Interlaboratory comparisons (ILCs) have been used for more than a century and many important concepts are linked to them. This leaflet addresses the basic terminology of ILCs, why some colloquial terms can be misleading or misunderstood, and the importance of harmonisation.&nbsp;An ‘ILC’ is the organisation, performance and evaluation of measurements or tests on the same or similar items by two or more laboratories in accordance with predetermined conditions [1]. ILCs have a variety of overall – and detailed – objectives, the three most common [2] being:<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eurachem_Let_s_call_a_PT_scheme_a_PT_scheme_3_9993b9fb0f.jpg" alt="Eurachem: Let’s call a PT scheme a PT scheme" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eurachem_Let_s_call_a_PT_scheme_a_PT_scheme_3_9993b9fb0f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1516" height="472"><h4>Some comparisons have special names&nbsp;</h4>The evaluation of participant (laboratory, organisation or individual) performance is typically referred to as ‘proficiency testing’ (PT) or ‘external quality assessment’ [1]. When the main objective is evaluating the performance of, for example, a candidate standard method, the ILC is often called a ‘method performance study’ or a ‘collaborative study’ [2, 3]. The former is quite clear whereas wording such as “collaborative” and “cooperative” just stresses joint effort. A project aimed at producing a new certified reference material may involve several laboratories conducting analyses on agreed properties [4]. Not surprisingly, this work is sometimes labelled as a ‘material certification study’. Special ILCs used to demonstrate measurement capabilities of National Metrology Institutes are called ‘key comparisons’, ‘supplementary comparisons’, and ‘pilot studies’ [5].&nbsp;<h4>Some terms can be confusing&nbsp;</h4>Other terms for ILCs, including ‘ring test’, ‘round robin’ and ‘circle analysis’, are common in the literature. They have, however, been used for different objectives and different designs and may be ambiguous or understood differently by laboratory staff. The use of these terms may, for example, imply a specific way of distributing the ILC sample. ISO/IEC 17043 uses ‘sequential scheme’, for a PT where a unique item is transferred between the participants and ‘simultaneous scheme’, in which similar items from a batch are distributed simultaneously to the participants [1].&nbsp;Terms like ‘measurement audit’, ‘interlaboratory testing scheme’, ‘measurement comparison scheme’, ‘rapid performance evaluation scheme’ and ‘intercalibration’ may not correctly reflect the category of laboratory involved, or the type of work participants do during the ILC.&nbsp;When in 1994 the IUPAC defined and described three major types of ‘interlaboratory studies’, the word ‘study’ was preferred to synonyms such as ‘trial’, ‘exercise’, ‘test’, ‘evaluation’ or ‘check’ [2].<h4>Let’s try to harmonise&nbsp;</h4>Many laboratory staff are unaware of official terms related to ILCs but recognise the acronym PT and words like ‘ring test’. Ideally, we would use a common scientific language, but harmonisation is time consuming. Terms appear and disappear and definitions change. The same term can be defined differently, even in different international standards. Lack of standards and guidelines in local languages can cause confusion and contribute to spreading of less appropriate terms.&nbsp;<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eurachem_Let_s_call_a_PT_scheme_a_PT_scheme_2_820043ce8b.jpg" alt="Eurachem: Let’s call a PT scheme a PT scheme" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eurachem_Let_s_call_a_PT_scheme_a_PT_scheme_2_820043ce8b.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1006" height="671">Much confusion can be avoided by clear reference to relevant standards and sectoral guides. ISO/ IEC 17043 [1] and ISO 13528 [6] contain many important concepts related to PT schemes and other ILCs. Some of these are also incorporated into ISO/IEC 17025 [7]. Additional useful, and free, tools are the Eurachem PT Guide [8] and the ISO online browsing platform [9].&nbsp;In writing guidance and instructions, remember that the term ‘interlaboratory comparison’ has a broad meaning and can be used for all cases described above. Sometimes this is clear enough for the reader. In other cases, use acknowledged terms that reflect the detailed objective of the ILC. Let’s call a PT scheme a PT scheme!

Let’s call a PT scheme a PT scheme!

