<p><strong>Concerns about injecting water into a GC system largely come from older column designs, where stationary phases were simply coated and could be affected by water exposure. Modern capillary columns are typically chemically bonded, which improves resistance to water injections and even supports water rinsing in many cases.</strong></p><p>One practical exception involves <strong>very polar polyethylene glycol </strong>(PEG / “wax”) phases. Because these phases strongly interact with water, repeated aqueous injections can allow water to accumulate and gradually shift selectivity. For many PEG-based columns, minimizing frequent water injections helps maintain consistent performance.</p><p>A separate—and often more important—issue is water’s<strong> very large vapor expansion in a hot inlet</strong>. If the vapor volume exceeds the inlet liner capacity, backflash can occur, sending sample vapor into cooler, unheated zones and increasing the risk of carryover. Using smaller injection volumes helps reduce this risk.</p><p>In workflows where water is the<strong> sample matrix </strong>(for example, volatile analysis), analytes may elute at relatively low oven temperatures while water and higher-boiling residues can linger. Periodic bake-off (high-temperature cleanup steps) is commonly used to restore column performance when water remains on the phase at low temperatures.</p><p>In summary, the biggest hesitation about water injections is rooted in legacy, coated column stories. With chemically bonded phases, the key considerations tend to be inlet expansion/backflash behavior, water retention on very polar phases, and routine maintenance practices like bake-out.</p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1571"><strong>Zebron ZB-WAX</strong><i><strong>PLUS</strong></i><strong> GC Columns</strong></a></h4><ul><li>100% aqueous stable, excellent for aqueous samples; bonded and solvent rinseable</li><li>Extremely inert for acidic compounds</li><li>Enhanced selectivity for low boiling solvents; high retention of alcohols and chlorinated solvents</li><li>Increased efficiency at 20&nbsp;°C</li></ul></blockquote>

