Concerns about injecting water into a GC system largely come from older column designs, where stationary phases were simply coated and could be affected by water exposure. Modern capillary columns are typically chemically bonded, which improves resistance to water injections and even supports water rinsing in many cases.One practical exception involves very polar polyethylene glycol (PEG / “wax”) phases. Because these phases strongly interact with water, repeated aqueous injections can allow water to accumulate and gradually shift selectivity. For many PEG-based columns, minimizing frequent water injections helps maintain consistent performance.A separate—and often more important—issue is water’s very large vapor expansion in a hot inlet. If the vapor volume exceeds the inlet liner capacity, backflash can occur, sending sample vapor into cooler, unheated zones and increasing the risk of carryover. Using smaller injection volumes helps reduce this risk.In workflows where water is the sample matrix (for example, volatile analysis), analytes may elute at relatively low oven temperatures while water and higher-boiling residues can linger. Periodic bake-off (high-temperature cleanup steps) is commonly used to restore column performance when water remains on the phase at low temperatures.In summary, the biggest hesitation about water injections is rooted in legacy, coated column stories. With chemically bonded phases, the key considerations tend to be inlet expansion/backflash behavior, water retention on very polar phases, and routine maintenance practices like bake-out.<blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1571">Zebron ZB-WAXPLUS GC Columns</a></h4><ul><li>100% aqueous stable, excellent for aqueous samples; bonded and solvent rinseable</li><li>Extremely inert for acidic compounds</li><li>Enhanced selectivity for low boiling solvents; high retention of alcohols and chlorinated solvents</li><li>Increased efficiency at 20&nbsp;°C</li></ul></blockquote>

