Join us for a free two-day LECO Separation Science Workshop on September 23–24, 2026, at the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/219">C³AL Laboratory</a> at Cal State LA. Registration is free, and meals and refreshments will be provided throughout the workshop.&nbsp;<h4>Registration</h4><blockquote>👉<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://forms.cloud.microsoft/pages/responsepage.aspx?id=iYeNbqIuykW7qZP4_jUEVbznDB40eK1PgjPzhHyb__9URTFTTFA5UEEzQ1A4MUtFV0o4TEJTNlZCOS4u&amp;route=shorturl">Register HERE</a>Space is limited, register today!<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_LECO_Separation_Science_Workshop_registration_332543a18e.jpg" alt="LECO: LECO Separation Science Workshop - QR code for registration" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_LECO_Separation_Science_Workshop_registration_332543a18e.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="437" height="437"></blockquote><h4>Hand-on Experience with the LECO Complex Chemical Composition Analysis Lab C3AL</h4><ul><li>Work directly with LECO instruments in the C3AL Laboratory</li><li>Learn complete analytical workflows from sample to answer</li><li>Get expert guidance from LECO application scientists</li><li>Develop methods and solve real-world challenges</li><li>Collaborate, ask questions, and build your skills</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Cal_State_LA_The_LECO_Pegasus_BTX_system_in_Cal_State_LA_s_LECO_Complex_Chemical_Compositional_Analysis_Lab_enhances_research_and_student_training_in_advanced_chemical_analysis_cover_b739e727ca.jpg" alt="Cal State LA: The LECO Pegasus BTX system in Cal State LA’s LECO Complex Chemical Compositional Analysis Lab enhances research and student training in advanced chemical analysis" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Cal_State_LA_The_LECO_Pegasus_BTX_system_in_Cal_State_LA_s_LECO_Complex_Chemical_Compositional_Analysis_Lab_enhances_research_and_student_training_in_advanced_chemical_analysis_cover_b739e727ca.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="1252" height="863">The first day will focus on the fundamentals and theory of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC), with an emphasis on understanding how GC×GC can enhance your research, solve complex analytical challenges, and support your laboratory or company goals.&nbsp;The second day will be dedicated to hands-on activities, giving participants the opportunity to work directly with LECO instrumentation, learn practical analytical workflows, and analyze their own samples with guidance from LECO application scientists.&nbsp;Whether you are new to GC×GC or looking to expand its use in your research or organization, this workshop offers a unique opportunity to learn, explore, and apply the technology in a practical setting. Space is limited, so register early!<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Cal_State_LA_LECO_QUADJET_G_Cx_GC_coupled_to_Pegasus_BT_4_D_TOM_MS_in_the_Complex_Chemical_Composition_Analysis_Lab_C_AL_077a14ae34/Cal-State-LA-LECO-QUADJET-GCxGC-coupled-to-Pegasus-BT-4D-TOM-MS-in-the-Complex-Chemical-Composition-Analysis-Lab-(CAL).jpg" alt="Cal State LA: LECO QUADJET GCxGC coupled to Pegasus BT 4D TOM MS in the Complex Chemical Composition Analysis Lab (C³AL)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Cal_State_LA_LECO_QUADJET_G_Cx_GC_coupled_to_Pegasus_BT_4_D_TOM_MS_in_the_Complex_Chemical_Composition_Analysis_Lab_C_AL_077a14ae34/thumbnail_Cal-State-LA-LECO-QUADJET-GCxGC-coupled-to-Pegasus-BT-4D-TOM-MS-in-the-Complex-Chemical-Composition-Analysis-Lab-(CAL).jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1949" height="1299">

