EU Regulation 396/2005: Pesticide Residue Testing and the Critical Role of QuEChERS Evaporation in Food Safety

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 4th May 2026? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application note by<strong> Shimadzu, </strong>presentation by <strong>MDCW / JEOL</strong> and technical note by <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. MDCW / JEOL: Flow-Modulated GCxGC-QMS Analysis Without Splitting Off the GC Flow</strong></h3><ul><li>Presentation</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/O_16_Jensen_11e29d5022.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><section><div><div><div><div><div><div><p>This presentation by Kirk Jensen (JEOL USA) explores the feasibility of performing <strong>flow-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS)</strong> without splitting the GC flow, which is traditionally required to protect MS systems from high carrier gas flows. The core concept builds on GC×GC, where compounds are separated using a primary and secondary column connected via a modulator, significantly increasing separation power compared to one-dimensional GC. The presentation contrasts <strong>thermal modulation</strong> (offering sharper peaks and higher theoretical sensitivity but requiring cryogenic cooling) with <strong>flow modulation</strong>, which avoids cryogens, handles volatile analytes well, and is more flexible, but typically demands higher gas flows that standard MS systems cannot tolerate .</p><p>To address this limitation, the study utilizes the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=24&amp;search=JMS-Q1600GC"><strong>JEOL JMS-Q1600GC</strong></a><strong> UltraQuad quadrupole GC-MS system</strong>, which can accept unusually high carrier gas flows (up to ~20 mL/min), enabling direct coupling with a <strong>SepSolve INSIGHT flow modulator</strong> without splitting the effluent . The analytical setup includes dual GC columns (e.g., Zebron ZB-5MSplus for the first dimension and BPX50 for the second), high secondary flow rates (~25 mL/min), and electron ionization (EI) MS detection. Additional system components include optional FID detection, bleed line control, and ChromeSpace software for data processing . This configuration allows full analyte transfer into the MS, eliminating the need for flow splitting and potentially improving detection efficiency.</p><p>Experimental results demonstrate the applicability of this approach to complex mixtures, including a <strong>pesticide mixture containing over 200 compounds</strong> and real-world samples such as perfumes and fuels. The GC×GC-MS system produced detailed two-dimensional chromatograms with high spectral quality, enabling the correct identification of approximately 120 compounds despite relatively moderate spectral match factors . Comparisons at different flow rates (e.g., 25 vs. 50 mL/min) showed that spectral integrity and compound identification remain robust, indicating that higher flow operation does not significantly compromise MS performance.</p><p>In conclusion, the work demonstrates that <strong>flow-modulated GC×GC-QMS without flow splitting is feasible</strong>, provided that the MS system can tolerate high carrier gas flows. While further optimization is needed (e.g., column selection, inlet pressure, and separation conditions), the approach offers a practical alternative to thermal modulation by eliminating cryogens and simplifying operation. Future work will focus on improving sensitivity, optimizing separations, and exploring alternative carrier gases such as hydrogen to reduce costs and expand applicability</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis by Nexis GC-2030 Using ASTM D6730</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00863_en_eb633bc741.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>User Benefits</strong></h5><ul><li>Detailed compositional analysis of gasoline in accordance with ASTM D6730 is feasible using the Nexis GC-2030.&nbsp;</li><li>By employing PONAsolution, a PONA/DHA analysis software, laborious identification tasks can be reduced, and quantitation calculations and report generation can be performed automatically.</li></ul><p>ASTM D6730 specifies the analysis of hydrocarbons in gasoline and oxygenates such as ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) over a boiling point range up to 225 ̊C. Identification and quantification of individual compounds in gasoline are critically important for refinery process control and product quality assurance. In this application news, we report compositional analysis of gasoline conforming to ASTM D6730 using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Nexis+GC-2030"><strong>Nexis GC-2030 gas chromatograph</strong></a>. Gasoline typically comprises over 100 hydrocarbons, making identification tasks highly complex; however, PONAsolution, a PONA/DHA analysissoftware,simplifies this process.