Water in GC: Safe or Risky? Here’s What You Need to Know

🎤 Presenter: Paul-Albert Schneide (University of Copenhagen)💾 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/32780">PDF presentation</a><h3>Abstract</h3>Tensor decomposition methods such as PARAFAC and PARAFAC2 have been proposed for resolving co-elutions, and extracting purified spectra in two-dimensional chromatography datasets. However, the application of these methods is usually restricted to local regions-of-interest (ROIs). Therefore, additional pre-processing steps, are required and processing multiple samples at once can be difficult due to retention time shifts (e.g., it is difficult to define a ROI that captures the same analyse signal in multiple samples).This work presents an application of fast, shift-invariant tensor decomposition, which was used for the decomposition of full-scale GCxGC-VUV datasets. The results show that chemical groups can be resolved, which are non-separable with conventional, template-based approaches, such as aliphates and olefines, Furthermore, the extracted peak areas are in good agreement with the quantitative results of the reference methods (e.g., bromine number for olefines).<h2>Video Transcription</h2><h3>Background and Motivation</h3>The project originated from a collaboration initiated by Alexandra Alvich from IFPEN, who approached Prof. Rasmus Bro’s research group at the University of Copenhagen for help analyzing a GC×GC-VUV dataset acquired during her PhD research. The work was then continued by Paul-Albert Schneider and Jesper Henri from the Technical University of Denmark.The primary objective was to develop a simpler and less manually intensive approach for petrochemical group quantification while maintaining strong quantitative performance and spectral interpretability.According to Schneider, the proposed method is based on two key principles:<ul><li>Simple implementation with a minimal number of tuning parameters</li><li>Accurate estimation of peak patterns, VUV spectra, and peak areas</li></ul>The workflow specifically targets group-level petrochemical analysis rather than individual compound identification.<h3>Data Analysis Workflow</h3>The presented workflow begins with a collection of GC×GC-VUV measurements. In this study, the researchers analyzed:<ul><li>14 gas oil samples</li><li>24 total measurements, including replicates</li><li>Samples processed using different treatment methods</li></ul>Initial preprocessing was performed using a dedicated plug-in module developed during Alexandra Alvich’s PhD work. The preprocessing included:<ul><li>Signal smoothing</li><li>Downsampling</li><li>Basic data conditioning</li></ul>The processed data were then submitted to the decomposition engine developed by the Copenhagen research group. The decomposition produced:<ul><li>Resolved VUV spectra</li><li>GC×GC chromatographic landscapes</li><li>Peak areas or peak volumes</li></ul>An in-house spectral library from IFPEN was subsequently used to verify that the extracted spectra corresponded to known petrochemical groups, enabling group-level quantitative analysis.Importantly, the workflow currently requires only a single major tuning parameter: the number of components used in the decomposition model. The researchers also noted ongoing efforts to automate this selection step.<h3>Comparison with Existing Template-Based Methods</h3>The study benchmarked the new approach against Alexandra Alvich’s previously developed template-based quantification method.In the template-based workflow:<ul><li>Elution regions are predefined using a grid structure</li><li>Peak intensities within those regions are summed</li><li>Quantitative estimates are obtained for specific petrochemical classes</li></ul>Although the template-based strategy demonstrated strong performance compared with other analytical techniques, Schneider highlighted several limitations:<ul><li>Sensitivity to retention time shifts</li><li>Manual adjustment of integration regions</li><li>Dependence on prior knowledge of coeluting compounds</li></ul>The new decomposition-based method was designed to reduce manual intervention and improve robustness against chromatographic variability.<h3>Shift-Invariant Trilinear Decomposition</h3>The proposed workflow is conceptually related to PARAFAC and multivariate curve resolution methods.One important advantage of GC×GC-VUV data is the applicability of the Beer–Lambert law, which enables mathematically structured decomposition approaches.The researchers evaluated two possible strategies:<ol><li>Decomposing each sample individually</li><li>Decomposing all samples simultaneously after concatenation into one large dataset</li></ol>The second strategy became the central focus of the work. Multiple samples were concatenated into a large matrix and factorized to extract shared chemical information across all measurements simultaneously.Unlike many conventional GC×GC deconvolution pipelines, the workflow does not rely on a prior region-of-interest detection step. Instead, the entire dataset is decomposed directly.<h3>Addressing Retention Time Shifts</h3>A critical challenge for PARAFAC-type models is the assumption of strict trilinearity. In GC×GC datasets, however, second-dimension retention time shifts caused by temperature programming violate this assumption.Schneider demonstrated how standard one-component PARAFAC models fail to properly model shifted peaks, leaving characteristic residual patterns. When fitting additional components, conventional models often allocate extra components to describing peak shifts instead of resolving true coeluting compounds.The shift-invariant model solves this issue by explicitly accounting for chromatographic shifts. As a result:<ul><li>Large shifted peaks are modeled correctly</li><li>Residuals are minimized</li><li>Small coeluting peaks become resolvable</li></ul>The algorithm uses fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based operations internally to correct for chromatographic shifts efficiently.According to the presentation, the approach is also significantly faster than PARAFAC2, which is commonly used for shifted datasets.The researchers additionally described extensions of the model that can accommodate:<ul><li>Retention time shifts</li><li>Peak shape variations</li><li>Additional flexibility without losing uniqueness properties</li></ul><h3>Quantitative Results</h3>The team applied a seven-component model to the complete dataset containing 24 GC×GC-VUV measurements.The decomposition extracted seven characteristic VUV spectra, which were compared against the IFPEN in-house spectral library. The extracted spectra matched known petrochemical group signatures very well.The resolved components included:<ul><li>Two monoaromatic components</li><li>Two diaromatic components</li><li>Additional petrochemical group patterns</li></ul>For quantitative evaluation, chemically related components were grouped together.<h4>Reproducibility</h4>Replicate measurements demonstrated strong quantitative reproducibility:<ul><li>Relative standard deviations below 10%</li><li>Consistent peak area estimation across petrochemical groups</li></ul><h4>Comparison with the Template-Based Approach</h4>The decomposition workflow showed good agreement with the existing template-based quantification strategy, with monoaromatics representing the main discrepancy requiring further investigation.Schneider explained that the differences were likely related to relative response factor scaling used in the template-based method but not yet implemented in the decomposition workflow at the time of the presentation.<h4>Future Development</h4>The researchers outlined several next steps for the project:<ul><li>Running models on individual samples to achieve higher resolution</li><li>Resolving sulfur-containing compounds</li><li>Extracting more sample-specific differences</li><li>Automating component number selection</li><li>Investigating deviations in monoaromatic quantification</li><li>Integrating the workflow into an open-source software project</li></ul>The team also expressed interest in future collaboration with other researchers working on related GC×GC data analysis workflows.<h3>Conclusion</h3>The presented shift-invariant trilinear decomposition workflow demonstrated promising performance for automated petrochemical group analysis in GC×GC-VUV datasets. By combining robust mathematical modeling with minimal manual intervention, the method offers a simplified alternative to traditional template-based approaches while maintaining strong quantitative agreement and spectral interpretability.The work highlights the growing role of advanced multivariate data analysis strategies in comprehensive chromatography and demonstrates how shift-aware decomposition methods can significantly improve the analysis of highly complex petrochemical datasets.<blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote>

