 µS/cm</li><li>6 to 12 months filters lifetime</li><li>2 – 5 years RO membrane lifetime</li><li>No electricity is required for operation</li><li>Supplied from water distribution network</li></ul><h4>Technical specification</h4><ul><li>Daily production capacity:&nbsp;up to 90 liters</li><li>Input water pressure:&nbsp;0,3 – 0,7 MPa</li><li>Input water temperature:&nbsp;&lt; 35 °C</li><li>Maximum input water TDS: 1200 mg/l</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Watrex SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR 180 Water Purification System

Fully automatic system for the preparation of pure water based on reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by three-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment filter and two carbon adsorption filters.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/reverse-osmosis-systems/rowapur-180-reverse-osmosis-system/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ROWAPUR</a> is driven by water pressure from water distribution network, it does not require electric power.It prepares water free of mechanical impurities, chlorine, 95-99% of all dissolved substances are removed. Depending on input water composition and supply pressure the output water has a specific conductivity in the range of 10-20 µS/cm.Price: 541<bdi>&nbsp;€</bdi> ex. VAT<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Removes 95 – 99% of dissolved substances</li><li>Typical specific conductivity of produced water 10 – 20 µS/cm</li><li>6 to 12 months filters lifetime</li><li>2 – 5 years RO membrane lifetime</li><li>No electricity is required for operation</li><li>Supplied from water distribution network</li></ul><h4>Technical specification</h4><ul><li>Daily production capacity:&nbsp;up to 180 liters</li><li>Input water pressure:&nbsp;0,3 – 0,7 MPa</li><li>Input water temperature:&nbsp;&lt; 35 °C</li><li>Maximum input water TDS: 1200 mg/l</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Watrex SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR 270 Water Purification System

Fully automatic system for the preparation of pure water based on reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by three-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment filter and two carbon adsorption filters.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/reverse-osmosis-systems/rowapur-270-reverse-osmosis-system/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ROWAPUR</a> is driven by water pressure from water distribution network, it does not require electric power.It prepares water free of mechanical impurities, chlorine, 95-99% of all dissolved substances are removed. Depending on input water composition and supply pressure the output water has a specific conductivity in the range of 10-20 µS/cm.Price: 592<bdi>&nbsp;€</bdi> ex. VAT<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Removes 95 – 99% of dissolved substances</li><li>Typical specific conductivity of produced water 10 – 20 µS/cm</li><li>6 to 12 months filters lifetime</li><li>2 – 5 years RO membrane lifetime</li><li>No electricity is required for operation</li><li>Supplied from water distribution network</li></ul><h4>Technical specification</h4><ul><li>Daily production capacity:&nbsp;up to 270 liters</li><li>Input water pressure:&nbsp;0,3 – 0,7 MPa</li><li>Input water temperature:&nbsp;&lt; 35 °C</li><li>Maximum input water TDS: 1200 mg/l</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Watrex SCI-AQUA ULTRAPUR Water Purification System

WATREX ULTRAPURE is dedicated to preparaton of ultrapure water for analytical, biochemical and other laboratories.

WATREX ULTRAPURE is dedicated to preparaton of ultrapure water for analytical, biochemical and other laboratories where the water with specific conductivity values below 0.1 µS/cm and a TOC value of less than 50 ppb is required.The device is fed with pressurized pre-treated water, preferably with conductivity values below 15 µS/cm (e.g. water treated by reverse osmosis).<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/ultra-pure-water/ultrapur-laboratory-unit-for-ultra-pure-water-preparation-2/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ULTRAPUR</a> is supplied with a digital flow conductometer that allows monitoring the proper functioning of the device and the need to replace exhausted filter cartridges.The water treated by ULTRAPURE system is suitable for HPLC, AA, ICP and other demanding analyses.The maintenance of the device is very simple and consists only in replacing the filter inserts after they are exhausted.Price: 923<bdi>&nbsp;€</bdi> ex. VAT<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Organomation S-EVAP+ Vacuum Evaporator

The S-EVAP+ is an efficient way to concentrate multiple large samples at once. It is designed to be a smarter, higher capacity alternative to rotary evaporation. 