</p><h4><strong>PONAsolution</strong></h4><p>PONAsolution Ver.6 provides retention index libraries for each relevant standard (ASTM D6730, D6729, D5134, D6733). Identification of n-alkanes automatically corrects the retention times of the remaining several hundred components, thus streamlining the identification process. When only a specific retention region requires adjustment, the two-point identification function is useful (Fig. 1). In the two-point identification procedure, reference and sample chromatograms are compared while assigning corresponding peaks. First, click on an identified component mark in the reference data (Fig. 1, a), then click the matching sample peak (Fig. 1, b). Repeat this for a second pair of peaks. The retention times of components between these two anchor points are then automatically corrected.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>Compositional analysis of gasoline in accordance with ASTM D6730 was performed. The combination of SH PONA Tuning Column and SH-1 PONA main column enabled separation of compounds with closely spaced retention times. Moreover, use of PONAsolution software greatly simplifies complex identification tasks.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Fiber optic probes add flexibility to Raman chemical analysis</strong></h3><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/drx3_flex_tech_note_tn54708_bebb56b870.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy are non-destructive analytical techniques that rely on the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecular vibrations to provide information about the chemical composition and structure of a sample. Despite their similarities, there are some distinct differences between the two techniques. In principle, FTIR is based on the absorption of infrared radiation by molecules and measures changes in dipole moment during molecular vibrations. Raman spectroscopy, on the other hand, is based on the inelastic scattering of monochromatic light and measures changes in polarizability during molecular vibrations.&nbsp;</p><p>When applied to bulk chemical analysis, both FTIR and Raman spectroscopy can be used to analyze solids, liquids, and gases, but the nature of Raman spectroscopy lends some unique sampling advantages. Additionally, Raman often requires little to no sample preparation. Presented herein are application examples that highlight some of the sampling advantages of Raman spectroscopy. All the spectral data in this technical note were collected using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/2238"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ DXR3 Flex Raman Spectrometer</strong></a> equipped with a fiber optic probe. (Fiber optics are readily available for Raman spectroscopy because of the use of visible and NIR light and do not require the exotic materials associated with FTIR fiber optics.) Preliminary tests for all samples were carried out using both 532 nm and 785 nm excitations, and it was determined that the 785 nm laser set gave an overall better balance between fluorescence and Raman scattering efficiency.</p><h4><strong>Summary&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>In this technical note, the analyses of a variety of samples by Raman spectroscopy are demonstrated. All samples were analyzed without sample preparation.&nbsp;</p><ul><li>Precise and localized analysis at the focal point of the Raman-exciting laser allows sampling through glass bottles, blister packaging and plastic containers, which eliminates possible cross contamination and analyst exposure to hazardous materials. The contributions from the packaging and containers depend on the type of container material, the container thickness, and the materials’ chemical compositional complexity, but these contributions can be readily subtracted out when needed.&nbsp;</li><li>Water is a weak Raman scatterer. Raman therefore has reduced water sensitivity, making it a preferred technique for aqueous solution analysis over FTIR. As demonstrated in the analysis of an energy drink, the Raman bands from water can be subtracted from the spectrum of the aqueous solution, leading to the identification of the components of the solution.&nbsp;</li><li>Raman spectroscopy is well suited for the analysis of inorganic materials, especially in identifying the crystal phases and polymorphs, as demonstrated by the analyses of minerals and pigments in a painting.&nbsp;</li><li>Fiber optic probes provide flexibility and ease of maneuverability. This is particularly advantageous when analyzing samples that are difficult to access or manipulate, such as large containers, geological samples and paintings</li></ul><p>The DXR3 Flex has multiple sampling options available. A properly configured fiber-optic probe is arguably the most versatile accessory for the analysis of bulk solids and liquids. The advantages, both from those inherent to Raman spectroscopy and those resulting from the use of fiber optic probe, provide opportunities for a wide variety of different applications when using the DXR3 Flex Raman Spectrometer.</p>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 19, 2026