Water in GC: Safe or Risky? Here’s What You Need to Know

<p><strong>🎤 Presenter:</strong> <strong>Paul-Albert Schneide </strong>(University of Copenhagen)</p><p>💾 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/32780"><strong>PDF presentation</strong></a></p><h3><strong>Abstract</strong></h3><p><strong>Tensor decomposition methods such as PARAFAC and PARAFAC2 have been proposed for resolving co-elutions, and extracting purified spectra in two-dimensional chromatography datasets. However, the application of these methods is usually restricted to local regions-of-interest (ROIs). Therefore, additional pre-processing steps, are required and processing multiple samples at once can be difficult due to retention time shifts (e.g., it is difficult to define a ROI that captures the same analyse signal in multiple samples).</strong></p><p>This work presents an application of fast, shift-invariant tensor decomposition, which was used for the decomposition of full-scale GCxGC-VUV datasets. The results show that chemical groups can be resolved, which are non-separable with conventional, template-based approaches, such as aliphates and olefines, Furthermore, the extracted peak areas are in good agreement with the quantitative results of the reference methods (e.g., bromine number for olefines).</p><h2><strong>Video Transcription</strong></h2><h3><strong>Background and Motivation</strong></h3><p>The project originated from a collaboration initiated by Alexandra Alvich from IFPEN, who approached Prof. Rasmus Bro’s research group at the University of Copenhagen for help analyzing a GC×GC-VUV dataset acquired during her PhD research. The work was then continued by Paul-Albert Schneider and Jesper Henri from the Technical University of Denmark.</p><p>The primary objective was to develop a simpler and less manually intensive approach for petrochemical group quantification while maintaining strong quantitative performance and spectral interpretability.</p><p>According to Schneider, the proposed method is based on two key principles:</p><ul><li>Simple implementation with a minimal number of tuning parameters</li><li>Accurate estimation of peak patterns, VUV spectra, and peak areas</li></ul><p>The workflow specifically targets group-level petrochemical analysis rather than individual compound identification.</p><h3><strong>Data Analysis Workflow</strong></h3><p>The presented workflow begins with a collection of GC×GC-VUV measurements. In this study, the researchers analyzed:</p><ul><li>14 gas oil samples</li><li>24 total measurements, including replicates</li><li>Samples processed using different treatment methods</li></ul><p>Initial preprocessing was performed using a dedicated plug-in module developed during Alexandra Alvich’s PhD work. The preprocessing included:</p><ul><li>Signal smoothing</li><li>Downsampling</li><li>Basic data conditioning</li></ul><p>The processed data were then submitted to the decomposition engine developed by the Copenhagen research group. The decomposition produced:</p><ul><li>Resolved VUV spectra</li><li>GC×GC chromatographic landscapes</li><li>Peak areas or peak volumes</li></ul><p>An in-house spectral library from IFPEN was subsequently used to verify that the extracted spectra corresponded to known petrochemical groups, enabling group-level quantitative analysis.</p><p>Importantly, the workflow currently requires only a single major tuning parameter: the number of components used in the decomposition model. The researchers also noted ongoing efforts to automate this selection step.</p><h3><strong>Comparison with Existing Template-Based Methods</strong></h3><p>The study benchmarked the new approach against Alexandra Alvich’s previously developed template-based quantification method.</p><p>In the template-based workflow:</p><ul><li>Elution regions are predefined using a grid structure</li><li>Peak intensities within those regions are summed</li><li>Quantitative estimates are obtained for specific petrochemical classes</li></ul><p>Although the template-based strategy demonstrated strong performance compared with other analytical techniques, Schneider highlighted several limitations:</p><ul><li>Sensitivity to retention time shifts</li><li>Manual adjustment of integration regions</li><li>Dependence on prior knowledge of coeluting compounds</li></ul><p>The new decomposition-based method was designed to reduce manual intervention and improve robustness against chromatographic variability.</p><h3><strong>Shift-Invariant Trilinear Decomposition</strong></h3><p>The proposed workflow is conceptually related to PARAFAC and multivariate curve resolution methods.</p><p>One important advantage of GC×GC-VUV data is the applicability of the Beer–Lambert law, which enables mathematically structured decomposition approaches.</p><p>The researchers evaluated two possible strategies:</p><ol><li>Decomposing each sample individually</li><li>Decomposing all samples simultaneously after concatenation into one large dataset</li></ol><p>The second strategy became the central focus of the work. Multiple samples were concatenated into a large matrix and factorized to extract shared chemical information across all measurements simultaneously.</p><p>Unlike many conventional GC×GC deconvolution pipelines, the workflow does not rely on a prior region-of-interest detection step. Instead, the entire dataset is decomposed directly.</p><h3><strong>Addressing Retention Time Shifts</strong></h3><p>A critical challenge for PARAFAC-type models is the assumption of strict trilinearity. In GC×GC datasets, however, second-dimension retention time shifts caused by temperature programming violate this assumption.</p><p>Schneider demonstrated how standard one-component PARAFAC models fail to properly model shifted peaks, leaving characteristic residual patterns. When fitting additional components, conventional models often allocate extra components to describing peak shifts instead of resolving true coeluting compounds.</p><p>The shift-invariant model solves this issue by explicitly accounting for chromatographic shifts. As a result:</p><ul><li>Large shifted peaks are modeled correctly</li><li>Residuals are minimized</li><li>Small coeluting peaks become resolvable</li></ul><p>The algorithm uses fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based operations internally to correct for chromatographic shifts efficiently.</p><p>According to the presentation, the approach is also significantly faster than PARAFAC2, which is commonly used for shifted datasets.</p><p>The researchers additionally described extensions of the model that can accommodate:</p><ul><li>Retention time shifts</li><li>Peak shape variations</li><li>Additional flexibility without losing uniqueness properties</li></ul><h3><strong>Quantitative Results</strong></h3><p>The team applied a seven-component model to the complete dataset containing 24 GC×GC-VUV measurements.</p><p>The decomposition extracted seven characteristic VUV spectra, which were compared against the IFPEN in-house spectral library. The extracted spectra matched known petrochemical group signatures very well.</p><p>The resolved components included:</p><ul><li>Two monoaromatic components</li><li>Two diaromatic components</li><li>Additional petrochemical group patterns</li></ul><p>For quantitative evaluation, chemically related components were grouped together.</p><h4><strong>Reproducibility</strong></h4><p>Replicate measurements demonstrated strong quantitative reproducibility:</p><ul><li>Relative standard deviations below 10%</li><li>Consistent peak area estimation across petrochemical groups</li></ul><h4><strong>Comparison with the Template-Based Approach</strong></h4><p>The decomposition workflow showed good agreement with the existing template-based quantification strategy, with monoaromatics representing the main discrepancy requiring further investigation.</p><p>Schneider explained that the differences were likely related to relative response factor scaling used in the template-based method but not yet implemented in the decomposition workflow at the time of the presentation.</p><h4><strong>Future Development</strong></h4><p>The researchers outlined several next steps for the project:</p><ul><li>Running models on individual samples to achieve higher resolution</li><li>Resolving sulfur-containing compounds</li><li>Extracting more sample-specific differences</li><li>Automating component number selection</li><li>Investigating deviations in monoaromatic quantification</li><li>Integrating the workflow into an open-source software project</li></ul><p>The team also expressed interest in future collaboration with other researchers working on related GC×GC data analysis workflows.</p><h3><strong>Conclusion</strong></h3><p>The presented shift-invariant trilinear decomposition workflow demonstrated promising performance for automated petrochemical group analysis in GC×GC-VUV datasets. By combining robust mathematical modeling with minimal manual intervention, the method offers a simplified alternative to traditional template-based approaches while maintaining strong quantitative agreement and spectral interpretability.</p><p>The work highlights the growing role of advanced multivariate data analysis strategies in comprehensive chromatography and demonstrates how shift-aware decomposition methods can significantly improve the analysis of highly complex petrochemical datasets.</p><blockquote><p><strong>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</strong></p></blockquote>

One-shot tensor decomposition of full-scale GC×GC-VUV datasets for resolving petrochemical groups (Paul-Albert Schneide, MDCW 2026)