One-shot tensor decomposition of full-scale GC×GC-VUV datasets for resolving petrochemical groups (Paul-Albert Schneide, MDCW 2026)

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 11th May 2026? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application note by Shimadzu, poster by MDCW / William &amp; Mary and brochure by Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. MDCW / William &amp; Mary: Optimizing Solvent Selection and Data Reduction Workflows for GC×GC Fire Debris Analysis</h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/P_14_O_Brien_63304669ee.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><section><div><div><div><div><div><div><h5>What are Ignitable Liquid Residues (ILRs)?&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>Chemical remains of ignitable liquids (IL) (e.g., gasoline or diesel) that did not fully burn during a fire&nbsp;</li><li>ILRs are usually petroleum-based products and contain complex mixtures of volatile chemicals, like hydrocarbons&nbsp;</li></ul><h5>Forensic Analysis of ILRs&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>Collection of porous materials like wood from the fire’s point of origin&nbsp;</li><li>Must be stored in airtight containers to prevent volatile ILR from evaporation&nbsp;</li><li>Passive headspace extraction onto activate charcoal strips (ACS) is used to extract ILRs from debris, and dichloromethane (DCM) is used to extracts ILRs from charcoal strips&nbsp;</li><li>Emerging is the use of two-dimensional gas chromatography – time of fight - mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS), with higher separation and resolution</li><li>Resulting chromatograms presents a pattern of peaks which can be used to identified specific type of accelerant used&nbsp;</li></ul><h5>Chemometrics&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>The discipline that focuses on the application of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze chemical data and extract meaningful information (Bovens, 2019)&nbsp;</li><li>Helps make sense of large datasets from analytical instruments, find pattens, and classify samples</li></ul><h4>Methods</h4><h5>Analytical Instrumentation&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>LECO corporation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1097">BTX4D GC×GC-TOFMS</a> with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1289">Paradigm Shift reverse fill-flush (RFF) flow modulator</a></li></ul><h5>Software&nbsp;</h5><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1873">ChromaTOF Sync 2D</a> (LECO corporation)&nbsp;</li><li>R Statistical Software</li></ul><h4>Conclusions</h4>This study demonstrated that the use of chemometrics can be integrated into a data processing workflow to better understand data sets and create a streamlined process. Using UMAP, patterns identified that were not originally seen in PCA lead to the preferred solvents of ILR extraction being hexane and methanol. Since UMAP allowed visualization of local and global structures, groupings of gasoline samples allowed for better analysis of solvent effect.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Multiresidue Pesticides Analysis in Solvent Extract of Annatto (Natural Color Additive) Using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-TQ8050+NX">GCMSTQ8050 NX</a></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_06_sip_gc_043_en_95576a9ac4.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>&nbsp;Accurate and reproducible trace level quantitation of pesticides in highly pigmented complex matrix using Ultra-fast GCMSTQ8050 NX and QuEChERS extraction</li><li>Single-laboratory partial validated method for LOQ determination meeting regulatory guidelines</li><li>Ease of instrumental method optimization using GCMS Smart Pesticides Database Ver.2 from Shimadzu Corporation</li></ul>Annatto is an orange-red condiment and food colorant derived from the seeds of the achiote tree (Bixa Orellana) (Fig. 1). It is often used to impart a yellow to red-orange color to foods, but sometimes also for its flavor and aroma. Similar effects can be obtained by extracting some of the color and flavor principles from the seeds, which are then added to the food. Annatto and its extracts are now widely used in an artisanal or industrial scale as a coloring agent in many processed food products, such as cheeses, butter, baked goods, potatoes, snack foods, breakfast cereals, smoked fish etc. In these uses, Annatto is a natural alternative to synthetic food coloring compounds.&nbsp;Owing to its large culinary uses and other diverse applications, use of chemical pesticides for its production in large quantities is imperative. Dye extraction process may result in concentration of pesticides and in turn contribute to adverse impact on human health when incorporated in various preparations. Hence quantitation of residual pesticides in Annatto extract becomes very important. As the oleoresin is a complex matrix, it is required to develop a rugged, sensitive and efficient method for extraction of residual pesticide and its analysis.