<p><strong>🎤Francis Femi Oloy</strong></p><p><strong>In this episode of Concentrating on Chromatography, David speaks with Francis Femi Oloy about using chromatography to uncover hidden pollutants in real-world water systems.</strong></p><p>Femi’s team analyzed polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in six major rivers in southwestern Nigeria — compounds that were banned decades ago but still persist in the environment. Using a workflow that many analytical labs will recognize — liquid–liquid extraction, cleanup, rotary evaporation, nitrogen blowdown, and GC-ECD detection — they quantified 25 PCB congeners at trace levels and linked the results to ecological and human health risk.</p><h4><strong>In this conversation, we cover:</strong></h4><ul><li>Why legacy pollutants like PCBs still show up today</li><li>Choosing GC-ECD vs LC-MS for halogenated compounds</li><li>Liquid–liquid extraction and matrix cleanup strategies</li><li>Why sample concentration is critical for dilute environmental samples</li><li>How rotovap + nitrogen blowdown work together without losing volatile analytes</li><li>Seasonal trends (why wet season levels were higher)</li><li>Translating concentration data into meaningful risk assessments</li></ul><h3><strong>Video Transcription</strong></h3><section><div><div><div><div><div><div><p><strong>Persistent organic pollutants</strong> such as polychlorinated biphenyls (<strong>PCBs</strong>) remain a significant environmental concern despite decades of regulatory restrictions. In this interview, Francais Femi Oloy discusses the environmental and analytical challenges associated with monitoring PCB contamination in rivers of southwestern Nigeria, a rapidly industrializing region where urban growth, industrial activity, agriculture, and dense populations intersect with extensive aquatic systems.</p><p>Oloy explains that his interest in environmental contaminant analysis emerged from observing unexplained health problems and environmental degradation while growing up in Nigeria. This motivated his transition into organic and environmental chemistry, with a focus on identifying pollutants present in drinking water, agricultural soils, and food systems. Southwestern Nigeria, particularly the Lagos region, represents a critical environmental monitoring area due to intense industrial development, shipping activity, and widespread human dependence on rivers for domestic use, agriculture, and fishing.</p><p>Although PCBs are considered “<strong>legacy pollutants</strong>” and are no longer intentionally produced, the interview highlights why they continue to persist in aquatic environments. Old electrical transformers and aging industrial equipment still contain PCB residues, while historical contamination stored in river sediments can become remobilized during flooding, dredging, or sediment disturbance. Because PCBs are hydrophobic and resistant to degradation, they preferentially accumulate in sediments and bioaccumulate through aquatic food chains, creating long-term environmental and human exposure risks.</p><p>A major focus of the discussion centers on the analytical workflow used for PCB determination in environmental water samples. Composite river water samples were collected in amber glass bottles to avoid contamination and photodegradation, preserved with sodium azide to minimize microbial activity, and stored under cooled conditions prior to extraction. The analytical protocol employed <strong>liquid–liquid extraction</strong> using dichloromethane (DCM) and hexane to recover both polar and nonpolar PCB congeners. Oloy emphasizes that liquid–liquid extraction was selected over solid-phase extraction (SPE) because of concerns about congener retention within sorbent materials and clogging issues associated with large-volume environmental samples.</p><p>Following extraction, concentration and cleanup represented critical analytical stages due to the trace-level occurrence and volatility of PCBs. Silica and alumina cleanup procedures were used to remove matrix interferences prior to instrumental analysis. The concentration workflow combined rotary evaporation for bulk solvent reduction with nitrogen blowdown for final volume reduction to less than 1 mL, while carefully avoiding excessive temperature or complete dryness to minimize analyte loss. Oloy repeatedly stresses that improper concentration procedures are among the most common causes of analytical failure in PCB analysis.</p><p>For instrumental determination, the study utilized <strong>gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detection (GC-ECD)</strong> rather than LC-MS or GC-MS. According to Oloy, GC was preferred because PCBs are sufficiently volatile for gas chromatographic separation, while ECD provided superior sensitivity and selectivity for chlorinated compounds at environmentally relevant concentrations. The interview also discusses analytical validation strategies, including the use of surrogate standards to assess <strong>recoveries,</strong> which ranged from approximately <strong>85% to 114%</strong>, and signal-to-noise-based determination of detection limits.</p><p>The study further examined <strong>seasonal variations in PCB concentrations</strong>, revealing <strong>higher levels during the wet season</strong>. This observation was attributed to rainfall-driven runoff from contaminated infrastructure, sediment resuspension, and lower temperatures that reduce volatilization losses. To communicate toxicological relevance beyond simple concentration reporting, the researchers also calculated <strong>toxic equivalency values (TEQs)</strong>, converting mixtures of PCB congeners into biologically meaningful toxicity estimates comparable to dioxin toxicity metrics.</p><p>Beyond environmental monitoring, Oloy highlights broader research interests focused on <strong>pollutant remediation and sustainable environmental protection</strong>. His group is also involved in developing catalytic materials capable of degrading or removing persistent contaminants from environmental systems. Throughout the discussion, he emphasizes that analytical chemistry plays a central role not only in detecting pollutants, but also in enabling prevention, remediation, and long-term environmental management strategies.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><blockquote><p><strong>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</strong></p></blockquote><blockquote><h4><strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</strong></h4><p>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!</p><p>You can find <strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast </strong>in podcast apps:</p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL"><strong>Spotify</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185"><strong>Apple podcast</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography"><strong>podscan</strong></a></li></ul><p>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos"><strong>YouTube channel</strong></a></p></blockquote>