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 11th May 2026? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application note by<strong> Shimadzu, </strong>poster by <strong>MDCW / William &amp; Mary</strong> and brochure by <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. MDCW / William &amp; Mary: Optimizing Solvent Selection and Data Reduction Workflows for GC×GC Fire Debris Analysis</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/P_14_O_Brien_63304669ee.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><section><div><div><div><div><div><div><h5><strong>What are Ignitable Liquid Residues (ILRs)?&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>Chemical remains of ignitable liquids (IL) (e.g., gasoline or diesel) that did not fully burn during a fire&nbsp;</li><li>ILRs are usually petroleum-based products and contain complex mixtures of volatile chemicals, like hydrocarbons&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>Forensic Analysis of ILRs&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>Collection of porous materials like wood from the fire’s point of origin&nbsp;</li><li>Must be stored in airtight containers to prevent volatile ILR from evaporation&nbsp;</li><li>Passive headspace extraction onto activate charcoal strips (ACS) is used to extract ILRs from debris, and dichloromethane (DCM) is used to extracts ILRs from charcoal strips&nbsp;</li><li>Emerging is the use of two-dimensional gas chromatography – time of fight - mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS), with higher separation and resolution</li><li>Resulting chromatograms presents a pattern of peaks which can be used to identified specific type of accelerant used&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>Chemometrics&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>The discipline that focuses on the application of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze chemical data and extract meaningful information (Bovens, 2019)&nbsp;</li><li>Helps make sense of large datasets from analytical instruments, find pattens, and classify samples</li></ul><h4><strong>Methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>Analytical Instrumentation&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>LECO corporation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1097"><strong>BTX4D GC×GC-TOFMS</strong></a> with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1289"><strong>Paradigm Shift reverse fill-flush (RFF) flow modulator</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>Software&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1873"><strong>ChromaTOF Sync 2D</strong></a> (LECO corporation)&nbsp;</li><li>R Statistical Software</li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusions</strong></h4><p>This study demonstrated that the use of chemometrics can be integrated into a data processing workflow to better understand data sets and create a streamlined process. Using UMAP, patterns identified that were not originally seen in PCA lead to the preferred solvents of ILR extraction being hexane and methanol. Since UMAP allowed visualization of local and global structures, groupings of gasoline samples allowed for better analysis of solvent effect.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Multiresidue Pesticides Analysis in Solvent Extract of Annatto (Natural Color Additive) Using </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-TQ8050+NX"><strong>GCMSTQ8050 NX</strong></a></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_06_sip_gc_043_en_95576a9ac4.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>User Benefits</strong></h5><ul><li>&nbsp;Accurate and reproducible trace level quantitation of pesticides in highly pigmented complex matrix using Ultra-fast GCMSTQ8050 NX and QuEChERS extraction</li><li>Single-laboratory partial validated method for LOQ determination meeting regulatory guidelines</li><li>Ease of instrumental method optimization using GCMS Smart Pesticides Database Ver.2 from Shimadzu Corporation</li></ul><p>Annatto is an orange-red condiment and food colorant derived from the seeds of the achiote tree (Bixa Orellana) (Fig. 1). It is often used to impart a yellow to red-orange color to foods, but sometimes also for its flavor and aroma. Similar effects can be obtained by extracting some of the color and flavor principles from the seeds, which are then added to the food. Annatto and its extracts are now widely used in an artisanal or industrial scale as a coloring agent in many processed food products, such as cheeses, butter, baked goods, potatoes, snack foods, breakfast cereals, smoked fish etc. In these uses, Annatto is a natural alternative to synthetic food coloring compounds.&nbsp;</p><p>Owing to its large culinary uses and other diverse applications, use of chemical pesticides for its production in large quantities is imperative. Dye extraction process may result in concentration of pesticides and in turn contribute to adverse impact on human health when incorporated in various preparations. Hence quantitation of residual pesticides in Annatto extract becomes very important. As the oleoresin is a complex matrix, it is required to develop a rugged, sensitive and efficient method for extraction of residual pesticide and its analysis.&nbsp;</p><p>This study reports a highly sensitive method for simultaneous quantification of multiple pesticides in highly pigmented complex matrix of Annatto using modified QuEChERS[1] with triple quadrupole gas chromatography (GC-MS/MS) system.</p><h4><strong>Materials and Methods</strong></h4><p>For this study, customized reference standard mixture of most commonly observed pesticides in Annatto seeds was procured from Restek Corporation.</p><p>The calibration standards were analyzed from 0.5 to 1000 μg/L. Linearity was plotted by external standard method and using weighted regression of 1/C2. Sample was spiked at 3 levels i.e., 10, 25 and 100 μg/kg. Recovery samples were prepared in 6 replicates at each level. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-TQ8050+NX"><strong>GCMS-TQ8050 NX</strong></a> (Fig. 2), manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation Japan, was used for quantitation. LabSolutions InsightTM was used for data processing, which helped in evaluating validation parameters with ease.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>This study shows that the modified QuEChERS method combined with GC-MS/MS system is a reliable and efficient tool to quantify residual pesticides in Annatto extract sample. Although Annatto extract is a highly pigmented complex matrix, the modified QuEChERS method significantly reduces interference. Also, extremely sensitive Shimadzu GC-MS/MS allows trace level detection even after multifold dilution of sample. This helps in reducing contamination and enhancing ruggednessresulting in reproducible detection of analytes.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Sentinel PRO 710 environmental mass spectrometer Precise real time gas analyzer for toxic volatile organic compounds</strong></h3><ul><li>Product specification</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/sentinel_pro_710_spec_sheet_en_886523bfc2.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=Sentinel+PRO"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Sentinel PRO Environmental Mass Spectrometer </strong></a>is a highly reliable and versatile gas analyzer ideal for reporting the presence of toxic VOCs from fugitive emissions in industrial settings to ensure worker safety.</p><h4><strong>Fugitive emissions of toxic VOCs&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Wherever there is potential danger for fugitive emissions of toxic organic vapors from a chemical production unit, regulating authorities often require plants to keep records of ambient vapor concentrations to protect workers from exposure. Various forms of capture include evacuated vessels, organic vapor monitors, or purge and trap devices, all of which require samples to be sent for analysis. Alternatively, electrochemical sensors or open path FT-IR spectroscopy can provide more immediate results. However, none of these technologies are capable of providing the spatial and temporal resolution required to qualify as actionable information.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Analytical platform&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The primary feature of the Sentinel PRO mass spectrometer is the magnetic sector analyzer. This field-proven technology has demonstrated the strongest performance for industrial on-line gas analysis. Magnetic sector technology offers precision, accuracy, long intervals between calibrations. The new touchscreen interface further enhances usability, providing intuitive in-person operation, simplified maintenance, and real-time data viewing. Multi-role user permissions ensure security and control allowing operators to customize settings based on their specific needs.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Comprehensive data collection&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>With speed and precision, the Sentinel PRO analyzer monitors all the critical areas for short-term exposure levels of toxic VOCs, and also provides accurate and time-weighted average exposure data. With a high number of sample points available, many can be located close to potential leak points such as valve stems, etc., enabling leak detection and correction before any toxic hazard is created.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Membrane inlet mass spectrometry&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The analyzer is fitted with a membrane inlet to reduce the pressure of the sample air from atmospheric to the working pressure of the enclosed ion source. This allows a method of sample introduction that greatly enhances the system’s sensitivity to VOCs. Since the membrane is more permeable to VOCs than to major air gases, it provides enrichment by several orders of magnitude, enabling detection as low as 5 ppb (species dependent) permits easy membrane replacement during annual routine maintenance to minimize downtime and increase productivity.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></section>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 20, 2026