The S-EVAP+ is an efficient way to concentrate multiple large samples at once. It is designed to be a smarter, higher capacity alternative to rotary evaporation. Instead of only being able to evaporate 1 sample at a time like in a rotary unit, the S-EVAP+ allows you to evaporate up to 10 samples at once, for a faster, more efficient process. The S-EVAP+ takes all the benefits of the original S-EVAP-RB evaporator including the digital control box and combines it with vacuum technology to accommodate a wider range of solvents with high boiling points.Suitable for all solvents with a boiling point below 115 °C.The number of samples you're able to evaporate at once depends on your flask size and solvent volume. Below is a general guide for reference:<ul><li>250 mL flasks (125 mL of solvent or less) - up to 10 sample positions (Cat# 12090-V)</li><li>500 mL flasks (250 mL of solvent or less) - up to 8 sample positions (Cat# 12008-V)</li><li>1 L flasks (500 mL of solvent or less) - up to 5 sample positions (Cat# 12007-V)</li><li>2 L flasks (1 L of solvent or less) - up to 4 sample positions (Cat# 12004-V)</li></ul><h4>Standard features</h4><ul><li>Manifold for holding solvent recovery condensers</li><li>Flow meter and rigid supply tube for condenser water supply</li><li>Condenser water supply/drain manifold connects to a bench cold-water tap, or a refrigerated water chiller for improved control of condenser temperature and water conservation</li><li>Parallel water supply/drain manifolds with quick disconnect tube fittings</li><li>Bath temperature range 30°C - 100°C</li><li>Evaporate solvents with boiling points up to 115°C</li><li>Digital electronic temperature control +/- 2°C</li></ul><h4>Advantages</h4><ul><li>Solvent recovery: recover up to 97% of starting solvent volume with individual collection glassware</li><li>Efficiency: evaporate up to 10 samples at once compared to just 1 with a rotary evaporator</li><li>Conserves valuable bench space: all samples are arranged in a circle for small footprint</li><li>Easy sample access: the instrument rotates allowing all samples to be accessed from the front</li><li>Fewer connections: one water supply line in, one drain line out&nbsp;</li></ul><h4>OPTIONS (Add to main Cat# when purchasing)</h4><ul><li>Positive pressure type Z purged bath (Option Code -Z)</li><li>240V wiring and plug (Option Code -2)</li><li>Nitrogen purge manifold (Option Code -N)</li></ul><h4>ACCESSORIES</h4><ul><li>125 mL individual collection glassware set (Cat# GS2161)</li><li>250 ml individual collection glassware set (Cat# GS2162)</li><li>500 mL individual collection glassware set (Cat# GS2163)</li><li>1 L individual collection glassware set (Cat# GS2164)</li><li>2 L individual collection glassware set (Cat# GS2165)</li><li>Adapter kit for use with smaller sample flasks</li><li>Boiling grids (Cat# GA2245)</li><li>Chiller</li></ul><h4>Specification</h4><h5>Available Models:</h5><ul><li>The 10-position model (Catalog No. 12090-V) is ideal for high-throughput labs and accommodates 250 mL flasks using GS2162 glassware.</li><li>The 8-position model (Catalog No. 12008-V) supports 500 mL flasks and uses GS2163 glassware.</li><li>For mid-sized volumes, the 5-position model (Catalog No. 12007-V) is designed for 1 L flasks with GS2164 glassware.</li><li>The 4-position model (Catalog No. 12004-V) is perfect for larger samples, handling 2 L flasks with GS2165 glassware.</li></ul><h5>Glassware &amp; Configuration:</h5><ul><li>Sample Flask Type: Round bottom with flat base</li><li>Condenser Type: Inverted Hopkins with 24/40 sidearm</li><li>Collection Flask Type: Matches the sample flask size (250 mL to 2 L)</li><li>Individual Solvent Collection: Yes</li></ul><h5>Water Bath Specifications:</h5><ul><li>Bath Model:<ul><li>120V systems: Model 16165</li><li>240V systems: Model 14165</li></ul></li><li>Heating Medium: Water</li><li>Inside Dimensions (Diameter × Depth): 16 × 4.5 in (40.6 × 11.4 cm)</li><li>Outside Dimensions (W × D × H): 24 × 19 × 6 in (61 × 48 × 15 cm)</li><li>Power Consumption:<ul><li>1600 W for 120V models</li><li>1400 W for 240V models</li></ul></li><li>Temperature Range: 30–100 °C</li><li>Controller Type: Digital electronic with LED display</li><li>Temperature Accuracy: ±2 °C</li></ul>System Dimensions (All Models): 26 × 24 × 30 in (66 × 61 × 76 cm)