Tracking Toxic PCBs in River Water using Gas Chromatography–Electron Capture Detection

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Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

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LECO PEGASUS BTX GC-TOFMS

Discover the LECO Pegasus BTX GC-TOFMS: next-generation TOF technology with femtogram sensitivity, StayClean® ion source, and full-spectrum acquisition for GC and GC×GC applications.

<p><strong>The Pegasus BTX represents the culmination of nearly 30 years of LECO innovation in time-of-flight mass spectrometry for GC and GC×GC applications. Designed for laboratories that demand uncompromising sensitivity, speed, and robustness, the BTX delivers full-spectrum data at all times—even during targeted analyses—so no chemical information is ever lost.</strong></p><h3><strong>Why Pegasus BTX?</strong></h3><p><strong>See Everything, All the Time</strong><br>Collect complete mass range data while running targeted methods. Never miss unknowns or unexpected components hidden in complex matrices.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_LECO_PEGASUS_BTX_GC_TOFMS_Collect_full_mass_range_data_even_when_performing_targeted_analyses_Never_miss_another_clue_ee49884729.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BTX GC-TOFMS: Collect full mass range data, even when performing targeted analyses. Never miss another clue..jpg" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_LECO_PEGASUS_BTX_GC_TOFMS_Collect_full_mass_range_data_even_when_performing_targeted_analyses_Never_miss_another_clue_ee49884729.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="771" height="350"></p><p><strong>Advanced Deconvolution Algorithms</strong><br>Powerful spectral deconvolution extracts clean, interpretable spectra—even from the densest chromatograms.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_LECO_PEGASUS_BTX_GC_TOFMS_Even_in_the_densest_of_matrices_uncovering_analytes_is_easier_than_ever_with_the_help_of_clean_spectra_0a5a1afa9b.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BTX GC-TOFMS: Even in the densest of matrices, uncovering analytes is easier than ever with the help of clean spectra..jpg" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_LECO_PEGASUS_BTX_GC_TOFMS_Even_in_the_densest_of_matrices_uncovering_analytes_is_easier_than_ever_with_the_help_of_clean_spectra_0a5a1afa9b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="712" height="350"></p><p><strong>StayClean® Ion Source – No Routine Cleaning</strong><br>The proven StayClean® direct-extraction EI source eliminates the need for source cleaning, even after prolonged exposure to heavy matrices, maximizing uptime.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_LECO_PEGASUS_BTX_GC_TOFMS_Stay_running_with_the_Stay_Clean_ion_source_which_requires_no_cleaning_even_after_sustained_heavy_matrix_exposure_8954521617.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BTX GC-TOFMS: Stay running with the StayClean­® ion source, which requires no cleaning, even after sustained heavy matrix exposure..jpg" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_LECO_PEGASUS_BTX_GC_TOFMS_Stay_running_with_the_Stay_Clean_ion_source_which_requires_no_cleaning_even_after_sustained_heavy_matrix_exposure_8954521617.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="729" height="350"></p><p><strong>Sensitivity in Spades</strong><br>Achieve trace-level detection down to <strong>femtogram levels</strong> using either helium or hydrogen carrier gas.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_LECO_PEGASUS_BTX_GC_TOFMS_Trace_level_detection_with_helium_or_hydrogen_carrier_gases_no_analytes_escape_detection_d3eb2da878.jpg" alt="LECO - LECO PEGASUS BTX GC-TOFMS -Trace-level detection with helium or hydrogen carrier gases - no analytes escape detection.jpg" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_LECO_PEGASUS_BTX_GC_TOFMS_Trace_level_detection_with_helium_or_hydrogen_carrier_gases_no_analytes_escape_detection_d3eb2da878.