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The Multidimensional Chromatography (MDC) Workshop draws experts in this exciting field to share and discuss their research.

The Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop

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Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

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Watrex SYRINGE FILTERS

Syringe filters (filters for syringes) are a universal tool that ensures sample purity and prevents contamination of analytical instruments.

<p><strong>Syringe filters (filters for syringes) are a universal tool that ensures sample purity and prevents contamination of analytical instruments. They are single-use filters used for precise filtration of liquids before their application or analysis.</strong></p><p><strong>Pore Size: </strong>Filters come in various pore sizes, ranging from 0.2 μm to 5 μm, depending on the required level of filtration. Smaller pores (e.g., 0.22 μm) are often used for sterilizing solutions, as they capture bacteria and other microorganisms.</p><p>We offer syringe filters in the following sizes: <strong>4 mm, 13 mm, 25 mm, and 30 mm</strong>, all available with pore sizes of <strong>0.22 μm and 0.45 μm</strong>.</p><p><strong>Filter Material:</strong> Syringe filters are made from different materials that are compatible with various sample types. It is important to select the correct filter material based on the chemical composition of the sample. We offer syringe filters made from the following materials:</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_SYRINGE_FILTRY_b6ffda00e2.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex SYRINGE FILTERS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Watrex_SYRINGE_FILTRY_b6ffda00e2.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1808" height="1017"></p><h4><strong>Nylon</strong></h4><ul><li>Suitable for <strong>aqueous solutions</strong> and most <strong>organic solvents</strong>.</li><li>It has strong <strong>mechanical stability</strong> and excellent chemical compatibility with <strong>esters, bases, phenols, and alcohols.</strong></li></ul><h4><strong>PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)</strong></h4><ul><li>Chemically resistant to most <strong>organic solvents</strong>.</li><li>It has very broad chemical and thermal compatibility.</li><li>PTFE filters are recommended for <strong>strong acids and bases</strong> and are excellent for filtration and degassing chromatography.</li></ul><h4><strong>PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride)</strong></h4><ul><li>Suitable for <strong>biological samples</strong>.</li><li>It has good <strong>chemical resistance</strong> and low UV absorption.</li><li>Commonly used for filtering all water-based samples and most solvents.</li></ul><h4><strong>PES (Polyester)</strong></h4><ul><li>Ideal for <strong>water-based samples</strong>, especially <strong>biological ones</strong>, with a fast and high flow rate.</li></ul><h4><strong>MCE (Mixed Cellulose Esters)</strong></h4><ul><li>Ideal for <strong>aqueous samples</strong>, <strong>tissue cultures</strong>, and <strong>sensitive biological samples</strong>.</li><li>It has lower chemical resistance, excellent water flow, and a better cutoff effect.</li></ul><h4><strong>PP (Polypropylene)</strong></h4><ul><li>Ideal for filtering all water-based samples and most solvents.</li><li>Used for general <strong>filtration of biological samples</strong>, <strong>solvents</strong>, <strong>deionized water</strong>, and reducing biological load.</li><li>It has good thermal compatibility.</li></ul><h5><strong>Examples of Use:</strong></h5><ol><li><strong>Sterilization of solutions: </strong>Filtration can remove bacteria and other microorganisms from solutions.</li><li><strong>Sample purification: </strong>Samples are filtered before analysis to remove solid particles that could contaminate analytical instruments or affect analysis results.</li><li><strong>Preparation for chromatography:</strong> Filtration before entering devices like HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) to ensure sample purity.</li></ol><p><strong>You can also visit the full range of syringe filters on the </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?s=syringe+filters&amp;post_type=product&amp;dgwt_wcas=1?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty"><strong>Watrex website</strong></a><strong>.</strong></p>