LECO Separation Science Workshop

An international research team, which included scientists from the Faculty of Science at Palacký University and the Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, has succeeded in unraveling the complex mechanism by which a chemical bond is formed during a collision between molecules. The experts found that the reaction only takes place if the molecules are oriented towards each other within a very narrow range of angles – within the so-called cone of reaction. This joint research has thus provided an answer to one of the fundamental questions of chemistry: under what conditions do chemical bonds form between molecules. The results of the study&nbsp;Spatially resolving the cone of reaction for a single molecule&nbsp;were published in the prestigious scientific journal&nbsp;Science.Many chemical reactions begin with the collision of two particles. However, for a new chemical bond to form, it is not enough for the molecules simply to come into contact. Their collision must occur with sufficient energy, in the correct relative orientation and at the right location. Under normal conditions, such as in solutions or gases, molecules collide chaotically, and the precise parameters of these collisions cannot therefore be controlled.<h4>Molecules under control</h4>Scientists were able to control the collisions of individual molecules on a copper surface and monitored the process using a scanning tunnelling microscope. They used the instrument not only to visualise individual molecules, but also to deliberately accelerate the reactants towards one another. They subsequently analysed each collision with atomic-level resolution. This enabled them to determine unequivocally whether a new chemical bond had formed between the molecules.<h5>“What is hidden in the statistics of billions of collisions in conventional chemistry, we have managed to break down into individual cases and map directly.” Adam Matěj</h5>A key finding of the study is that the outcome of a collision is determined by the extremely precise orientation of the molecules. A new bond was formed only when the target molecule was oriented within a few degrees of the direction of movement of the other molecule. When rotated by more than fifteen degrees, the molecules simply bounced off each other without any reaction.<h4>The precise orientation of the molecules is crucial</h4>“For the first time, we were able to observe, using a single molecule, exactly how precisely it must be oriented for the reaction to take place at all. What is hidden in the statistics of billions of collisions in conventional chemistry, we have managed to break down into individual cases and map directly,” said Adam Matěj from the Department of Physical Chemistry at the Faculty of Science.The theoretical part of the study, in which researchers from Palacký University and the Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences were involved, played a significant role. Using quantum-mechanical calculations, they explained why the ‘reaction cone’ is so narrow. It turned out that the reactive carbon atom is surrounded by hydrogen atoms, which block the access of the reacting molecule from almost all directions.<h4>The arrangement of atoms restricts access to the reaction</h4>The calculations also shed light on a surprising experimental result. The chemical reaction took place even when the molecule moved along an adjacent row of copper atoms, where, according to the original assumptions, no bond should have formed.<h5>“The strength of this work lies in the fact that the experiment and theory have been brought together into a single picture. The microscope showed what happens during the collision, and the calculations explained why.” Pavel Jelínek</h5>“The explanation lies in the slight displacement of a single copper atom on the surface. The target’s bond to the surface pulls it out of its position and brings it close enough to the neighbouring row that it can literally take over the projectile and direct it to the correct spot. This shows that the surface is not merely a passive substrate, but actively participates in the reaction itself and can even facilitate pathways that would otherwise be unfavourable,” noted Adam Matěj.<h4>The surface also determines the course of the reaction</h4>The results are significant for the development of so-called surface reactions, in which new materials and nanostructures are purposefully assembled from individual molecules. A better understanding of the influence of the spatial arrangement of molecules will enable the design of molecular building blocks so that they bond more reliably and efficiently. This represents an important step towards the development of technologies based on the controlled construction of structures atom by atom.“The strength of this work lies in the fact that experiment and theory have been brought together into a single picture. The microscope showed what happens during the collision, and the calculations explained why. Without a theoretical model, we would have found it difficult to discover that the movement of a single surface atom is behind the unexpected course of the reaction,” added Pavel Jelínek from the Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences.<blockquote>The study&nbsp;Spatially resolving the cone of reaction for a single molecule&nbsp;was produced in collaboration between researchers from the University of Graz, the Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University in Olomouc, Charles University and Humboldt University in Berlin.</blockquote>