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="711" height="350"></p><p><strong>New Generation TOF Technology</strong><br>A novel ion path and detector design delivers extraordinary sensitivity in a compact benchtop footprint—revealing analytes that escape conventional GC-MS systems.</p><p><strong>Built for Reliability</strong><br>Backed by LECO’s commitment to robustness, every BTX includes a <strong>two-year detector warranty</strong>, underscoring confidence in ion path and detector integrity.</p><h3><strong>Proven Platform, Elevated Performance</strong></h3><p>Building on more than 8 years of field-proven Pegasus BT systems, the BTX retains what users trust—<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/documents/app-notes/203-821-569/?_gl=1*121vl09*_up*MQ..*_ga*OTgyMzg3MTkuMTc2NzgxMTMwNA..*_ga_KRDSR1XM7X*czE3Njc4MTEzMDQkbzEkZzAkdDE3Njc4MTEzMDQkajYwJGwwJGgw*_ga_K8NYKVEKHY*czE3Njc4MTEzMDQkbzEkZzAkdDE3Njc4MTEzMDQkajYwJGwwJGgxNjI1OTMyNjA5"><strong>StayClean® ion source</strong></a><strong>, ultrafast full-spectrum acquisition, and 5 orders of linear dynamic range</strong>—while pushing sensitivity and performance to a new level. It is ideally suited for demanding, non-targeted and discovery-driven workflows across:</p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/applications/petrochemical-analysis/?_gl=1*1819onr*_up*MQ..*_ga*OTgyMzg3MTkuMTc2NzgxMTMwNA..*_ga_KRDSR1XM7X*czE3Njc4MTEzMDQkbzEkZzAkdDE3Njc4MTEzMDQkajYwJGwwJGgw*_ga_K8NYKVEKHY*czE3Njc4MTEzMDQkbzEkZzAkdDE3Njc4MTEzMDQkajYwJGwwJGgxNjI1OTMyNjA5"><strong>Petroleum &amp; energy</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/industry/agriculture-environmental/?_gl=1*o0u7vp*_up*MQ..*_ga*OTgyMzg3MTkuMTc2NzgxMTMwNA..*_ga_KRDSR1XM7X*czE3Njc4MTEzMDQkbzEkZzAkdDE3Njc4MTEzMDQkajYwJGwwJGgw*_ga_K8NYKVEKHY*czE3Njc4MTEzMDQkbzEkZzAkdDE3Njc4MTEzMDQkajYwJGwwJGgxNjI1OTMyNjA5"><strong>Environmental analysis</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/applications/metabolomics/?_gl=1*1ttdc4g*_up*MQ..*_ga*OTgyMzg3MTkuMTc2NzgxMTMwNA..*_ga_KRDSR1XM7X*czE3Njc4MTEzMDQkbzEkZzAkdDE3Njc4MTEzMDQkajYwJGwwJGgw*_ga_K8NYKVEKHY*czE3Njc4MTEzMDQkbzEkZzAkdDE3Njc4MTEzMDQkajYwJGwwJGgxNjI1OTMyNjA5"><strong>Life sciences</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/industry/pharma/?_gl=1*121vl09*_up*MQ..*_ga*OTgyMzg3MTkuMTc2NzgxMTMwNA..*_ga_KRDSR1XM7X*czE3Njc4MTEzMDQkbzEkZzAkdDE3Njc4MTEzMDQkajYwJGwwJGgw*_ga_K8NYKVEKHY*czE3Njc4MTEzMDQkbzEkZzAkdDE3Njc4MTEzMDQkajYwJGwwJGgxNjI1OTMyNjA5"><strong>Pharmaceuticals</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/industry/food-safety/?_gl=1*121vl09*_up*MQ..*_ga*OTgyMzg3MTkuMTc2NzgxMTMwNA..*_ga_KRDSR1XM7X*czE3Njc4MTEzMDQkbzEkZzAkdDE3Njc4MTEzMDQkajYwJGwwJGgw*_ga_K8NYKVEKHY*czE3Njc4MTEzMDQkbzEkZzAkdDE3Njc4MTEzMDQkajYwJGwwJGgxNjI1OTMyNjA5"><strong>Food safety</strong></a></li><li>Forensic and other complex-matrix applications</li></ul><h3><strong>Key Technical Specifications</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Ionization Source:</strong> Electron Ionization (StayClean® direct-extraction, open style)</li><li><strong>Mass Analyzer:</strong> Time-of-Flight with dual-stage single reflectron</li><li><strong>Detector:</strong> Scintillator–Photomultiplier Tube (extended lifetime)</li><li><strong>Mass Range:</strong> 10–1500 m/z</li><li><strong>Mass Resolution:</strong> &gt;1,100 at m/z 219</li><li><strong>Spectral Acquisition Rate:</strong> 1–500 spectra/s (up to 35,000 transients/s)</li><li><strong>Detection Limit (He carrier gas):</strong> 10 fg OFN, Quant S/N &gt;10</li><li><strong>Detection Limit (H₂ carrier gas):</strong> 10 fg OFN, Quant S/N &gt;10</li><li><strong>IDL:</strong> &lt;4 fg (8 replicates of 10 fg OFN)</li><li><strong>Precision:</strong> &lt;5 % RSD (15 injections of 100 fg OFN)</li><li><strong>Linear Dynamic Range:</strong> 5 orders of magnitude</li></ul>

LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS

Compact GC-TOFMS delivering full mass range data in every run, high sensitivity, NonTarget Deconvolution® and StayClean® EI source for reliable non-target and routine GC-MS analysis.

<p><strong>The Pegasus BT GC-TOFMS is a compact, high-performance benchtop gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometer designed to deliver comprehensive chemical information with exceptional sensitivity, speed, and reliability. It combines advanced TOF mass spectrometry hardware with LECO’s powerful </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/41"><strong>ChromaTOF® software</strong></a><strong> to support both routine and advanced analytical workflows.</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_Pegasus_BT_2_bc8a8d0505.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_Pegasus_BT_2_bc8a8d0505.jpg 238w," sizes="100vw" width="932" height="612"></p><p>Designed for laboratories that need to analyze more samples, generate more data, and achieve results faster, the Pegasus BT acquires full-range mass spectral data in every run—ensuring that no analytes are missed, even in highly complex matrices. Industry-leading sensitivity, combined with <strong>NonTarget Deconvolution® (NTD®)</strong>, enables confident identification and quantification of both known and unknown compounds by effectively separating co-eluting peaks and minimizing matrix interferences.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_7_be16be31ec.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS: NonTarget Deconvolution® (NTD®) Automated deconvolution ensures that coeluting peaks and matrix interferences don't hinder your analyses.StayClean Ion Source Open-style EI source virtually eliminates downtime associated with source cleaning*, which means you can spend your time running more samples.  *Even after 3,000 sludge injections, source has not needed cleaning." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_7_be16be31ec.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="768" height="432"></p><p>The system features LECO’s proven <strong>StayClean® open-style EI ion source</strong>, which virtually eliminates downtime associated with source cleaning and allows extended operation even with challenging sample matrices. Its compact benchtop footprint makes the Pegasus BT an ideal solution for laboratories with limited space, without compromising analytical performance.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_6_047f81e642.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS: " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_6_047f81e642.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="616" height="375"></p><p>Fully integrated <strong>ChromaTOF® software</strong> provides automated deconvolution, quantification, reporting, batch processing, and long-term data mining. The Pegasus BT GC-TOFMS is ideally suited for pesticide analysis, metabolomics, petroleum and fuel characterization, food, flavor, and fragrance analysis, and other demanding GC-MS applications.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_2_cc1a963b9e.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS: ChromaTOF® software" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_2_cc1a963b9e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="943" height="566"></p><h3><strong>Key Features</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Benchtop GC-TOFMS</strong> with full-range mass spectral acquisition in every analysis</li><li><strong>Industry-leading sensitivity</strong> for trace-level detection</li><li><strong>NonTarget Deconvolution® (NTD®)</strong> for reliable separation of co-eluting compounds and suppression of matrix interferences</li><li><strong>StayClean® open-style EI ion source</strong> for minimal maintenance and reduced downtime</li><li><strong>High sample throughput with excellent repeatability</strong></li><li><strong>Compact footprint </strong>with uncompromised analytical performance</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_5fd6d4a332.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_5fd6d4a332.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1220" height="591"></p><h3><strong>Applications</strong></h3><ul><li>Pesticides and environmental contaminants</li><li>Petroleum products, fuels, and fuel marker analysis</li><li>Metabolomics and non-target screening</li><li>Food, flavor, and fragrance analysis</li><li>Characterization of complex matrices and unknown identification</li></ul><h5><strong>&nbsp;Calibration curve in strawberry matrix: Cyprodinil</strong></h5><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_3_6a4f0ecc50.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS: The calibration curve at left shows excellent linearity, and sensitivity easily meets all standard requirements." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_3_6a4f0ecc50.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="871" height="480"></p><h5><strong>Characterization of fuel markers at trace levels is easy and routine</strong></h5><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_4_33217d7f2e.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT GC-TOFMS: Full TIC chromatogram of a spiked commercial diesel sample." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_GC_TOFMS_4_33217d7f2e.jpg 237w," sizes="100vw" width="742" height="489"></p>

LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GC×GC-TOFMS

LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GC×GC-TOFMS combines comprehensive two-dimensional GC with fast TOFMS to improve separation, sensitivity, and confidence in qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex samples.