&nbsp;This study reports a highly sensitive method for simultaneous quantification of multiple pesticides in highly pigmented complex matrix of Annatto using modified QuEChERS[1] with triple quadrupole gas chromatography (GC-MS/MS) system.<h4>Materials and Methods</h4>For this study, customized reference standard mixture of most commonly observed pesticides in Annatto seeds was procured from Restek Corporation.The calibration standards were analyzed from 0.5 to 1000 μg/L. Linearity was plotted by external standard method and using weighted regression of 1/C2. Sample was spiked at 3 levels i.e., 10, 25 and 100 μg/kg. Recovery samples were prepared in 6 replicates at each level. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-TQ8050+NX">GCMS-TQ8050 NX</a> (Fig. 2), manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation Japan, was used for quantitation. LabSolutions InsightTM was used for data processing, which helped in evaluating validation parameters with ease.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study shows that the modified QuEChERS method combined with GC-MS/MS system is a reliable and efficient tool to quantify residual pesticides in Annatto extract sample. Although Annatto extract is a highly pigmented complex matrix, the modified QuEChERS method significantly reduces interference. Also, extremely sensitive Shimadzu GC-MS/MS allows trace level detection even after multifold dilution of sample. This helps in reducing contamination and enhancing ruggednessresulting in reproducible detection of analytes.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Sentinel PRO 710 environmental mass spectrometer Precise real time gas analyzer for toxic volatile organic compounds</h3><ul><li>Product specification</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/sentinel_pro_710_spec_sheet_en_886523bfc2.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=Sentinel+PRO">Thermo Scientific™ Sentinel PRO Environmental Mass Spectrometer </a>is a highly reliable and versatile gas analyzer ideal for reporting the presence of toxic VOCs from fugitive emissions in industrial settings to ensure worker safety.<h4>Fugitive emissions of toxic VOCs&nbsp;</h4>Wherever there is potential danger for fugitive emissions of toxic organic vapors from a chemical production unit, regulating authorities often require plants to keep records of ambient vapor concentrations to protect workers from exposure. Various forms of capture include evacuated vessels, organic vapor monitors, or purge and trap devices, all of which require samples to be sent for analysis. Alternatively, electrochemical sensors or open path FT-IR spectroscopy can provide more immediate results. However, none of these technologies are capable of providing the spatial and temporal resolution required to qualify as actionable information.&nbsp;<h4>Analytical platform&nbsp;</h4>The primary feature of the Sentinel PRO mass spectrometer is the magnetic sector analyzer. This field-proven technology has demonstrated the strongest performance for industrial on-line gas analysis. Magnetic sector technology offers precision, accuracy, long intervals between calibrations. The new touchscreen interface further enhances usability, providing intuitive in-person operation, simplified maintenance, and real-time data viewing. Multi-role user permissions ensure security and control allowing operators to customize settings based on their specific needs.&nbsp;<h4>Comprehensive data collection&nbsp;</h4>With speed and precision, the Sentinel PRO analyzer monitors all the critical areas for short-term exposure levels of toxic VOCs, and also provides accurate and time-weighted average exposure data. With a high number of sample points available, many can be located close to potential leak points such as valve stems, etc., enabling leak detection and correction before any toxic hazard is created.&nbsp;<h4>Membrane inlet mass spectrometry&nbsp;</h4>The analyzer is fitted with a membrane inlet to reduce the pressure of the sample air from atmospheric to the working pressure of the enclosed ion source. This allows a method of sample introduction that greatly enhances the system’s sensitivity to VOCs. Since the membrane is more permeable to VOCs than to major air gases, it provides enrichment by several orders of magnitude, enabling detection as low as 5 ppb (species dependent) permits easy membrane replacement during annual routine maintenance to minimize downtime and increase productivity.</div></div></div></div></div></div></section>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 20, 2026

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Linde Nitrogen 4.6 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Nitrogen 4.6 (≥99.996%) for industry and analytics. Reliable inert gas for purging, protection, and calibration.