The countdown is on for one of the world’s leading conferences dedicated to food analysis. The 12th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Food Analysis (RAFA 2026), taking place in Prague from 3–6 November 2026, is approaching two important milestones: the Early Bird registration deadline and the deadline for oral abstract submissions, both ending on 30 June 2026. Researchers, analysts, industry professionals, regulators, and students are encouraged to secure their participation at a reduced registration rate and take advantage of the opportunity to present their latest scientific results to the international food analysis community.RAFA 2026 will once again bring together leading experts from academia, industry, and regulatory organizations to discuss the latest developments in food safety, authenticity, contaminants, non-target screening, PFAS, microplastics, food contact materials, artificial intelligence, and advanced analytical technologies. The preliminary program already features an outstanding lineup of internationally recognized speakers addressing some of the most pressing challenges in modern food analysis and food safety.<h3>Registration</h3><blockquote>👉<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://rafa.easyevent.eu/tickets/">Register to attend RAFA 2026!</a>Early-bird registration until 30 June, 2026</blockquote>After successful submission of your registration, you will receive by e-mail (i) an automatic confirmation of receipt indicating the total amount of payment due (either for bank transfer or for on-line payment by card), (ii) login to Member section where you can administrate your profile, submit your abstracts, and from September 2026 register for satellite events, workshops and seminars. If it will not be delivered within a few minutes after submission of your registration please contact us at RAFA2026@vscht.cz.As soon as payment of registration fee is processed, you will also receive by e-mail (iii) confirmation of payment.<h4>Registration Fees</h4><ul><li>Smart rate (Until 30 June, 2026): € 655</li><li>Regular registration (Until 30 September, 2026): € 855</li><li>Late registration (From 1 October, 2026): € 955</li><li>Student rate*&nbsp;<ul><li>Until 30 June, 2026: € 465</li><li>From 1 July, 2026: € 605</li></ul></li></ul>* The proof of student status (e.g. copy of a student identify card) is requested as an attachment of the registration form.<h5>The regular registration fee will include:</h5><ul><li>Attendance at all scientific sessions, workshops, seminars, vendor seminars and other satellite events</li><li>Access to the poster and exhibition area</li><li>Conference kit (name badge, conference bag, conference documents, certificate of participation, certificate of presentation on request)</li><li>Final programme</li><li>E-Book of Abstracts</li><li>Coffee breaks</li><li>Buffet luncheons</li><li>Welcome drink</li></ul>In the registration form you can register free of charge for the welcome drink and you can also order ticket(s) for the conference dinner (€ 85).Please note that your registration is firm when your payment has been received.<h3>Abstract submission</h3><blockquote>👉<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://rafa.easyevent.eu/tickets/">Submit your ABSTRACT HERE!</a>In order to submit an abstract, you must first register to attend RAFA 2026. After registration you will receive an access to the Member section where you can submit your abstract(s).</blockquote>&nbsp;After successful submission of your abstract you will receive an automatic confirmation of receipt of submitted abstract via e-mail. If it will not be delivered within a few minutes after submission of your abstract please check at first your spam box-mail and then contact us at RAFA2026@vscht.cz.Please ensure that your abstract does not contain spelling, grammatical or scientific errors. Even though modifications of your submitted abstract will be allowed in the Abstract section of the Member section until the deadline for the abstract submission, please be confident on the lack of errors in your final version prior to starting the submission process.The abstract will be reproduced exactly as submitted. No proofreading will be done, although some corrections may be requested by the reviewers.If you need to withdraw your abstract, a written statement reflecting the reasons for this decision must be sent to RAFA2026@vscht.cz no later than September 30, 2026.<h4>Important notice:</h4><blockquote>1 registered participant can submit no more than 2 abstracts.