<p><strong>The LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GC×GC-TOFMS is a high-performance benchtop system that combines comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) to deliver unmatched separation power, sensitivity, and confidence in compound identification. Designed for laboratories facing highly complex samples, the PEGASUS BT 4D enables qualitative and quantitative analysis in a single run while maximizing productivity and data quality.</strong></p><p>By coupling GC×GC separation with fast TOFMS acquisition, the system <strong>dramatically increases chromatographic peak capacity and resolves co-eluting compounds </strong>that are difficult or impossible to distinguish by conventional 1D GC-MS. Enhanced signal-to-noise ratios translate into lower detection limits, improved linearity, and more reliable quantification—even in challenging matrices.</p><h3><strong>What GC×GC Brings to Your Analysis</strong></h3><p>GC×GC modulation refocuses and reinjects analytes from the first column into a second column with a different stationary phase, providing structured chromatograms that improve interpretability of complex data. This approach improves both separation efficiency and interpretability of results, allowing you to identify more compounds with greater confidence and consistency.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_c9ad0bd186.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GC×GC-TOFMS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_c9ad0bd186.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1029" height="594"></p><h3><strong>Confident Identification and Quantification</strong></h3><p>The PEGASUS BT 4D excels in both comprehensive screening and targeted applications. Spectral deconvolution combined with high-speed TOFMS acquisition reveals analytes present in complex matrices, while GC×GC separation minimizes matrix interferences for superior quantitative performance. What was once a marginal library match in GC-MS becomes a confident identification in GC×GC-TOFMS.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_2_4e033e866c.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GC×GC-TOFMS: Quantitative analysis using the Pegasus BT 4D" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_2_4e033e866c.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1443" height="637"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_3_18eebd600d.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GC×GC-TOFMS: Qualitative analysis using the Pegasus BT 4D" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_3_18eebd600d.jpg 210w," sizes="100vw" width="1442" height="1069"></p><h3><strong>Robust Design for High-Throughput Labs</strong></h3><p>Equipped with LECO’s proven StayClean® ion source, the PEGASUS BT 4D minimizes routine maintenance and downtime, even when analyzing dirty or complex samples. Integrated with <strong>ChromaTOF®</strong> software, the system provides seamless instrument control, automated data processing, and powerful qualitative and quantitative tools within a single platform.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_c2644cd38e.jpg" alt="LECO - PEGASUS BT 4D GCxGC-TOFMS.jpg" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_c2644cd38e.jpg 202w," sizes="100vw" width="1099" height="849"></p><h3><strong>Key Benefits</strong></h3><ul><li>Exceptional chromatographic resolution and peak capacity with GC×GC</li><li>Enhanced sensitivity and lower detection limits through modulation-based signal focusing</li><li>High-speed TOFMS acquisition for accurate deconvolution of narrow GC×GC peaks</li><li>Reliable identification and quantification of analytes</li><li>Reduced maintenance with the StayClean® ion source</li><li>Fully integrated ChromaTOF® software for acquisition, processing, and reporting</li></ul><h3><strong>Applications</strong></h3><p>The LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GC×GC-TOFMS is ideally suited for demanding applications across environmental analysis, petrochemical and energy research, food and flavor/fragrance analysis, forensics, life sciences, and metabolomics—anywhere complex mixtures require maximum separation power and analytical confidence.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_4_8e8ec115ec.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GCxGC-TOFMS: Excellent Sensitivity" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_4_8e8ec115ec.jpg 244w," sizes="100vw" width="974" height="625">With the PEGASUS BT 4D, you can <strong>predict, quantify, and identify more compounds with confidence</strong>, turning complex data into clear, actionable results.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_5_625fed2f0d.jpg" alt="LECO PEGASUS BT 4D GCxGC-TOFMS: Identify MORE with confidence/non-target analysis" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_PEGASUS_BT_4_D_G_Cx_GC_TOFMS_5_625fed2f0d.jpg 240w," sizes="100vw" width="1034" height="672"></p>

LECO Pegasus GC-HRT+

Ultra-high-resolution GC-TOFMS with up to 50,000 FWHM, <1 ppm mass accuracy, and 200 spectra/s. Pegasus GC-HRT+ delivers unmatched sensitivity and confident identification in complex samples.