Nitrogen 4.6 from Linde is a high-purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.996%, suitable for a wide range of industrial and analytical applications.Due to its chemical inertness, it is widely used as a protective and purge gas in processes where oxidation or contamination must be prevented. Nitrogen 4.6 is also suitable as a zero gas in analytical instrumentation, providing stable baseline conditions for accurate measurements.In industrial environments, it is commonly used as a cutting gas for laser and plasma cutting of standard materials.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Purity ≥ 99.996% (4.6 grade)</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Suitable for protective atmospheres</li><li>Stable performance in analytical applications</li><li>Versatile industrial use</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: nitrogen (N₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.996% (4.6 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>20 l (200 bar)</li><li>50 l (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Protective and purge gas in metallurgy and metal processing</li><li>Chemical, food, and electronics industries</li><li>Carrier and protective gas in semiconductor manufacturing</li><li>Laser and plasma cutting gas</li><li>Zero gas for analytical and measurement systems</li></ul>

Linde Nitrogen 4.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Nitrogen 4.0 (≥99.99%) for industrial applications. Reliable inert gas for purging, protection, and cooling.

Nitrogen 4.0 from Linde is a technically pure inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.99%, designed for a wide range of industrial and technological applications.Due to its chemical inertness, it is widely used as a protective and purging gas in processes where oxidation or unwanted reactions must be prevented. Nitrogen 4.0 is also suitable as a universal cooling medium and is applied across various industrial and research processes.Its robust and versatile performance makes it a cost-effective solution for applications where ultra-high purity is not required.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Purity ≥ 99.99% (4.0 grade)</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Suitable for protective and purging applications</li><li>Versatile industrial use</li><li>Suitable as a cooling medium</li><li>Cost-effective solution</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: nitrogen (N₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.99% (4.0 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>20 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (300 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Protective gas in metallurgical, chemical, food, and electrochemical industries</li><li>Purging gas for pipes and tanks</li><li>Cooling applications (e.g., shrink fitting, plastics processing)</li><li>Construction, food industry, biology, and medicine</li><li>Welding applications (root protection and oxidation prevention)</li></ul>

Linde Nitrogen 5.3 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Nitrogen 5.3 (≥99.999%) for GC, analytics, and industry. High-purity inert gas for purging, protection, and carrier applications.

Nitrogen 5.3 from Linde is a high-purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.999%, suitable for demanding analytical, industrial, and research applications.Its low impurity levels make it ideal as a carrier gas in gas chromatography and as a working gas for analytical instruments. It is also widely used as a protective, purge, and flushing gas in processes requiring a stable inert environment with minimal contamination risk.Nitrogen 5.3 offers an optimal balance between high purity and cost efficiency for a wide range of applications.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>High purity ≥ 99.999% (5.3 grade)</li><li>Low trace impurity levels</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Suitable for analytical applications (GC)</li><li>Stable and reproducible performance</li><li>Versatile industrial and laboratory use</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: nitrogen (N₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.999% (5.3 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>50 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (300 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Protective and purge gas in metallurgy and metal processing</li><li>Chemical, food, and electronics industries</li><li>Carrier and protective gas in semiconductor manufacturing</li><li>Zero gas for analytical instruments</li><li>Flushing gas for industrial systems</li><li>Carrier gas in gas chromatography (GC)</li><li>Cooling applications (e.g., shrink fitting)</li><li>Plastics processing</li><li>Construction and food industry</li><li>Biology, medicine, and research</li></ul>

Linde Nitrogen 6.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Nitrogen 6.0 (≥99.9999%) for GC, semiconductors, and research. Ultra-high purity inert gas for demanding analytical and industrial applications.