Watrex VICI Consumables for HPLC/GC

As an authorized distributor of VICI, we provide a wide range of high-quality chromatography consumables that meet the most demanding requirements for precision and reliability.

<p><strong>As an authorized distributor of VICI, we provide a wide range of high-quality chromatography consumables that meet the most demanding requirements for precision and reliability.</strong></p><p>Our offer includes <strong>injection valves, adapters, tubing, filters, columns</strong> and other products that optimize the performance of your HPLC systems. Thanks to our close cooperation with partners, we guarantee the latest technology and expert advice.</p><p>Explore our range using the <strong>catalogs from</strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_VICI_V_ddafed74a8.pdf"><strong> VICI Valco</strong></a><strong> and </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_VICI_J_c72f706329.pdf"><strong>VICI Jour</strong></a> and do not hesitate to contact us for a non-binding quote at watrex@watrex.com or visit our website <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/cs/uvod/?utm_source=labrulez">www.watrex.com</a>.</p><h3>VICI Valco Instuments</h3><p>For over 50 years, VICI Valco Instruments Co. Inc. has been the leading designer and manufacturer of standard and custom valves and fittings for precision analytical, biomedical, and biocompatible instrumentation.</p><h4>The offer includes, for example:</h4><ul><li><strong>Injectors and valves</strong></li><li><strong>Fittings</strong></li><li><strong>Detectors</strong></li><li><strong>Valve actuation and accessories</strong></li></ul><p>Vici Valco product line also includes a wide range of related products such as pneumatic and electric actuators, tubing and sampling loops, heated enclosures, valve sequence and temperature controllers, gas purifiers, GC detectors, and digital interfaces.</p><h3>VICI Jour</h3><p>VICI Jour offer the complete Jour line of accessories and consumables for fluid transfer in HPLC and LC.</p><h4>The offer includes, for example:</h4><ul><li><strong>Tubing (PEEK, F-polymeric, stainless steel)</strong></li><li><strong>Fittings (high pressure and low pressure)</strong></li><li><strong>Filters (high pressure and low pressure) and frits</strong></li><li><strong>Safety products</strong></li><li><strong>PEEK columns and guard columns</strong></li><li><strong>Tools and LC accessories</strong></li></ul><p>Jour products include a complete line of tubing and capillaries in a wide variety of diameters and materials, high and low pressure fingertight fittings and connection accessories, column hardware, high and low pressure filters, cutters and other tools, solvent saver, safey caps, waste caps, backpressure regulators, and much more.</p>

Phenomenex Zebron PLUS GC Inlet Liners

GC liners Zebron PLUS with unique deactivation ensure high inertness for trace and active compound analysis.