Organomation S-EVAP-KD Solvent Evaporator

The digitally controlled 8 (or 10) position S-EVAP-KD large scale solvent evaporators can evaporate up to 8 (10) samples at once with a capacity of up to 500 ml (250 ml) at each sample position. 

<h3>S-EVAP-KD 8 Position 500ml</h3>The digitally controlled 8 position S-EVAP-KD large scale solvent evaporator (Cat# 12018) can evaporate up to 8 samples at once with a capacity of up to 500 ml at each sample position. &nbsp;Glassware sets can be purchased for individual solvent collection (Cat# GS2153), or central solvent collection (Cat# GS2153-C with Cat# GS2158-C8).Smaller glassware accommodating up to 250 ml can be purchased for individual solvent collection (Cat# GS2152), or central solvent collection (Cat# GS2152-C with Cat# GS2158-C8). &nbsp;Smaller glassware is accommodated with the use adapter rings (Cat# XA2284).&nbsp;<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Organomation_S_EVAP_KD_Solvent_Evaporator_a986c55212.webp" alt="Organomation: S-EVAP-KD (8 positions) Solvent Evaporator" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Organomation_S_EVAP_KD_Solvent_Evaporator_a986c55212.webp 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1400" height="1400"><h3>S-EVAP-KD 10 Position 250ml</h3>The digitally controlled 10 position S-EVAP-KD (Cat# 12010) large scale evaporator can evaporate up to 10 samples at once with a capacity of up to 250 mL at each sample position. &nbsp;Glassware sets can be purchased for individual solvent collection (Cat# GS2152), or central solvent collection (Cat# GS2152-C with Cat# GS2158-C10).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Organomation_S_EVAP_KD_Solvent_Evaporator_10_positions_2684935012.jpg" alt="Organomation: S-EVAP-KD (10 position) Solvent Evaporator" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Organomation_S_EVAP_KD_Solvent_Evaporator_10_positions_2684935012.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="560" height="560"><h4>Standard features (S-EVAP-KD 8 Position 500ml and S-EVAP-KD 10 Position 250ml)</h4><ul><li>Condenser holder assembly for solvent recovery condensers</li><li>Flow meter and rigid supply tube for condenser water supply</li><li>Condenser water supply/drain manifold connects to a bench cold-water tap, or a refrigerated water chiller for improved control of condenser temperature and water conservation</li><li>Parallel water supply/drain manifolds with quick disconnect tube fittings</li><li>Bath temperature range 30°C - 100°C</li><li>Evaporate solvents with boiling points up to 65°C</li><li>Digital electronic temperature control +/- 2°C</li></ul><h4>Advantages (S-EVAP-KD 8 Position 500ml and S-EVAP-KD 10 Position 250ml)</h4><ul><li>Solvent recovery: recover up to 97% of starting solvent volume with individual or central solvent collection</li><li>Conserves valuable bench space: all samples are arranged in a circle</li><li>Easy sample access: the instrument rotates allowing all samples to be accessed from the front</li><li>Fewer connections: one water supply line in, one drain line out</li><li>Protects delicate samples: Organomation vacuum insulated concentrator tubes keep delicate samples safe</li><li>Gentle concentration: water bath is gentler than jacketed concentration tubes in traditional KD set-up</li></ul><h4>OPTIONS (Add to main