Nitrogen 6.0 from Linde is an ultra-high purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.9999%, designed for the most demanding analytical, laboratory, and industrial applications.Its extremely low level of trace impurities makes it ideal for high-sensitivity analytical techniques such as gas chromatography, as well as for semiconductor manufacturing and advanced research. It ensures maximum stability, minimal contamination, and excellent reproducibility.Nitrogen 6.0 is the preferred choice wherever gas purity is critical and precise control of process conditions is required.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Ultra-high purity ≥ 99.9999% (6.0 grade)</li><li>Extremely low trace impurity levels</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Ideal for analytical and semiconductor applications</li><li>High stability and reproducibility</li><li>Suitable for high-end applications</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: nitrogen (N₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.9999% (6.0 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>10 l (200 bar)</li><li>50 l (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Protective and purge gas in metallurgy and metal processing</li><li>Chemical, food, and electronics industries</li><li>Carrier and protective gas in semiconductor manufacturing</li><li>Zero gas for analytical instruments</li><li>Flushing gas for industrial systems</li><li>Carrier gas in gas chromatography (GC)</li><li>Cooling applications (e.g., shrink fitting)</li><li>Plastics processing</li><li>Construction and food industry</li><li>Biology, medicine, and research</li></ul>

Linde Food Grade Nitrogen – Gas Cylinder

Food grade nitrogen from Linde for MAP packaging, inerting, and food protection. Prevents oxidation and extends product shelf life.

Food grade nitrogen from Linde is a high-purity inert gas designed for use in the food and beverage industry. It complies with all relevant regulations for food-contact applications.Nitrogen is primarily used to displace oxygen, preventing oxidation, microbial growth, and product degradation. Its inert nature helps extend shelf life while preserving product quality, taste, and appearance.It is suitable for a wide range of applications, including modified atmosphere packaging and beverage inerting.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Food-grade quality compliant with regulations</li><li>Inert gas with no impact on taste or odor</li><li>Prevents oxidation and microbial growth</li><li>Extends shelf life of products</li><li>Suitable for MAP packaging and inerting</li><li>Colorless and odorless</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: nitrogen (N₂)</li><li>Grade: food grade</li><li>Supply form: gas cylinder<ul><li>20 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><h5>Food Industry:</h5><ul><li>Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP)</li><li>Oxygen displacement during packaging</li><li>Storage of oils and fats to prevent oxidation</li><li>Cryogenic cooling and freezing (liquid nitrogen)</li></ul><h5>Beverage Industry:</h5><ul><li>Inerting of beverages and equipment</li><li>Wine preservation and storage</li><li>Shelf-life extension of beverages</li></ul>

Linde Argon for Spectrometry – Gas Cylinder

Linde Argon ≥99.998% for spectrometry, GC, and research. High-purity inert gas ensuring stable and accurate analytical measurements.

Argon for spectrometry from Linde is a high-purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.998%, designed for demanding analytical and laboratory applications.Its chemical inertness and low impurity levels make it ideal for spectrometric techniques, ensuring stable and reproducible measurement conditions. Argon is commonly used as a carrier gas in gas chromatography and as a protective gas in spectroscopic material analysis.It is particularly suitable for applications where gas purity, minimal interference, and high analytical accuracy are essential.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>High purity ≥ 99.998%</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Low trace impurity levels</li><li>Suitable for spectrometry and GC</li><li>Stable and reproducible performance</li><li>Colorless and odorless</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: argon (Ar)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.998%</li><li>Supply form: gas cylinder</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Carrier gas in gas chromatography (GC)</li><li>Protective gas for spectrometric material testing</li><li>Spectrometry (e.g., emission and mass spectrometry)</li><li>Measurement and analytical technologies</li><li>Research and development</li></ul>

Linde Argon 5.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Argon 5.0 for TIG, PAW, GC, and spectrometry. Ultra-high purity inert gas for sensitive materials and precision analytical applications.