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>Protect and Increase the Lifetime of Your GC Column</strong></p><h4><strong>Why Use Pre-Packed Liners?</strong></h4><p>Though the upfront cost of self-packing your liner may seem attractive, the time and headaches caused by resulting tailing or irreproducible peaks can be sizeable! Self-packed wool fibers commonly break during installation and any existing deactivation on the liner can also be scratched or damaged. Pre-packed Zebron PLUS liners undergo the deactivation process with the quartz wool already in place, which ensures that any active sites that form during packing are not exposed.</p><h4><strong>Deactivation Protects Your Samples</strong></h4><h5><strong>See the difference: Zebron PLUS vs. Traditional Deactivation</strong></h5><p>Zebron PLUS GC inlet liners undergo a unique deactivation process, resulting in a remarkably inert pathway that prevents sample adsorption and degradation for active compounds.</p><p><strong>A: Zebron PLUS Deactivation</strong></p><p>Every batch of Zebron PLUS liners is manufactured with a thick layer of vapor-deposited deactivation for the highest inertness. They are then tested for activity using both EPA Methods 8081 and 8270 to ensure the highest level of sample protection possible.</p><p><strong>B: Traditional Deactivation</strong></p><p>Traditionally, liners have only been passivated with thin deactivation layers – and sometimes have not at all – putting your analytes at risk of adsorption or degradation!</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_PLUS_vs_Traditional_Deactivation_5c8ce20af6.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron PLUS vs. Traditional Deactivation" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_PLUS_vs_Traditional_Deactivation_5c8ce20af6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="909" height="567"><br>&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Easy, Touch free Installation</strong></h4><ul><li>Remarkably inert GC inlet liners for superior sample protection</li><li>Easy to install, touchless packaging allows you to protect yourself from cuts or breakage</li><li>Eliminates contamination that may occur during the installation process</li></ul><p><strong>A: Pre-installed o-ring saves steps</strong></p><p><strong>B: Touchless installation prevents contamination</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Easy_Touch_free_Installation_of_Zebron_GC_Inlet_Liner_dd54ebc577.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Easy, Touch free Installation of Zebron GC Inlet Liner" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Easy_Touch_free_Installation_of_Zebron_GC_Inlet_Liner_dd54ebc577.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="907" height="573"></p><h4><strong>Liner Geometry Improves Performance</strong></h4><p>The geometry of a liner refers to the type and shape of a liner. Each geometry addresses a particular sample or injection type. use the chart below to determine the best geometry for your sample.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Liner_Geometry_Improves_Performance_9bd57c3c81.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Liner Geometry Improves Performance" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Liner_Geometry_Improves_Performance_9bd57c3c81.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1391" height="362"></p><h3><strong>Choose Your Liner</strong></h3><h4><strong data-start="74" data-end="123">For Agilent® or Thermo Scientific® GC Systems</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Direct Connect</strong> - Trace analysis, Splitless injections (4 x 78.5 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-0A50-01, AG2-0A50-05, AG2-0A50-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Single Taper</strong> - Pesticides (4 x 78.5 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-0A10-01, AG2-0A10-05, AG2-0A10-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Single Taper Z-Liner™</strong> - Semi-volatiles, Dirty samples (4 x 78.5 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-0A13-01, AG2-0A13-05, AG2-0A13-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Single Taper with Wool</strong> - Semi-volatiles (4 x 78.5 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-0A11-01, AG2-0A11-05, AG2-0A11-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Straight</strong> - Volatiles (4 x 78.5 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-0A00-01, AG2-0A00-05, AG2-0A00-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Straight Z-Liner™</strong> - Dirty samples, Volatiles, High initial oven temperatures (4 x 78.5 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-0A03-01, AG2-0A03-05, AG2-0A03-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Straight Single Baffle</strong> - Semi-volatiles, Pesticides (1.8 x 71 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-1F06-01, AG2-1F06-05, AG2-1F06-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>For PerkinElmer® GC Systems</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Single Taper </strong>- Pesticides (4 x 92 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-2A10-01, AG2-2A10-05, AG2-2A10-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Single Taper Z-Liner™</strong> - Semi-volatiles, Dirty samples (4 x 92 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-2A13-01, AG2-2A13-05, AG2-2A13-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Straight</strong> - Volatiles (4 x 92 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-2A00-01, AG2-2A00-05, AG2-2A00-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Straight Z-Liner™</strong> - Volatiles, Dirty samples (2 x 86.2 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-2E03-01, AG2-2E03-05, AG2-2E03-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Straight Z-Liner™</strong> - High initial oven temperatures (4 x 92 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-2A03-01, AG2-2A03-05, AG2-2A03-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>For Shimadzu® GC Systems</strong></h4><h5><strong>Shimadzu 17A GC Systems</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Single Taper Z-Liner™</strong> - Pesticides (3.4 x 95 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-3B13-01, AG2-3B13-05, AG2-3B13-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Straight Z-Liner™</strong> - Volatiles, Dirty samples, High initial oven temperatures (3.4 x 95 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-3B03-01, AG2-3B03-05, AG2-3B03-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li></ul><h5><strong>Shimadzu 2010 GC Systems&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Single Taper</strong> - Pesticides (3.4 x 95 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-4B10-01, AG2-4B10-05, AG2-4B10-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Single Taper Z-Liner™</strong> - Semi-volatiles, Dirty samples (3.4 x 95 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-4B13-01, AG2-4B13-05, AG2-4B13-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Straight</strong> - Volatiles (3.4 x 95 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-4B00-01, AG2-4B00-05, AG2-4B00-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Straight Z-Liner™</strong> - Volatiles, Dirty samples, High initial oven temperatures (3.4 x 95 mm) &nbsp;<ul><li>Part Nos: AG2-4B03-01, AG2-4B03-05, AG2-4B03-25 &nbsp;</li></ul></li></ul>

Phenomenex Strata C18-E Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)

Strata C18-E is a silica-based end-capped C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent.