</blockquote>To apply for a young scientist’s oral presentation, as an indication please respect the rule that you should be born in 1991 or later.The text of the abstract should be limited to 3000 characters including spaces. Tables and pictures are not allowed.Abstracts of oral presentations and posters will be included into the "e-Book of Abstracts" only after receipt of the conference registration fee. Any payment of the registration fee has to be received until September 30, 2026, otherwise contribution(s) will not be included into the e-Book of Abstracts and the Conference programme.<h3>Program</h3><h4>Invited Speakers</h4><h5>Food allergen risk assessment: Past, present, future</h5><ul><li>Ben Remington from Remington Consulting Group B.V., Utrecht, the Netherlands &amp; University of Nebraska, USA</li></ul>Food allergy and allergen management are global public health issues, and consumer protection depends on transparent and trustworthy labelling. While 30 years of scientific advances show that low level exposures, or reference doses, are unlikely to trigger reactions in most allergic individuals, harmonized and globally aligned regulations are still needed to promote consistent allergen risk assessment and labelling decisions. This presentation will discuss the landscape of allergen risk assessment, global policy developments, current research and future needs in the area.<h5>Unmasking hidden adulteration in honey: Strategies for detecting and characterizing honeys produced from sugar-fed colonies</h5><ul><li>Oscar Nuñez Burcio from University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</li></ul>From hive to jar, not all honey tells the same story. This presentation addresses hidden adulteration associated with sugar-fed bee colonies, highlighting implications for authenticity, production practices, and the need for a more precise characterization of honey to ensure consumer trust.<h5>Analytical and toxicological methods for safety of food contact materials</h5><ul><li>Erich Leitner from Graz University of Technology, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz, Austria</li></ul>Food packaging plays a critical role in protecting and preserving food throughout the supply chain. All packaging materials intended to come into contact with food must comply with strict EU safety rules. Due to increased complexity of packaging solutions, lowering legal limits and increasing numbers of target compounds, we also have to adapt the strategies used to verify and guarantee the safety of these materials.<h5>Data-driven strategies to reduce complexity in non-target HRMS analysis of food samples</h5><ul><li>Anneli Kruve from Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</li></ul>LC/HRMS based non-target screening can detect hundreds to thousands of chemical features in complex food and environmental samples. Investigating all of these in detail is practically impossible, so which ones to focus on? Novel computational tools developed in computational mass spectrometry allow predicting the toxicity and concentration of the detected chemical features even if these have not yet been fully structurally elucidated. Combining these predictions enables us to focus on the chemical features possessing high risk.<h5>Role of AI in the identification of emerging food systems risks</h5><ul><li>Ákos Bernard Jóźwiak from Syreon Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary</li></ul>AI-assisted evidence synthesis – spanning curated scientific evidence, exposome data, and network analysis – is the backbone of next-generation emerging chemical food safety risk identification, enabling earlier signals and more resilient surveillance systems.<h5>Challenges of microplastics analysis in the context of food safety</h5><ul><li>Dorte Herzke from Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway</li></ul>Food and food packaging are major sources of micro- and nanoplastic exposure. Plastics used in processing, storage, and packaging can release particles through heat, abrasion, and degradation. Small particles below 2 µm may cross gut barriers and carry chemicals, highlighting the need for robust and sensitive measurement methods.<h5>Never-ending analytical challenges in PFAS analysis of food</h5><ul><li>Darina Dvořáková from University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia</li></ul>Exploring and monitoring PFAS in food requires advanced strategies. Combining targeted, suspect, and non-target HRMS analysis, determination of total fluorine and sum parameters, and novel sensors provides new insights into PFAS occurrence and supports food safety monitoring.<h5>An overview of the latest scientific knowledge on process contaminants in food for appropriate risk management measures</h5><ul><li>Thierry Delatour from Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.</li></ul>Recent scientific findings related to acrylamide and furans formation, occurrence and analytical methods in food provide important insights for risk management.