Scientists reveal when chemical bonds form in molecular collisions 

Injecting water into a gas chromatography (GC) system has always raised concerns for analysts. Many wonder if water will damage their <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products?category=7&amp;manufacturerItems=50">GC column</a> or instrument. In fact, one of the most common questions in gas chromatography water analysis is whether aqueous samples can be safely introduced without compromising results.Selecting the right GC column for water analysis and following proper injection techniques can minimize the risk of column damage and maintain reliable analytical results.<h3>Why Water Injections Are Risky in GC</h3>Water injections in gas chromatography columns are risky due to the following reasons:<h4>Backflash Issues</h4>Water expands significantly when vaporized at high inlet temperatures (e.g., 250–300 °C). If the expansion volume exceeds the inlet liner capacity, backflash can occur. This contaminates injector parts, leaving residues that cause ghost peaks, carryover, sample loss, and elevated baselines, ultimately reducing reproducibility and accuracy.<h4>Stationary Phase Degradation</h4>As a highly polar solvent, water can hydrogen bond with stationary phase polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or wax phases. Repeated exposure alters selectivity, shifts retention times, and may increase bleed in non-crosslinked phases. While older immobilized PEG phases are especially vulnerable, modern chemically bonded and crosslinked stationary phases offer improved resistance, making them more suitable to inject up to 100% water samples.<h4>Incomplete Vaporization</h4>Water’s high boiling point and poor wetting of non-polar stationary phases can result in incomplete vaporization. This may lead to peak splitting, band broadening, or reduced sensitivity. For this reason, injection settings need to be finely adjusted to avoid these effects.<h4>Detector Issue</h4>Standard GC detectors do not directly detect water. Excess water injected into a flame ionization detector (FID) can quench or even extinguish the flame, while moisture in an electron capture detector (ECD) can interfere with electron capture efficiency, suppressing signals or causing false responses.<h3>Choosing the Right GC Columns for Water-Containing Samples</h3>Here are some strategies that can help you increase the life of GC columns when analyzing water-containing samples.<ul><li>Use of cross-linked phases: Modern stationary phase design has greatly improved tolerance to water injections in GC. Cross-linking chemically bonds the stationary phase to the silica surface, making it far more resistant to leaching or washout from polar solvents. Traditionally immobilized but not cross-linked phases were much more vulnerable to degradation. For example, polyethylene glycol (PEG) phases are inherently hydrophilic and prone to water damage unless cross-linked. With technologies such as engineered self-crosslinking (ESC), used in Phenomenex <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1571">Zebron ZB-WAXplus GC columns</a>, PEG phases can withstand repeated water injections without significant loss of efficiency.</li><li>Use of non-polar columns: Non-polar bonded and cross-linked columns (e.g., PDMS phases) are inherently resistant to water damage, though incomplete vaporization may still affect peak quality.</li></ul><h3>Tips to Protect Your GC System from Water Damage</h3>Implementing a few key tips can help protect your GC system from water damage. Here are some of the important recommendations:<ul><li>Keep injections small: Limit water injections to ≤0.2 µL to minimize backflash and protect the stationary phase.</li><li>Select the right liner: Use an appropriately sized inlet liner (e.g., 4.0 mm ID tapered or with a double gooseneck) to reduce backflash. A deactivated glass wool plug can promote rapid vaporization, though it may not be suitable for all analytes.</li><li>Reduce syringe carryover: Rinse syringes with a 50:50 methanol–water mixture between injections. In some methods, preparing samples with a small percentage of methanol can improve reproducibility and syringe performance.</li><li>Optimize solvent and injector conditions: Limit water injections to ≤0.2 µL to minimize backflash and protect the stationary phase.</li><li>Adjust carrier gas conditions: Ensure your <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/article/5538">gas chromatography injector setup</a> is correct to prevent water buildup. Combining water with a lower-expansion solvent (e.g., methanol) and maintaining an optimized injector temperature helps improve vaporization while limiting expansion.</li><li>Maintain a clean carrier gas supply: Replace gas cylinders before they are nearly empty to avoid backflow or moisture intrusion into the system While injecting water into a GC system is not simple and ideal, it can be managed safely with the right precautions. By choosing the appropriate stationary phase, following proper GC injector setup, and maintaining your instrument, you can conduct gas chromatography water analysis with confidence. For more information on GC hardware and maintenance, explore the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/resources/knowledge-center/gc-knowledge-center/understanding-the-essential-components-of-gas-chromatography">key parts of a GC instrument</a>.</li></ul>

Water Injections in GC: Is it Safe?