Cat# when purchasing)</h4><h5>S-EVAP-KD 8 Position 500ml&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>Positive pressure type Z purged bath (Option Code# -Z), Cat# 12018-Z</li><li>240V wiring and plug (Option Code# -2), Cat# 12018-2</li><li>Reduced height system, 32 inches tall for KD flasks/deep bath</li></ul><h5>S-EVAP-KD 10 Position 250ml</h5><ul><li>Positive pressure type Z purged bath (Option Code -Z), Cat# 12010-Z</li><li>240V wiring and plug (Option Code -2), Cat# 12010-2</li><li>Reduced height system, 32 inches tall for KD flasks/deep bath</li></ul><h4>ACCESSORIES</h4><h5>S-EVAP-KD 8 Position 500ml&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>500 ml individual collection glassware set Cat# GS2153</li><li>500 ml central collection glassware set Cat# GS2153-C with Cat# GS2158-C8</li><li>250 ml individual collection glassware set Cat# GS2152</li><li>250 ml central collection glassware set Cat# GS2152-C with Cat# GS2158-C8</li><li>KD rack for 250/500 ml flasks, 8 pos Cat# XA2290</li><li>Adapter rings for 3.875 in hole Cat# XA2284</li><li>Cover for 3.875 in disk holes Cat# XA2283</li><li>Cover for 3.0 in disk holes Cat# XA2282</li><li>Chiller</li></ul><h5>S-EVAP-KD 10 Position 250ml</h5><ul><li>250 ml individual collection glassware set Cat# GS2152</li><li>250 ml central collection glassware set Cat# GS2152-C with Cat# GS2158-C10</li><li>Cover for 3.0 in disk holes Cat# XA2282</li><li>KD rack for 250/500 ml flasks, 8 pos Cat#XA2290</li><li>Chiller</li></ul><h4>REPLACEMENT PARTS (S-EVAP-KD 8 Position 500ml and S-EVAP-KD 10 Position 250ml)</h4><ul><li>Buna O-ring set Cat# P1332</li><li>White silicone tubing, 10 ft Cat# P2616</li></ul><h4>Specification</h4><h5>Model Options</h5><ul><li>S-EVAP-KD 8-Position (500 mL)<ul><li>Catalog Number: 12018</li><li>Required Glassware: GS2153 (individual), GS2153-C + GS2158-C8 (central)</li><li>Sample Flask Size: 500 mL</li><li>Collection Flask Size: 500 mL (individual), 4.0 L (central, 8-port)</li></ul></li><li>S-EVAP-KD 10-Position (250 mL)<ul><li>Catalog Number: 12010</li><li>Required Glassware: GS2152 (individual), GS2152-C + GS2158-C10 (central)</li><li>Sample Flask Size: 250 mL</li><li>Collection Flask Size: 250 mL (individual), 4.0 L (central, 10-port)</li></ul></li></ul><h5>Common Features</h5><ul><li>Application: Kuderna-Danish Flasks / Deep Water Bath</li><li>Concentrator Tubes: 10 mL with insulated tips</li><li>Snyder Columns: 3-ball design, 253 mm</li><li>Condenser Type:<ul><li>Individual Collection: Inverted Hopkins with 24/40 sidearm</li><li>Central Collection: Inverted Hopkins with ¼ in tube fitting</li></ul></li><li>Number of Sample Positions:<ul><li>8 or 10 depending on model</li></ul></li><li>Collection Type: Individual or central</li><li>Overall Dimensions (System):<ul><li>Individual Collection: 26 × 24 × 39 in (66 × 61 × 99 cm)</li><li>Central Collection: 24 × 19 × 39 in (61 × 48 × 99 cm)</li></ul></li></ul><h5>Heating Bath Specifications</h5><ul><li>Bath Model: 16169</li><li>Heating Medium: Water</li><li>Inside Dimensions (Ø × Depth): 16.0 × 8.5 in (40.6 × 21.6 cm)</li><li>Outside Dimensions (W × D × H): 24 × 19 × 10 in (61 × 48 × 25 cm)</li><li>Temperature Range: 30–100 °C</li><li>Temperature Controller: Digital electronic with LED display</li><li>Controller Accuracy: ±2 °C</li><li>Total Wattage: 1600 W</li></ul>