<p><strong>Strong Hydrophobic Retention Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)</strong></p><p>Strata C18-E is a <strong>silica-based</strong> <strong>end-capped C18</strong> solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent that offers <strong>strong hydrophobic retention</strong> with negligible secondary polar interactions from active silanol groups. Strata C18-E can be best used for the <strong>extraction of hydrophobic</strong> or <strong>polar organic analytes</strong> from <strong>aqueous matrices</strong>. In addition, Strata SPE sorbents are manufactured with the highest purity and extensively tested to give clean extracts.</p><p>Strata C18-E is <strong>compatible</strong> with various formats, including <strong>C18 SPE cartridges</strong>. Our C18 SPE products are synonymous with quality, offering the highest purity and undergo rigorous testing to deliver consistently clean extracts for your analytical needs.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_C18_E_748c192b52.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Strata-C18-E" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_C18_E_748c192b52.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></p><ul><li><strong>Surface Area (m²/g)</strong>: 500, m²/g</li><li><strong>Separation Mode:</strong> Reversed Phase</li><li><strong>Pore Size:</strong> 70, 100</li><li><strong>Particle Size:</strong> 20, 55</li><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>Extraction of hydrophobic molecules</li></ul><h4><strong>Starting Method</strong></h4><h5><strong>Strata Reversed Phase</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Condition:</strong> 1 mL Methanol</li><li><strong>Equilibrate:</strong> 1 mL DI Water</li><li><strong>Load:</strong> Pretreated sample</li><li><strong>Wash</strong>: 1 mL 5% Methanol in DI Water, dry under vacuum for 2-5 min</li><li><strong>Elute:</strong> 1 mL Methanol</li></ul><p>Based on 100 mg/1 mL sorbent mass. The above is a convenient starting point for SPE method development, further optimization may be required to tailor the method for your specific extraction needs.</p>

Phenomenex Strata SCX Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)

A benzene sulfonic acid group is bonded to the surface of the silica particle, giving strong cation-exchange selectivity.

<p><strong>Ion-Exchange Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) Sorbent</strong></p><p>A benzene sulfonic acid group is bonded to the surface of the silica particle, giving strong cation-exchange selectivity.</p><ul><li>Extraction of 1 °, 2 °, and 3 amines</li></ul><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:791/384;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_SCX_SPE_f35df1035c.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata SCX" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_SCX_SPE_f35df1035c.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="791" height="384"></figure><ul><li><strong>Surface Area (m²/g)</strong>: -</li><li><strong>Separation Mode:</strong> Ion Exchange</li><li><strong>Particle Size:</strong> 55</li><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>Extraction of weakly basic compounds</li></ul><h4><strong>Starting Method</strong></h4><h5><strong>Strata SCX – Strong Cation-Exchange</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Condition:</strong> 1 mL Methanol</li><li><strong>Equilibrate:</strong> 1 mL Acidified Water</li><li><strong>Load:</strong> Pretreated sample (acidified)</li><li><strong>Wash 1</strong>: 1 mL 0.1N HCl in Water</li><li><strong>Wash 2</strong>: 1 mL 0.1N HCl in Methanol, dry under vacuum for 2-5 min</li><li><strong>Elute:</strong> 1 mL 5 % NH4OH in Methanol</li></ul><p>Based on 100 mg/1 mL sorbent mass. The above is a convenient starting point for SPE method development, further optimization may be required to tailor the method for your specific extraction needs.</p>

Phenomenex Strata NH2 Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)

This amino phase offers strong polar selectivity and hydrogen bonding under normal phase conditions or can be used as a weak anion-exchange sorbent.

<p><strong>Normal Phase Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)</strong></p><p>This amino phase offers strong polar selectivity and hydrogen bonding under <strong>normal phase conditions</strong> or can be used as a <strong>weak anion-exchange sorbent.</strong></p><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:500/150;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_nh2_a7c3599f55.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Strata-NH2" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_nh2_a7c3599f55.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></figure><ul><li><strong>Surface Area (m²/g)</strong>: -</li><li><strong>Separation Mode:</strong> Normal Phase</li><li><strong>Pore Size:</strong> 100</li><li><strong>Particle Size:</strong> 25, 55</li><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>Strong polar selectivity and hydrogen bonding under normal phase conditions or can be used as a weak anion-exchange sorbent</li></ul><h4><strong>Starting Method</strong></h4><h5><strong>Strata NH2 – Weak Anion-Exchange</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Condition:</strong> 1 mL Methanol</li><li><strong>Equilibrate:</strong> 1 mL Water, pH 6-7</li><li><strong>Load:</strong> Pretreated sample, pH 6-7</li><li><strong>Wash 1</strong>: 1 mL 25mM Ammonium Acetate Buffer, pH 6-7</li><li><strong>Wash 2</strong>: 1 mL Methanol, dry under vacuum for 2-5 min</li><li><strong>Elute Any Acid: </strong>1 mL 5% NH4OH in Methanol</li><li><strong>Elute Weak Acids: </strong>1 mL 5% Formic Acid in Methanol</li></ul><p>Based on 100 mg/1 mL sorbent mass. The above is a convenient starting point for SPE method development, further optimization may be required to tailor the method for your specific extraction needs.</p>

Phenomenex Strata SAX Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)

The quaternary amine group on this sorbent remains positively charged under all conditions, giving a strong anion-exchange mechanism of retention.