Deadline for RAFA 2026 Early Registration and Oral Abstract Submission is approaching

Traditional EI library searching works exceptionally well when the unknown compound is already present in the spectral library. However, analytical chemists frequently encounter compounds that are structurally related to library entries but are not exact matches. NIST's EI Hybrid Search addresses this challenge by combining conventional spectral matching with mass-shifted fragment alignment, allowing the identification of analogs, derivatives, and novel compounds that may not exist in the database.This guide summarizes the workflow presented by James Little and demonstrates how to use NIST 26 Hybrid Search in conjunction with the Chromatogram Window and MS Interpreter to obtain more meaningful structural information from unknown EI GC-MS spectra.<blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/33370">You can download PDF Handout for this guide HERE</a></blockquote><h4>Why Hybrid Search Matters</h4>Conventional EI library searching relies on direct matching between an unknown spectrum and spectra stored in a library. Hybrid Search expands this concept by allowing fragment ions to be matched even when they are shifted by a consistent mass difference (Δm). This enables the software to recognize compounds that differ by substituents or structural modifications.Key advantages include:<ul><li>Identification of structurally related compounds not present in the library</li><li>Detection of analogs, derivatives, and emerging compounds</li><li>Integration of exact fragment matches and mass-shifted matches into a single score</li><li>Improved interpretation of unknowns through proposed structural modifications</li><li>Enhanced confidence when molecular weight information is available</li></ul>Although Hybrid Search does not require the molecular ion to be present, performance improves significantly when the molecular weight can be estimated or constrained. In these cases, the observed mass difference between the unknown and library compounds can often be translated directly into a plausible chemical modification.<h4>Configuring Hybrid Search</h4>Before performing a search, the Hybrid Search settings should be configured within the NIST Library Search window.Recommended settings:<ul><li>Select the Similarity search mode</li><li>Enable Hybrid Search</li><li>Keep the In Spectrum option checked under normal circumstances</li><li>Allow the software to estimate the molecular weight automatically</li><li>If the estimated molecular weight appears incorrect, manually enter a nominal molecular weight</li><li>Select all relevant libraries (NIST, Wiley, user libraries, etc.)</li><li>Save the configuration for future use</li></ul>The selected molecular weight used to constrain the search is displayed in the lower-right corner after the search is completed.<h4>Optimizing the Results Display</h4>Hybrid Search produces several unique parameters that are not shown in the default results table.Additional columns should be added by right-clicking within the results table and selecting Properties. Recommended columns include:<ul><li>DeltaMass</li><li>dForm</li><li>pctRelForm</li><li>o.Match (equivalent to the traditional EI Normal Match score)</li></ul>Without these parameters, much of the structural interpretation power of Hybrid Search is lost.<h4>Working with Spectra from the Chromatogram Window</h4>Currently, the Chromatogram Window performs standard EI library searching. When a potentially interesting unknown is encountered:<ul><li>Perform the normal EI search in the Chromatogram Window</li><li>Send the spectrum to the standalone Library Search module</li><li>Perform a Hybrid Search using the enhanced Hybrid Search functionality</li></ul>This workflow combines rapid screening with advanced structural interpretation.<h4>Understanding Key Hybrid Search Parameters</h4><h5>DeltaMass (Δm)</h5>DeltaMass represents the mass difference between the unknown compound and the matched library compound.A consistent Δm across multiple high-scoring hits often indicates a specific structural modification.<h5>dForm</h5>dForm provides a proposed elemental composition that explains the observed mass difference.Examples include:<ul><li>H–1F</li><li>CH₂</li><li>O–1</li><li>C₁H₃F</li></ul>These transformations can suggest likely chemical modifications between the library compound and the unknown.<h5>pctRelForm</h5>New in NIST 26, pctRelForm estimates how frequently a given elemental transformation occurs relative to the most common transformation (CH₂ = 100%).Interpretation:<ul><li>High values indicate chemically plausible and commonly observed transformations</li><li>Very low values suggest the proposed transformation may be accidental or unlikely</li></ul><h5>o.Match</h5>Represents the traditional EI match score and allows comparison between standard searching and Hybrid Search results.<h4>Case Study: Identifying a Fluorinated Unknown</h4>The presentation demonstrates the identification of an unknown compound with a proposed molecular weight of 152 Da.Hybrid Search returned several high-scoring hits with consistent evidence suggesting fluorine substitution:Hit #1<ul><li>Library MW: 134</li><li>DeltaMass: +18</li><li>dForm: H–1F</li><li>Interpretation: Addition of fluorine</li></ul>Hit #5<ul><li>Library MW: 138</li><li>DeltaMass: +14</li><li>dForm: CH₂</li><li>Interpretation: Related fluorinated analog</li></ul>Hit #6<ul><li>Library MW: 168</li><li>DeltaMass: –16</li><li>dForm: O–1</li><li>Interpretation: Structurally consistent fluorinated compound</li></ul>Multiple independent hits converged on the same conclusion: the unknown was likely a fluorinated analog of known aromatic compounds.This illustrates the major strength of Hybrid Search: identifying structural relationships even when the exact compound is absent from the library.<h4>Moving from Hybrid Search to Structural Interpretation</h4>Once a plausible structure is identified:<h5>Step 1 – Export the Structure</h5>From the Hybrid Search results:<ul><li>Right-click the best hit</li><li>Use Send To → Default Structure Editor</li><li>Open the structure in a drawing program such as ChemSketch</li><li>Copy the proposed structure to the clipboard</li></ul><h5>Step 2 – Open MS Interpreter</h5>Within MS Interpreter:<ul><li>Paste the proposed structure</li><li>Load the unknown spectrum</li><li>Compare predicted fragmentation with observed ions</li><li>Evaluate isotope patterns and fragment assignments</li></ul><h5>Step 3 – Validate the Proposal</h5>Indicators of a good structural proposal include:<ul><li>Consistent isotope ratios</li><li>Logical fragmentation pathways</li><li>Agreement between observed and predicted fragment ions</li><li>Multiple Hybrid Search hits supporting the same structural modification</li></ul>In the example presented, MS Interpreter showed excellent agreement between the proposed fluorinated structure and the observed EI spectrum, although the exact positions of the fluorine and methyl substituents on the aromatic ring could not be definitively assigned.<h4>Best Practices</h4><ul><li>Always review DeltaMass, dForm, and pctRelForm together</li><li>Do not rely solely on the highest match score</li><li>Give greater weight to transformations supported by multiple independent hits</li><li>Use molecular weight information whenever possible</li><li>Confirm structural hypotheses using MS Interpreter</li><li>Consider Hybrid Search as a structure-elucidation tool rather than simply a library search tool</li></ul><h4>Conclusion</h4>NIST 26 Hybrid Search significantly extends the capabilities of conventional EI library searching by identifying structural relationships between unknown compounds and library entries. Through the use of DeltaMass calculations, elemental transformation analysis (dForm), and statistical plausibility metrics (pctRelForm), Hybrid Search provides valuable clues for elucidating compounds that are absent from spectral libraries.When combined with MS Interpreter, it becomes a powerful workflow for the characterization of unknowns, analogs, degradation products, metabolites, and emerging compounds in EI GC-MS analysis.