Article

Events

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Science and research

Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

Phenomenex

In 1936, the Laboratory Equipment Company introduced the first rapid carbon determinator for the American iron and steel industry.  Today, almost 80 years later, LECO is recognized globally as a leader in the development of high-quality analytical instrumentation, mass spectrometers, comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography, metallography & optical equipment as well as consumables.

LECO

Palacký University Olomouc (UP) is an internationally respected and scientifically and academically highly productive university in Central Europe. Founded 22 December 1573, it is the second-oldest university in the Czech Republic and the oldest one in Moravia. For 450 years it has contributed to the intellectual wealth of society and to its scientific, cultural, and social development.

Palacký University Olomouc

Separation Science

Agilent Technologies

Thermo Fisher Scientific

Wasson-ECE Instrumentation

Restek Corporation

Chromatography can be complicated. Sample preparation is important, but not always used correctly. This webinar will cover some unexpected problems and solutions to generate better data. We will cover topics including peak shape, ghost peaks, tailing peaks, split peaks, missing peaks, variable retention times, high backpressure, instrument contamination, and ion suppression.
We will go over strategies for cleaning up your sample, protecting your column and instrument from sample matrix contamination, and getting reliable, reproducible, and accurate results from your chromatography.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Alex Ucci (Application Engineer, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)
</blockquote>
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In his current position at Agilent, Alex provides application assistance and technical support for sample preparation products as well as GC and LC consumables. Before he joined Agilent in 2014, Alex was a graduate student at the Pennsylvania State University researching the morphology and surface properties of aerosol particles using a wide variety of analytical techniques. He has an MS degree in chemistry.
</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: Techniques for Avoiding Unexpected Problems in LC and GC Analysis

Techniques for Avoiding Unexpected Problems in LC and GC Analysis

Peak shape, ghost peaks, tailing peaks, split peaks, missing peaks, variable retention times, high backpressure, instrument contamination, and ion suppression.

Techniques for Avoiding Unexpected Problems in LC and GC

Webinars will cover the following Gas Chromatography topics:
<ul>
<li>6/27 - Vaporizers for LPG Samples</li>
<li>7/11 - Dynamic Blending for Linearity and LDL</li>
<li>7/18 - GC Valves: Purposes and Service</li>
<li>7/25 - Calibration Techniques for Accurate Data</li>
<li>8/1 - Sample Capture, Transport, and Introduction</li>
<li>8/8 - GC Detectors I: PDHID and SCD</li>
<li>8/15 - GC Autosamplers for Gas and LPG Samples</li>
<li>8/22 - GC Detectors II: The Strengths of Mass Spectrometry</li>
<li>8/29 - Methanizers for Trace CO &amp; CO2</li>
<li>9/5 - Training Program for GC Operators</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Presenter: John Wasson (President, Wasson-ECE Instrumentation, Inc.)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
John Wasson has over 40 years of experience in Gas Chromatography and Chemical Instrumentation.
</blockquote>