<p><strong>Now with even higher sensitivity, the Pegasus GC-HRT+ is designed to meet the most demanding analytical challenges. This high-performance GC-TOFMS delivers industry-leading mass accuracy, full-range acquisition at exceptional speed, precise isotopic abundance, and ultra-high mass resolution—all within a single injection.</strong></p><p>Folded Flight Path (FFP) technology combined with a novel data acquisition system enables up to <strong>50,000 FWHM resolution</strong>, <strong>&lt;1 ppm mass accuracy</strong>, and <strong>acquisition rates up to 200 spectra/s</strong>, supporting rich analyte discovery and high-confidence identification in highly complex samples.</p><h3><strong>Key features</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Mass accuracy ≤1 ppm</strong> with peak capacity at least <strong>2× higher</strong> than conventional MS platforms</li><li><strong>Encoded Frequent Pushing (EFP)</strong> for markedly increased sensitivity, expanded dynamic range, and wide mass range</li><li><strong>Folded Flight Path (FFP)</strong> technology for ultra-high resolution, enhanced sensitivity, and advanced TOF focusing</li><li><strong>KADAS®</strong> ion-statistics-based acquisition to reduce noise, ensure mass accuracy, and minimize file size</li><li><strong>Ultra High Resolution + HRD</strong> to resolve highly isobaric ions (mass differences ~0.02 amu)</li><li><strong>Multi-Mode Source (MMS):</strong> EI, Positive CI, and ECNI in one system</li></ul><h3><strong>Models</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Pegasus GC-HRT+</strong> – Full-scale GC-TOFMS</li></ul><h3><strong>Options</strong></h3><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/82"><strong>L-PAL3 Automated Sample Injector</strong></a></li></ul>

LECO Pegasus GC-HRT+ 4D

High-resolution GC×GC-TOFMS system combining extreme separation power, up to 200 spectra/s acquisition, and advanced HR deconvolution for confident identification of unknowns in complex samples.

<p><strong>The Pegasus GC-HRT+ 4D from </strong><span><strong>LECO</strong></span><strong> combines comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) and advanced High-Resolution Deconvolution (HRD). Designed for the most complex sample matrices, the system enables detection, separation, and confident identification of more analytes than ever before. </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/41"><strong>ChromaTOF® software</strong></a><strong>, purpose-built for HRT+ instrumentation and GC×GC workflows, integrates advanced qualitative and quantitative tools into a single, user-friendly data system.</strong></p><h3><strong>Key Features</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Compact benchtop design</strong> that saves valuable laboratory space</li><li><strong>Industry-leading sensitivity</strong> with proprietary deconvolution algorithms for clean, high-quality spectra</li><li><strong>High acquisition speed</strong> up to 200 spectra/s to properly define ultra-narrow GC×GC peaks (&lt;200 ms)</li><li><strong>Complete historical mass-spectral record</strong> retained for future data mining and reprocessing</li><li><strong>Proven Pegasus reliability and durability</strong> in a modern, space-efficient format</li></ul><h3><strong>GC×GC Performance Explained</strong></h3><p>GC×GC achieves exceptionally high peak capacity by trapping compounds eluting from the first column and reinjecting them into a second column for rapid secondary separation. These second-dimension separations occur within seconds, producing extremely narrow peaks that demand very high spectral acquisition rates. The Pegasus GC-HRT+ 4D meets and exceeds this requirement, enabling robust spectral deconvolution and confident compound identification in highly complex samples.</p><h3><strong>Available Configurations</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Pegasus GC-HRT+ 4D with Liquid Nitrogen Thermal Modulator</strong></li><li><strong>Pegasus GC-HRT+ 4D with Cryogen-Free Modulator</strong></li></ul><h3><strong>Optional Accessories</strong></h3><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/82"><strong>L-PAL3 Autosampler</strong></a></li></ul>

Products from category TOF spectrometers focused on GC/MSD - page 1

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