Lib Search: Similarity EI Hybrid Search for Spectra Sent from Chromatogram Window

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RAFA provides an overview of contemporary trends in ANALYTICAL & BIOANALYTICAL STRATEGIES IN FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY CONTROL and discusses CHALLENGES / NOVEL APPROACHES IN FOOD AND NATURAL PRODUCTS ANALYSIS.

Recent Advances in Food Analysis (RAFA)

Eurachem is a European network promoting international traceability of chemical measurements and good analytical practice. It provides expert guidance, supports method validation, uncertainty evaluation, proficiency testing, and facilitates discussion on technical and policy issues in analytical quality.

Eurachem

My main interest is the identification of organic compounds by mass spectrometry in organic mixtures.

James Little/Mass Spec Interpretation Services

LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS

Compact GC-TOFMS delivering full mass range data in every run, high sensitivity, NonTarget Deconvolution® and StayClean® EI source for reliable non-target and routine GC-MS analysis.

The Pegasus BT GC-TOFMS is a compact, high-performance benchtop gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometer designed to deliver comprehensive chemical information with exceptional sensitivity, speed, and reliability. It combines advanced TOF mass spectrometry hardware with LECO’s powerful <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/41">ChromaTOF® software</a> to support both routine and advanced analytical workflows.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_Pegasus_BT_2_bc8a8d0505.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_Pegasus_BT_2_bc8a8d0505.jpg 238w," sizes="100vw" width="932" height="612">Designed for laboratories that need to analyze more samples, generate more data, and achieve results faster, the Pegasus BT acquires full-range mass spectral data in every run—ensuring that no analytes are missed, even in highly complex matrices. Industry-leading sensitivity, combined with NonTarget Deconvolution® (NTD®), enables confident identification and quantification of both known and unknown compounds by effectively separating co-eluting peaks and minimizing matrix interferences.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_7_be16be31ec.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS: NonTarget Deconvolution® (NTD®) Automated deconvolution ensures that coeluting peaks and matrix interferences don't hinder your analyses.StayClean Ion Source Open-style EI source virtually eliminates downtime associated with source cleaning*, which means you can spend your time running more samples. *Even after 3,000 sludge injections, source has not needed cleaning." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_7_be16be31ec.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="768" height="432">The system features LECO’s proven StayClean® open-style EI ion source, which virtually eliminates downtime associated with source cleaning and allows extended operation even with challenging sample matrices. Its compact benchtop footprint makes the Pegasus BT an ideal solution for laboratories with limited space, without compromising analytical performance.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_6_047f81e642.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS: " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_6_047f81e642.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="616" height="375">Fully integrated ChromaTOF® software provides automated deconvolution, quantification, reporting, batch processing, and long-term data mining. The Pegasus BT GC-TOFMS is ideally suited for pesticide analysis, metabolomics, petroleum and fuel characterization, food, flavor, and fragrance analysis, and other demanding GC-MS applications.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_2_cc1a963b9e.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS: ChromaTOF® software" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_2_cc1a963b9e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="943" height="566"><h3>Key Features</h3><ul><li>Benchtop GC-TOFMS with full-range mass spectral acquisition in every analysis</li><li>Industry-leading sensitivity for trace-level detection</li><li>NonTarget Deconvolution® (NTD®) for reliable separation of co-eluting compounds and suppression of matrix interferences</li><li>StayClean® open-style EI ion source for minimal maintenance and reduced downtime</li><li>High sample throughput with excellent repeatability</li><li>Compact footprint with uncompromised analytical performance</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_5fd6d4a332.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_5fd6d4a332.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1220" height="591"><h3>Applications</h3><ul><li>Pesticides and environmental contaminants</li><li>Petroleum products, fuels, and fuel marker analysis</li><li>Metabolomics and non-target screening</li><li>Food, flavor, and fragrance analysis</li><li>Characterization of complex matrices and unknown identification</li></ul><h5>&nbsp;Calibration curve in strawberry matrix: Cyprodinil</h5><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_3_6a4f0ecc50.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS: The calibration curve at left shows excellent linearity, and sensitivity easily meets all standard requirements." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_3_6a4f0ecc50.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="871" height="480"><h5>Characterization of fuel markers at trace levels is easy and routine</h5><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_4_33217d7f2e.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS: Full TIC chromatogram of a spiked commercial diesel sample." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_4_33217d7f2e.jpg 237w," sizes="100vw" width="742" height="489">

LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GC×GC-TOFMS

LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GC×GC-TOFMS combines comprehensive two-dimensional GC with fast TOFMS to improve separation, sensitivity, and confidence in qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex samples.

The LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GC×GC-TOFMS is a high-performance benchtop system that combines comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) to deliver unmatched separation power, sensitivity, and confidence in compound identification. Designed for laboratories facing highly complex samples, the PEGASUS BT 4D enables qualitative and quantitative analysis in a single run while maximizing productivity and data quality.By coupling GC×GC separation with fast TOFMS acquisition, the system dramatically increases chromatographic peak capacity and resolves co-eluting compounds that are difficult or impossible to distinguish by conventional 1D GC-MS. Enhanced signal-to-noise ratios translate into lower detection limits, improved linearity, and more reliable quantification—even in challenging matrices.<h3>What GC×GC Brings to Your Analysis</h3>GC×GC modulation refocuses and reinjects analytes from the first column into a second column with a different stationary phase, providing structured chromatograms that improve interpretability of complex data. This approach improves both separation efficiency and interpretability of results, allowing you to identify more compounds with greater confidence and consistency.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_c9ad0bd186.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GC×GC-TOFMS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_c9ad0bd186.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1029" height="594"><h3>Confident Identification and Quantification</h3>The PEGASUS BT 4D excels in both comprehensive screening and targeted applications. Spectral deconvolution combined with high-speed TOFMS acquisition reveals analytes present in complex matrices, while GC×GC separation minimizes matrix interferences for superior quantitative performance. What was once a marginal library match in GC-MS becomes a confident identification in GC×GC-TOFMS.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_2_4e033e866c.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GC×GC-TOFMS: Quantitative analysis using the Pegasus BT 4D" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_2_4e033e866c.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1443" height="637"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_3_18eebd600d.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GC×GC-TOFMS: Qualitative analysis using the Pegasus BT 4D" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_3_18eebd600d.jpg 210w," sizes="100vw" width="1442" height="1069"><h3>Robust Design for High-Throughput Labs</h3>Equipped with LECO’s proven StayClean® ion source, the PEGASUS BT 4D minimizes routine maintenance and downtime, even when analyzing dirty or complex samples. Integrated with ChromaTOF® software, the system provides seamless instrument control, automated data processing, and powerful qualitative and quantitative tools within a single platform.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_c2644cd38e.jpg" alt="LECO - PEGASUS BT 4D GCxGC-TOFMS.jpg" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_c2644cd38e.jpg 202w," sizes="100vw" width="1099" height="849"><h3>Key Benefits</h3><ul><li>Exceptional chromatographic resolution and peak capacity with GC×GC</li><li>Enhanced sensitivity and lower detection limits through modulation-based signal focusing</li><li>High-speed TOFMS acquisition for accurate deconvolution of narrow GC×GC peaks</li><li>Reliable identification and quantification of analytes</li><li>Reduced maintenance with the StayClean® ion source</li><li>Fully integrated ChromaTOF® software for acquisition, processing, and reporting</li></ul><h3>Applications</h3>The LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GC×GC-TOFMS is ideally suited for demanding applications across environmental analysis, petrochemical and energy research, food and flavor/fragrance analysis, forensics, life sciences, and metabolomics—anywhere complex mixtures require maximum separation power and analytical confidence.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_4_8e8ec115ec.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GCxGC-TOFMS: Excellent Sensitivity" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_4_8e8ec115ec.jpg 244w," sizes="100vw" width="974" height="625">With the PEGASUS BT 4D, you can predict, quantify, and identify more compounds with confidence, turning complex data into clear, actionable results.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_5_625fed2f0d.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GCxGC-TOFMS: Identify MORE with confidence/non-target analysis" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_5_625fed2f0d.jpg 240w," sizes="100vw" width="1034" height="672">

LECO Pegasus GC-HRT+

Ultra-high-resolution GC-TOFMS with up to 50,000 FWHM, <1 ppm mass accuracy, and 200 spectra/s. Pegasus GC-HRT+ delivers unmatched sensitivity and confident identification in complex samples.

Now with even higher sensitivity, the Pegasus GC-HRT+ is designed to meet the most demanding analytical challenges. This high-performance GC-TOFMS delivers industry-leading mass accuracy, full-range acquisition at exceptional speed, precise isotopic abundance, and ultra-high mass resolution—all within a single injection.Folded Flight Path (FFP) technology combined with a novel data acquisition system enables up to 50,000 FWHM resolution, &lt;1 ppm mass accuracy, and acquisition rates up to 200 spectra/s, supporting rich analyte discovery and high-confidence identification in highly complex samples.<h3>Key features</h3><ul><li>Mass accuracy ≤1 ppm with peak capacity at least 2× higher than conventional MS platforms</li><li>Encoded Frequent Pushing (EFP) for markedly increased sensitivity, expanded dynamic range, and wide mass range</li><li>Folded Flight Path (FFP) technology for ultra-high resolution, enhanced sensitivity, and advanced TOF focusing</li><li>KADAS® ion-statistics-based acquisition to reduce noise, ensure mass accuracy, and minimize file size</li><li>Ultra High Resolution + HRD to resolve highly isobaric ions (mass differences ~0.02 amu)</li><li>Multi-Mode Source (MMS): EI, Positive CI, and ECNI in one system</li></ul><h3>Models</h3><ul><li>Pegasus GC-HRT+ – Full-scale GC-TOFMS</li></ul><h3>Options</h3><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/82">L-PAL3 Automated Sample Injector</a></li></ul>