<p><strong>Ion-Exchange Solid Phase Extraction Sorbent (SPE)</strong></p><p>The quaternary amine group on this sorbent remains positively charged under all conditions, giving a strong anion-exchange mechanism of retention.</p><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:500/150;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_sax_470d923b27.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Strata-SAX" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_sax_470d923b27.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></figure><ul><li><strong>Surface Area (m²/g)</strong>: -</li><li><strong>Separation Mode:</strong> Ion Exchange</li><li><strong>Particle Size:</strong> 55</li><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>Extraction of weakly acidic compounds</li></ul><h4><strong>Starting Method</strong></h4><h5><strong>Strata SAX – Strong Anion-Exchange</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Condition:</strong> 1 mL Methanol</li><li><strong>Equilibrate:</strong> 1 mL DI Water</li><li><strong>Load:</strong> Pretreated sample, pH 6-7</li><li><strong>Wash 1</strong>: 1 mL 25mM Ammonium Acetate Buffer, pH 6-7</li><li><strong>Wash 2</strong>: 1 mL Methanol, dry under vacuum for 2-5 min</li><li><strong>Elute: </strong>1 mL 5% Formic Acid in Methanol</li></ul><p>Based on 100 mg/1 mL sorbent mass. The above is a convenient starting point for SPE method development, further optimization may be required to tailor the method for your specific extraction needs.</p>

Phenomenex Strata Screen-A Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)

Incorporates the hydrophobic selectivity of a C8 phase and strong anion-exchange for the extraction of acidic drugs from biological matrices.

<p><strong>Mixed-Mode Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) Sorbent</strong></p><p>Incorporates the hydrophobic selectivity of a C8 phase and strong anion-exchange for the extraction of acidic drugs from biological matrices.</p><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:500/150;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_Screen_A_f370bdfd48.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Strata Screen-A" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_Screen_A_f370bdfd48.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></figure><ul><li><strong>Surface Area (m²/g)</strong>: -</li><li><strong>Separation Mode:</strong> Multi-Mode</li><li><strong>Particle Size:</strong> 55</li><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>Extracts acidic drugs from biological matrices</li></ul><h4><strong>Starting Method</strong></h4><h5><strong>Strata Screen-A Strong Anion-Exchange</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Condition:</strong> 1 mL Methanol</li><li><strong>Equilibrate:</strong> 1 mL Water</li><li><strong>Load:</strong> Pretreated sample</li><li><strong>Wash 1</strong>: 1 mL 25mM Ammonium Acetate Buffer, pH 6-7</li><li><strong>Wash 2</strong>: 1 mL Methanol, dry under vacuum for 2-5 min</li><li><strong>Elute: </strong>1 mL 5% Formic Acid in Methanol</li></ul><p>Based on 100 mg/1 mL sorbent mass. The above is a convenient starting point for SPE method development, further optimization may be required to tailor the method for your specific extraction needs.</p>

Phenomenex Strata Screen-C Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)

Incorporates the hydrophobic selectivity of a C8 phase and strong cation exchange for the extraction of basic drugs from biological matrices.

<p><strong>Strong Cation-Exchange Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)</strong></p><p>Incorporates the hydrophobic selectivity of a C8 phase and strong cation exchange for the extraction of basic drugs from biological matrices.</p><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:500/150;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_Screen_C_b60bb2b7e4.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Strata Screen-C" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_Screen_C_b60bb2b7e4.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></figure><ul><li><strong>Surface Area (m²/g)</strong>: 500, m²/g, 500 m²/g</li><li><strong>Separation Mode:</strong> Multi-Mode</li><li><strong>Pore Size</strong>: 70</li><li><strong>Particle Size:</strong> 55</li><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>Extraction of basic drugs from biological matrixes</li></ul><h4><strong>Starting Method</strong></h4><h5><strong>Strata Screen-C Strong Cation-Exchange</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Condition:</strong> 1 mL Methanol</li><li><strong>Equilibrate:</strong> 1 mL Acidified Water</li><li><strong>Load:</strong> Pretreated sample (acidified)</li><li><strong>Wash 1</strong>: 1 mL 0.1N HCl in Water</li><li><strong>Wash 2</strong>: 1 mL 0.1N HCl in Methanol, dry under vacuum for 2-5 min</li><li><strong>Elute: </strong>1 mL 5 % NH<sub>4</sub>OH in Methanol</li></ul><p>Based on 100 mg/1 mL sorbent mass. The above is a convenient starting point for SPE method development, further optimization may be required to tailor the method for your specific extraction needs.</p>

Phenomenex Strata Screen-C GF Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)

Optimized for gravity flow, this sorbent offers hydrophobic selectivity from a C8 phase and strong cation-exchange properties for the extraction of basic drugs.

<p><strong>Strong Cation-Exchange Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)</strong></p><p>Optimized for gravity flow, this sorbent offers hydrophobic selectivity from a C8 phase and strong cation-exchange properties for the extraction of basic drugs from biological matrixes. Offers the selectivity of Screen-C in a gravity flow particle size for viscous samples.</p><h4><strong>Starting Method</strong></h4><h5><strong>Strata Screen-C GF Strong Cation-Exchange</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Condition:</strong> 1 mL Methanol</li><li><strong>Equilibrate:</strong> 1 mL Acidified Water</li><li><strong>Load:</strong> Pretreated sample (acidified)</li><li><strong>Wash 1</strong>: 1 mL 0.1N HCl in Water</li><li><strong>Wash 2</strong>: 1 mL 0.1N HCl in Methanol, dry under vacuum for 2-5 min</li><li><strong>Elute: </strong>1 mL 5 % NH<sub>4</sub>OH in Methanol</li></ul><p>Based on 100 mg/1 mL sorbent mass. The above is a convenient starting point for SPE method development, further optimization may be required to tailor the method for your specific extraction needs.</p>

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