Organomation S-EVAP-RB Solvent Evaporator

The mechanical thermostat 8 position and digitally controlled 10 position S-EVAP-RB solvent evaporators can evaporate up to 8 (10) samples at once with a capacity of up to 250 ml at each sample position. 

<h3>S-EVAP-RB 8 Position 250ml</h3>The mechanical thermostat 8 position S-EVAP-RB large scale solvent evaporator (Cat# 12060) can evaporate up to 8 samples at once with a capacity of up to 250 ml (Cat# GS2162) at each sample position. &nbsp;Smaller glassware accommodating up to 125 ml (Cat# GS2161) may also be used with the purchase of adapter rings (Cat# XA2286).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Organomation_S_EVAP_RB_Solvent_Evaporator_8_position_e5b08ac9dd.jpg" alt="Organomation: S-EVAP-RB Solvent Evaporator - 8 position" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Organomation_S_EVAP_RB_Solvent_Evaporator_8_position_e5b08ac9dd.jpg 120w," sizes="100vw" width="430" height="560"><h3>S-EVAP-RB 10 Position 250ml</h3>The digitally controlled 10 position S-EVAP-RB large scale solvent evaporator (Cat# 12090) can evaporate up to 10 samples at once with a capacity of up to 250 ml (Cat# GS2162) at each sample position. &nbsp;Smaller glassware accommodating up to 125 ml (Cat# GS2161) may also be used with the purchase of adapter rings (Cat# XA2286).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Organomation_S_EVAP_RB_Solvent_Evaporator_10_position_48376ce49a.jpg" alt="Organomation: S-EVAP-RB Solvent Evaporator - 10 position" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Organomation_S_EVAP_RB_Solvent_Evaporator_10_position_48376ce49a.jpg 120w," sizes="100vw" width="430" height="560"><h4>Standard features (S-EVAP-RB 8 Position and S-EVAP-RB 10 Position)</h4><ul><li>Mechanical thermostat with temperature control +/- 2°C / Digital electronic temperature control +/- 2°C (S-EVAP-RB 8 Position / S-EVAP-RB 10 Position)</li><li>Manifold for holding solvent recovery condensers</li><li>Flow meter and rigid supply tube for condenser water supply</li><li>Condenser water supply/drain manifold connects to a bench cold-water tap, or a refrigerated water chiller for improved control of condenser temperature and water conservation</li><li>Parallel water supply/drain manifolds with quick disconnect tube fittings</li><li>Bath temperature range 30°C - 100°C</li><li>Evaporate solvents with boiling points up to 65°C</li></ul><h4>Advantages (S-EVAP-RB 8 Position and S-EVAP-RB 10 Position)</h4><ul><li>Solvent recovery: recover up to 97% of starting solvent volume with individual collection glassware</li><li>Conserves valuable bench space: all samples are arranged in a circle</li><li>Easy sample access: the instrument rotates allowing all samples to be accessed from the front</li><li>Fewer connections: one water supply line in, one drain line out&nbsp;</li></ul><h4>OPTIONS (Add to main Cat# when purchasing)</h4><h5>S-EVAP-RB 8 Position</h5><ul><li>Positive pressure type Z purged bath (Option Code -Z), Cat# 12060-Z</li><li>240V wiring and plug (Option Code -2), Cat# 12060-2</li><li>Nitrogen purge manifold (Option Code -N), Cat# 12060-N</li></ul><h5>S-EVAP-RB 10 Position</h5><ul><li>Positive pressure type Z purged bath (Option Code -Z), Cat# 12090-Z</li><li>240V wiring and plug (Option Code -2), Cat# 12090-2</li><li>Nitrogen purge manifold (Option Code -N), Cat# 12090-N</li></ul><h4>ACCESSORIES (S-EVAP-RB 8 Position and S-EVAP-RB 10 Position)</h4><ul><li>250 ml individual collection glassware set Cat# GS2162</li><li>125 ml individual collection glassware set Cat# GS2161</li><li>Adapter rings for 3.0 in hole &nbsp;Cat# XA2286</li><li>Cover for 3.0 in disk holes Cat# XA2282</li><li>Cover for 2.125 in disk holes Cat# XA3283</li><li>Boiling grids Cat# GA2245</li><li>Chiller</li></ul><h4>Specification</h4><h5>Model Options</h5><ul><li>S-EVAP-RB 8-Position (250 mL)<ul><li>Catalog Number: 12060</li><li>Number of Sample Positions: 8</li><li>Bath Model: 9125</li><li>Power: 900 W</li><li>Temperature Control: Mechanical thermostat</li><li>Bath Size (Inside): 12 × 4.5 in (30.5 × 11.4 cm)</li><li>System Dimensions: 24 × 22 × 30 in (61 × 56 × 76 cm)</li></ul></li><li>S-EVAP-RB 10-Position (250 mL)<ul><li>Catalog Number: 12090</li><li>Number of Sample Positions: 10</li><li>Bath Model: 16165</li><li>Power: 1600 W</li><li>Temperature Control: Digital controller with LED display</li><li>Bath Size (Inside): 16 × 4.5 in (40.6 × 11.4 cm)</li><li>System Dimensions: 26 × 24 × 30 in (66 × 61 × 76 cm)</li></ul></li></ul><h5>Shared Features</h5><ul><li>Application: Round-bottom flasks with shallow bath</li><li>Sample Flask Type: Round-bottom with flat base, 250 mL</li><li>Required Glassware: GS2162</li><li>Condenser Type: Inverted Hopkins with 24/40 sidearm</li><li>Collection Flask Type: 250 mL round with flat bottom</li><li>Heating Medium: Water</li><li>Bath Temperature Range: 30–100 °C</li><li>Temperature Accuracy: ±2 °C</li><li>Bath Outside Dimensions (W × D × H):<ul><li>Model 9125: 18 × 16 × 7 in (46 × 41 × 18 cm)</li><li>Model 16165: 24 × 19 × 6 in (61 × 48 × 15 cm)</li></ul></li></ul>