LECO Pegasus GC-HRT+ 4D

High-resolution GC×GC-TOFMS system combining extreme separation power, up to 200 spectra/s acquisition, and advanced HR deconvolution for confident identification of unknowns in complex samples.

The Pegasus GC-HRT+ 4D from LECO combines comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) and advanced High-Resolution Deconvolution (HRD). Designed for the most complex sample matrices, the system enables detection, separation, and confident identification of more analytes than ever before. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/41">ChromaTOF® software</a>, purpose-built for HRT+ instrumentation and GC×GC workflows, integrates advanced qualitative and quantitative tools into a single, user-friendly data system.<h3>Key Features</h3><ul><li>Compact benchtop design that saves valuable laboratory space</li><li>Industry-leading sensitivity with proprietary deconvolution algorithms for clean, high-quality spectra</li><li>High acquisition speed up to 200 spectra/s to properly define ultra-narrow GC×GC peaks (&lt;200 ms)</li><li>Complete historical mass-spectral record retained for future data mining and reprocessing</li><li>Proven Pegasus reliability and durability in a modern, space-efficient format</li></ul><h3>GC×GC Performance Explained</h3>GC×GC achieves exceptionally high peak capacity by trapping compounds eluting from the first column and reinjecting them into a second column for rapid secondary separation. These second-dimension separations occur within seconds, producing extremely narrow peaks that demand very high spectral acquisition rates. The Pegasus GC-HRT+ 4D meets and exceeds this requirement, enabling robust spectral deconvolution and confident compound identification in highly complex samples.<h3>Available Configurations</h3><ul><li>Pegasus GC-HRT+ 4D with Liquid Nitrogen Thermal Modulator</li><li>Pegasus GC-HRT+ 4D with Cryogen-Free Modulator</li></ul><h3>Optional Accessories</h3><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/82">L-PAL3 Autosampler</a></li></ul>

LECO ChromaTOF Software

ChromaTOF is LECO’s advanced GC and GC×GC analytical software, offering fully integrated instrument control, powerful deconvolution, and high-end qualitative and quantitative analysis for TOFMS data.

ChromaTOF is proprietary analytical software developed by LECO specifically for GC-TOFMS and GC×GC-TOFMS workflows. It is purpose-built to handle the extremely large datasets generated by time-of-flight mass spectrometers and to fully support multidimensional chromatography (GC×GC) in a single, integrated data system.ChromaTOF provides seamless instrument and accessory control, highly integrated qualitative and quantitative data processing, and an intuitive user interface. It was the first mass spectrometry data system to natively accommodate GC×GC data and remains a reference platform for advanced GC and GC×GC analysis.<h3>What Makes ChromaTOF Unique</h3><ul><li>Automatic saving of all data processing steps directly within the file system</li><li>Integrated storage and management of metadata and instrument data</li><li>All standard features included in a single software package</li><li>Built-in control for compatible options, activated only when needed</li><li>Easy-to-use yet powerful, efficient, and robust environment</li><li>Frequent updates for maintenance improvements and new functionality</li></ul>ChromaTOF combines advanced qualitative and quantitative capabilities in one user-friendly platform and supports both <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products?category=21&amp;manufacturerItems=24&amp;search=bt">Pegasus BT</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/38">Pegasus GC-HRT</a> instrument families.<h3>What Can ChromaTOF Do</h3><ul><li>Automatic tuning with report generation</li><li>Absolute quantitation using calibration curves</li><li>Relative quantitation based on reference or analyte curves</li><li>Quantitation using single-channel detectors (FID)</li><li>Importable workspace templates to speed up setup</li><li>Spectral deconvolution with library searches (NIST, Wiley, or user libraries)</li><li>Semi-quantitative analysis of non-calibrated compounds</li><li>Integrated control of LECO and Agilent sample handling systems</li><li>Automatic export to CSV, ANDI MS, NETCDF, or LECO formats</li><li>Compatibility with liquid nitrogen and consumable-free <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/44">GC×GC thermal modulators</a></li><li>GC×GC classification and method development tools</li><li>Integrated GC control</li><li>Unknown-unknown discovery using ChemSpider</li><li>Advanced calculation tools:<ul><li>Monoisotopic mass from molecular formula</li><li>Formula generation from measured mass</li><li>Required mass resolution for separating close masses</li></ul></li></ul>Licensing options: 90-day free trial, 1-year subscription, or perpetual license.<h3>Exclusive Features for Pegasus High-Resolution Models</h3><ul><li>Automated unknown identification using High-Resolution Deconvolution</li><li>Automatic fragment formula generation with mass accuracy reporting</li><li>Accurate <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/application::paper.paper/SEP_SCI_ACCURATE_MASS_LIBRARY_209-272.pdf">Mass Spectral Libraries</a> with AML Rank similarity scoring</li><li>User-scalable mass defect plots (e.g., Kendrick mass defect)</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/application::paper.paper/SPECTRAL_ANALYSIS_TOOL_SAT_209-262.pdf">Optional Spectral Analysis Tool</a> with Van Krevelen and CN vs. RDBE plots</li></ul><h3>Features for Pegasus Benchtop Models</h3><ul><li>Automated unknown identification using Non-Target Deconvolution</li><li>Full profile mass spectra acquisition at 35 kHz with better-than-nominal resolution</li></ul>