Argon 5.0 from Linde is a high-purity inert gas (≥ 99.999%) designed for demanding applications where maximum purity and stability are essential.Its exceptional purity makes it ideal for welding sensitive metals such as titanium, tantalum, and zirconium, where even trace contamination can affect weld quality. Argon 5.0 is also widely used in analytical techniques, semiconductor processes, and research environments, ensuring stable and reproducible conditions.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Very high purity ≥ 99.999% (5.0 grade)</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Extremely low impurity levels</li><li>Suitable for sensitive materials and precision processes</li><li>Stable analytical and process conditions</li><li>Versatile applications (welding, analytics, research)</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: argon (Ar)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.999% (5.0 grade)</li><li>Standard: ČSN EN ISO 14175</li><li>Supply form: gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>20 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Shielding gas for TIG and PAW welding<ul><li>titanium, tantalum, zirconium and sensitive metals</li></ul></li><li>Semiconductor industry<ul><li>deposition and diffusion processes</li><li>thin film preparation</li></ul></li><li>Analytical applications<ul><li>carrier gas in gas chromatography (GC)</li><li>protective gas in spectrometric analysis</li></ul></li><li>Lighting industry<ul><li>filling gas for lamps</li></ul></li><li>Measurement technology, research and development</li></ul>

Linde Argon 6.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Argon 6.0 (≥99.9999%) for GC, spectrometry, and semiconductors. Ultra-high purity inert gas for the most demanding analytical applications.

Argon 6.0 from Linde is an ultra-high purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.9999%, designed for the most demanding applications in analytics, semiconductor manufacturing, and research.Its extremely low level of trace impurities makes it ideal for use in gas chromatography, spectrometry, and other contamination-sensitive techniques. It ensures maximum measurement stability, minimal interference, and excellent reproducibility.Argon 6.0 is also well suited for advanced technological processes such as thin film deposition and diffusion processes, where ultra-clean protective atmospheres are required.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Ultra-high purity ≥ 99.9999% (6.0 grade)</li><li>Extremely low trace impurity levels</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Ideal for analytical and semiconductor applications</li><li>High stability and reproducibility</li><li>Suitable for the most demanding applications</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: argon (Ar)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.9999% (6.0 grade)</li><li>Standard: ČSN EN ISO 14175</li><li>Supply form: gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Semiconductor industry<ul><li>deposition and diffusion processes</li><li>thin film manufacturing</li></ul></li><li>Analytical applications<ul><li>carrier gas in gas chromatography (GC)</li><li>protective gas in spectrometric analysis</li></ul></li><li>Lighting industry<ul><li>filling gas for lamps</li></ul></li><li>Measurement technologies</li><li>Research and development</li></ul>

Organomation 6 Position N-EVAP Nitrogen Evaporator

Compact nitrogen evaporator for up to 6 samples with precise flow control, heated bath options, and wide sample compatibility.

The Organomation 6 Position N-EVAP is a compact and cost-effective sample concentrator designed for simultaneous evaporation of up to 6 samples. Based on the proven N-EVAP technology developed in the 1970s, it ensures reliable and reproducible solvent evaporation using nitrogen gas within a heated bath.The system supports a wide range of sample sizes – 10–30 mm OD as standard, and up to 30–56 mm OD with an optional holder. The circular rotating design allows easy front access to all samples.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Evaporation of up to 6 samples simultaneously</li><li>Adjustable nitrogen flow: 0–10 L/min</li><li>Individually adjustable needle valves for precise control</li><li>Circular rotating sample holder for easy access</li><li>Wide sample diameter range: 10–56 mm OD (with optional holder)</li><li>Stainless steel bath construction for durability</li><li>Water or dry bath configurations available</li><li>High temperature limit switch for safety</li><li>Phthalate-free silicone tubing to prevent contamination</li><li>Efficient nitrogen usage with minimal waste</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Number of positions: 6</li><li>Sample holder layout: Circular</li><li>Gas manifold: Single ring</li><li>Gas flow meter: 0–10 L/min</li><li>Standard sample OD: 10–30 mm</li><li>Optional sample OD: 30–56 mm</li><li>Gas input pressure: 20–30 psig</li><li>With regulator: 30–160 psig</li></ul><h4>Dimensions</h4><ul><li>Water bath: 33 × 28 × 79 cm</li><li>Dry bath: 33 × 28 × 70 cm</li><li>Reduced height: 33 × 28 × 61 cm</li></ul><h4>Needles</h4><ul><li>Length: 4 in (≈10 cm)</li><li>Gauge: 19 ga</li><li>Material: stainless steel + chrome-plated brass hub</li></ul><h4>Heating – Water Bath</h4><ul><li>Temperature range: 30–90 °C</li><li>Power: 550 W</li><li>Controller: mechanical thermostat</li><li>Accuracy: ±2 °C</li></ul><h4>Heating – Dry Bath</h4><ul><li>Temperature range: 40–130 °C</li><li>Power: 500 W</li><li>Medium: aluminum / glass beads</li><li>Accuracy: ±2 °C</li></ul>

Organomation 20 Position Auto N-EVAP Nitrogen Evaporator

The 20 Position Auto N-EVAP enables automated, safe evaporation of up to 20 samples with digital control and pneumatic sample handling.