CACTU Solutions Catalytic testing units

CACTU Solutions offers modular fixed-bed catalytic units for hydroprocessing at up to 200 bar and 600 °C. Designed for bio-oils, waxes, and petroleum, with automation and online GC analysis.

CACTU Solutions designs and manufactures advanced fixed-bed catalytic testing units tailored for R&amp;D and pilot-scale applications. These compact, modular systems support hydrotreating, hydrocracking, hydrogenation, and oxidation of a wide range of feedstocks, including petroleum fractions, bio-oils from HTL and pyrolysis, and challenging materials like waxes or durene-based compounds.<h4>Key Features:&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>The best tool for the lab testing of catalysts activity</li><li>Hydrogenation, hydrocracking, oxidation and many others</li><li>Pressures up to 200 bar, temperatures up to 600 °C</li><li>Wide range of processed feedstocks</li><li>Solid feedstocks with the melting point up to 140 °C</li><li>Automatization of the process via remote control</li><li>Automatic products sampling</li><li>One or two-reactor design for the perfect variability</li><li>Different volumes of tube reactors included (30 – 300 ml)</li><li>Online GC-FID/TCD connection for off-gas composition measurement</li></ul><h4>Applications:</h4><ul><li>Hydrocracking of Fischer-Tropsch wax for Orlen Unipetrol refinery</li><li>Hydrotreating of HTL oils for Crossbridge Energy Fredericia</li><li>Hydrotreating of HTL and pyrolysis oils for BayernOil Raffineriegesellschaft mbH</li><li>Hydrogenation of durene-based feedstock for Ranido (Prague)</li></ul>

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