LECO GCxGC FLUX flow modulator

Flux GC×GC flow modulator simplifies GC×GC analysis using diverting flow principles. It offers robust, cost-effective modulation without cryogens, ideal for complex, concentrated samples.

Our innovative Flux GC×GC flow modulator was designed with one goal in mind—to make GC×GC more routine, accessible, and easier for you. The flow modulator's concept is based on the sound and easily understood principles first articulated by Seeley et al. on diverting flow. This extraordinarily simple design comprising of a cross shape and sideways T, is not only easy to setup and get started, but its ease-of-use makes it the most cost-effective option for GC×GC analysis.This flow-based modulator is perfect for those who want to perform robust GC×GC analysis, but who don't need the sensitivity of standard quad jet thermal modulation. Ideal samples should be complex, but relatively concentrated. Appropriate applications include petroleum and fragrance analyses such as the classic weathered crude oil example pictured below, which shows a GC×GC plot generated on our Pegasus® BT platform using the Flux flow modulator.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ee943ea0acb34a8d9c5b72e7ace10666/obrazek_l.webp" alt="LECO GCxGC FLUX flow modulator" width="957" height="523"><h4>Theory of Operation: Diverting Flow</h4>The first and secondary capillary columns are connected together through a simple tube with a fixed gap between the columns. A flow of gas (helium) is then used to inject into the second column or divert to waste. The precision timing and flows are all handled by our integrated software, therefore you just have to click one button to setup and begin performing flow modulation GC×GC on our Pegasus BT platform.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/508b477dd1604d15855f26d786d5b1e4/obrazek_l.webp" alt="LECO GCxGC FLUX flow modulator" width="1026" height="488">Furthermore, no complex spreadsheets are needed to understand your method. This simple and robust design does not require cryogens to carry out GC×GC, which saves time and boosts efficiency in your lab.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/6796d4581c894291b9fab0088753cb8b/obrazek_l.webp" alt="LECO GCxGC FLUX flow modulator" width="918" height="545">

LECO QUADJET Thermal Modulator

Consumable-free dual-stage thermal jet modulator for GC×GC delivering on-column cryo-focusing, higher peak detectability, superior separation, and reliable performance without liquid nitrogen.

The QUADJET Thermal Modulator from LECO delivers industry-leading performance for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC). Compared to alternative thermal or valve-based modulators, QUADJET stands out for its exceptional ruggedness, long-term reliability, and superior modulation efficiency.This GC×GC modulation system uses a dual-stage thermal jet modulator positioned between the first- and second-dimension columns. The design enables true on-column cryo-focusing, significantly enhancing peak sharpness, detectability, and separation power—especially for co-eluting compounds in complex sample matrices.<h3>Key benefits</h3><ul><li>Highest modulation performance for GC×GC Enhances peak detectability and improves separation of co-eluting compounds.</li><li>Dual-stage thermal jet design Provides efficient trapping and re-injection between columns.</li><li>On-column cryo-focusing Improves sensitivity and separation of closely eluting analytes.</li><li>Exceptional robustness and reliability Designed for routine, long-term GC×GC operation.</li></ul><h3>Thermal modulation without liquid nitrogen</h3>Unlike traditional cryogenic modulators, the QUADJET thermal modulator is consumable-free. It delivers the full performance benefits of thermal modulation without the need for liquid nitrogen, eliminating cryogen costs, logistical complexity, and downtime—while maintaining consistent, high-quality results.The QUADJET Thermal Modulator is an ideal choice for laboratories seeking maximum GC×GC performance with minimal operational burden, particularly in demanding applications involving highly complex samples.

Products from LECO - page 2

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