Wasson-ECE Instrumentation: Free GC Webinar Series

GC Autosamplers for Gas and LPG Samples

GC Detectors II: The Strengths of Mass Spectrometry

Methanizers for Trace CO & CO2

Training Program for GC Operators

Following up from our very successful previous sessions, we are delighted to offer another panel discussion in the ever popular “Ask the Agilent Experts” series.
Have you ever had a question about your GC/GCMS analysis and thought, “I have no idea what to do,” or that since the question seemed so simple, everyone must already know the answer and &quot;Am I the only one who doesn’t know what to do?” We can assure you that you are not alone. 
If you have a question, we can guarantee that you are not the first nor the last person to ask the question. Sometimes the simplest of questions can have the most complex answers. A question about the leaks on your mass spectrometer can lead to a discussion about selecting the proper filaments. A question about troubleshooting a bad injection can lead to a conversation about syringes, plungers, and even vial septa. There’s no such thing as an easy answer because the answer always &#39;depends&#39; on many different factors. 
We will discuss some of the most frequently asked questions about GC and GCMS that we have received, which may seem like simple questions, but they have anything but simple answers as well as new questions that we hope you will submit to us in advance with experts from Agilent as well as from the field.
By attending this presentation you will learn about:
<ul>
<li>Best practices with GC and GC/MS systems – from troubleshooting injections to how leaks can affect your mass spectrometer and why there is not always an easy answer to most GC(MS) questions
</li>
<li>Why different consumables are used for different applications - listen to Agilent scientists discuss the complexities of the most frequently asked questions they receive
</li>
<li>What backflush is and how to set it up
</li>
</ul>
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Presenter: Vanessa Abercrombie (MFS, GC Applications Chemist, Agilent Technologies)
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Vanessa has a broad background in GC and GC/MS, including experience as an instrument chemist at Bode Technology in Virginia working under contract to the FBI’s Laboratory Division. Prior to that, Vanessa worked for ETS Labs in St. Helena, California as an Analytical Chemist where she researched and developed quantitative separations by GC/MS and UHPLC for beer, wine, and spirits. She holds a Masters of Forensic Science from The George Washington University and a Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry from Sonoma State University.
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<blockquote>
Presenter: Samuel Haddad (Ph.D., Application Development Chemist, Agilent Technologies)
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<blockquote>
Samuel Haddad is a GC Application Development Chemist at Agilent Technologies in Wilmington, Delaware. Samuel specializes in GC and GCMS applications of trace analysis in environmental and heavy matrix samples. His specialty includes sample preparation techniques to separate analytes from matrix components and extraction from a wide variety of matrix including water, fish, aquatic life, soil, and complex fluids. Samuel holds a Ph.D. in Environmental Science from Baylor University and a B.S in Biology from Southern Illinois University Edwardsville.
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<blockquote>
Presenter: Diane Turner (Director &amp; Senior Consultant, Anthias Consulting Ltd)
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A Warwick University graduate, Diane completed her masters in Analytical Chemistry and started her career in environmental chemistry, later gaining significant experience as an Applications Chemist. Diane’s area of research through her PhD studies at The Open University was disease diagnosis. She has developed methods and given support and training for companies in most industries around the world for more than 20 years. Diane holds voluntary roles with The Royal Society of Chemistry and other scientific organizations.
</blockquote>

LabRulez/AI: Ask the Agilent Experts - Part 5: GC and GC/MS Scientists Discuss & Answer Your Most Frequently Questions

Ask the Agilent Experts - Part 5: GC and GC/MS Scientists Discuss & Answer Your Most Frequently Questions

Best practices with GC and GC/MS systems. Why different consumables are used for different applications. What backflush is and how to set it up...

GC and GC/MS Scientists Discuss & Answer Your Questions

Seeing everything, and as low as possible, with GC and MS is a function of selectivity and sensitivity: get as much as you can on column, and as best as you can, don&#39;t favor one set of compounds over another.
At some point a one microliter injection of a sample fails this criteria; what next? Concentration!
We will focus on how to concentrate analytes introduced via liquid, headspace, SPME, thermal desorption, and more, all using the latest advancements in a Peltier cooled, valveless, and simple to understand dynamic focusing system for your GC.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Kurt Thaxton (International Product Manager, Gerstel)
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Kurt Thaxton is an International Product Manager for GERSTEL, a German manufacturer of thermal desorption, pyrolysis, and other means of sample preparation and sample introduction for GC- and LC-MS.
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For over twenty years, Kurt has been a user of thermal desorption and pyrolysis as a research scientist at International Paper and later as a Product Specialist for Varian Inc. Later Kurt became involved in both the commercial and technical aspects of these techniques at Markes International and now GERSTEL.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Kurt also serves actively in different capacities at SAE, ASTM, AIHA, and ISO. Kurt has an M.S. in Analytical Chemistry from The Ohio State University where he focused on using mass spectrometry to solve analytical problems; MS remains a central interest and focus of Kurt&#39;s work today.
</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: New Advances in Pre-Concentration for GC-MS: Seeing More and Lower

New Advances in Pre-Concentration for GC-MS: Seeing More and Lower

How to concentrate analytes introduced via liquid, headspace, SPME, thermal desorption, and more, all using the latest advancements in a Peltier.