The Organomation 20 Position Auto N-EVAP is the most advanced nitrogen evaporator developed by Organomation. It combines the classic N-EVAP system with timed automation and optional nitrogen self-generation.The instrument operates in both automatic and manual modes using an integrated pneumatic system. In automatic mode, samples are removed from the heating bath at the end of the cycle, reducing the risk of sample loss or damage.A digital control system provides precise control of gas flow and bath temperature, ensuring safe and reproducible evaporation of up to 20 samples simultaneously.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Automatic and manual operation modes</li><li>Capacity of up to 20 samples</li><li>Automatic sample removal after cycle completion</li><li>Digital control of temperature and timing</li><li>Nitrogen flow up to 25 L/min</li><li>Built-in pressure reducing regulator</li><li>Dual nitrogen filtration system</li><li>Pneumatic sample lift (gas piston)</li><li>Safety cover and circuit breaker</li><li>Precision needle valve control</li><li>Phthalate-free high-pressure tubing</li><li>Reduced risk of sample loss through automation</li></ul><h4>Available Model</h4><h5>Automatic 20 Position N-EVAP – Water Bath</h5><ul><li>Catalog number: 11220-A</li><li>Bath type: Water</li><li>Number of positions: 20</li><li>Dimensions: 49 × 46 × 92 cm</li><li>Temperature range: 30–100 °C</li><li>Total wattage: 1100 W</li></ul><h5>Standard Features</h5><ul><li>Adjustable flow meter: 0–25 L/min</li><li>Built-in pressure reducing regulator</li><li>Dual nitrogen filters</li><li>Digital temperature controller (LED)</li><li>Electronic timer</li><li>High temperature limit switch</li><li>Safety cover</li><li>Circuit breaker</li><li>High-pressure phthalate-free tubing</li><li>Precision variable valve technology</li><li>Gas piston lift mechanism</li><li>Set of 20 needles (4" × 19 gauge)</li></ul><h4>Options</h4><ul><li>220v wiring harness</li><li>Z-Purge / positive pressure purge case</li><li>Acid resistant coating on instrument and needles</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Number of positions: 20</li><li>Sample holder layout: Circular</li><li>Gas manifold: Single Ring</li><li>Gas flow rate: 0–25 L/min</li><li>Sample size range: 10–30 mm OD</li><li>Nitrogen input pressure: 30–110 psig</li><li>Acid resistant coating: Optional</li></ul><h4>Needles</h4><ul><li>Size: 102 mm × 19 ga (4")</li><li>Material: stainless steel with plated brass hub</li></ul><h4>Sample Lift Mechanism</h4><ul><li>Type: Gas piston</li><li>Function: automatic lifting/removal of samples</li></ul><h4>Control System</h4><ul><li>Digital temperature control (LED display)</li><li>Electronic timer for gas and heating</li></ul><h4>Heating Specifications</h4><ul><li>Model: 11196</li><li>Medium: Water</li><li>Inside dimensions: 11 × 11 × 5.5 in</li><li>Outside dimensions: 49 × 46 × 18 cm</li><li>Power: 1100 W</li><li>Temperature range: 30–100 °C</li><li>Controller: digital electronic</li><li>Accuracy: ±2 °C</li></ul><h4>Accessories</h4><ul><li>Nitrogen generator (20 L/min)</li><li>Pasteur pipette adapters</li><li>Pressure reducing regulator 0–160 psi</li><li>High temperature silicone fluid</li><li>Various needle sizes and gauges</li></ul><h4>Replacement Parts</h4><ul><li>NA1955 – Nitrogen generator</li><li>NA0603 – Needles 4" × 19 ga</li><li>NA0636 – Pasteur pipette adapter</li></ul>

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