New Advances in Pre-Concentration for GC-MS

Do you experience at some point deviations in your gas chromatography? Wondering why your chromatogram doesn’t look the same, the peak shape begins to appear a bit different? Do you invest your time in trying to figure the root cause of the issue in order to solve it?
Please join this webinar to discuss some of the most common chromatographic issues that you experience with Gas Chromatography and take a logical approach to finding the root cause and correcting the problem. We are going to highlight some common problems with examples and share some troubleshooting tips. 
In this free webinar, we will discuss:
<ul>
<li>Some of the most common chromatographic issues that you experience with Gas Chromatography
</li>
<li>Logical approach to finding the root cause and 
</li>
<li>Some simple tools to help correcting the problem
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Dr. Anshu Kumari Singh (Technical Support Manager, Agilent Technologies)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Dr. Anshu Kumari Singh is the Technical Support Manager for India in the Chemistries and Supplies Division. She has more than 20 years of experience in this industry. She is leading a team of highly qualified Individuals responsible for providing technical support to customers. She provides support to customers on queries related to applications, products and troubleshooting for GC and LC columns and Supplies. She also conducts workshops, trainings and seminars for the customers helping them in understanding the chemistry behind GC &amp; HPLC columns and Sample Preparation Products. Dr. Anshu holds a Doctorate degree from Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi and is based out of Delhi.
</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: The Chromatography Detective: GC Troubleshooting Tips

The Chromatography Detective: GC Troubleshooting Tips

Most common chromatographic issues that you experience with Gas Chromatography and take a logical approach to finding the root cause and correcting the problem.

In the world of GC, helium is the long standing “go to” carrier gas for most GC applications, but the variable price and uncertain supply over recent years is driving laboratories to consider alternatives such as hydrogen.
But when transitioning to hydrogen carrier gas what is the impact on method performance and what about the safety concerns? In this webinar, our GC&amp;GC-MS experts Daniela Cavagnino and Adam Ladak will answer these questions, including how your helium consumption can be significantly reduced if moving to hydrogen is just not an option. This webinar is your opportunity to get real world solutions to this challenge and to learn more.
We want to hear from you - Please send us your questions in advance during registration or anytime via email to analyze.eu@thermofisher.com. This will allow the team to group incoming questions under common topics. 
You will also be able to submit questions during the live session, through the Q&amp;A chat function. If we don’t get to your question during the webinar, we will reach out to you afterwards. We look forward to some great engagement and to enable you to be fully up to speed with regards carrier gas alternatives.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Daniela Cavagnino (Product Marketing Manager GC&amp;GC-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Adam Ladak (Global Product Marketing Manager GC Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
</blockquote>

Thermo Scientific: Is it time to consider an alternative GC carrier gas?

Is it time to consider an alternative GC carrier gas?

How your helium consumption can be significantly reduced if moving to hydrogen is just not an option.

The air space between soil particles can be filled with a variety of gasses. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated soil or groundwater can diffuse into the soil gas.
Unlike in the atmosphere, soil gas cannot quickly diffuse out, resulting in potentially higher VOC concentrations than in ambient air. Further, groundwater flow can spread soil gas contamination over a large area, and soil gas migration can lead to vapor intrusion into buildings, exposing occupants to VOCs and related health hazards. 
This webinar will provide an overview of soil gas collection and analysis, including sampling techniques (e.g., canisters and thermal desorption tubes) and vapor intrusion testing basic strategies.
These topics will be presented on: 
<ul>
<li>Learn about soil gas and vapor intrusion monitoring.
</li>
<li>Understand the different techniques used for analysis.
</li>
<li>Learn how to collect and analyze these types of samples.
</li>
</ul>

Restek: Soil Gas and Vapor Intrusion Sampling

Soil Gas and Vapor Intrusion Sampling

Overview of soil gas collection and analysis, including sampling techniques and vapor intrusion testing basic strategies.

GCMS webinars focusing on GC - page 15