<h3>The recommended procedure for H53 method integration in Clarity (method 1):</h3>
<ol>
<li>Use Baseline – Lock on the whole chromatogram.
</li>
<li>Apply Baseline – Allow Crossing to the whole chromatogram with the option To Start/End.
</li>
<li>Via Peak – Add positive, add the following peaks:
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>A peak with the start time just before the solvent peak (this is the initial point of the baseline) and the end time at the beginning of the first fraction.</li>
<li>The first fraction (C10) peak with the start time exactly at the end time of the previous peak and the end time at the end of the fraction.</li>
<li>In a similar manner, i.e., with non-overlapping time frames, add the other peaks for remaining fractions (optionally, C10–C20, C20–C30, and C30–C40).</li>
</ul>
<ol start="4">
<li>Set Baseline – Together and Baseline – Forward horizontal over the entire chromatogram.
</li>
<li>Assign peaks to respective fractions using Force Peak Name (exact times are filled automatically when selecting the peak from the graph).
</li>
<li>Create a calibration file for the present fractions.
</li>
</ol>
When the chromatogram is integrated appropriately, you can use the Method - Save as Template command from the Chromatogram window to save the method as a template method, so it can be used for further measurements. In the case you have already measured all the samples, you can apply the integration on all your chromatograms via Analysis – Batch reprocess by method.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_How_to_determine_non_volatile_hydrocarbons_according_to_DIN_H53_ISO_16703_1_4d7e6aabf8/DataApex-How-to-determine-non-volatile-hydrocarbons-according-to-DIN-H53-(ISO-16703)-1.jpg" alt="DataApex - How to determine non-volatile hydrocarbons according to DIN H53 (ISO 16703)? 1"/>
Note: In the case, that the amounts of some compounds in standards are not known, it is necessary to set the Curve Fit Type to Free Calibration on the tabs of these compounds in the Calibration window.
<h4>Example of an evaluated chromatogram</h4>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_How_to_determine_non_volatile_hydrocarbons_according_to_DIN_H53_ISO_16703_2_9da75db54b/DataApex-How-to-determine-non-volatile-hydrocarbons-according-to-DIN-H53-(ISO-16703)-2.jpg" alt="DataApex - How to determine non-volatile hydrocarbons according to DIN H53 (ISO 16703) - 2"/>
<h3>An alternative procedure for H53 method integration in Clarity (method 2):</h3>
<ol>
<li>Use the same Peak Width and Threshold as in standard integration.
</li>
<li>Apply Baseline – Together to the whole chromatogram.
</li>
<li>Apply Baseline – Forward Horizontal to the whole chromatogram.
</li>
<li>Mark all the peaks between C10 and C40 as a group (the group boundary lines may exceed the C10 and C40 peaks, only fully contained peaks will be included).
</li>
<li>Amend the peak starts and ends by manual peak tools if necessary for the C10 and C40 (use the Peak - Both, with the A time corresponding to the respective C10 or C40 time and B time positive or negative, respectively. The times are relative, i.e., will be shifted accordingly in other chromatograms).
</li>
<li>Create calibration file for C10, C40, and Group A peaks.
</li>
</ol>
If the integration is not correct at this point (e.g., the integrated area for Group A between C10 and C40 peaks does not start/end exactly where the C10/C40 peaks end/start respectively, as shown in the figure below), an additional step might be added after step 3.: Apply again Baseline – Together to the whole chromatogram. Continue with the remaining steps.
To subtract a baseline, in the Method Setup – Advanced dialog, set the baseline chromatogram, and in the Matching, set No Change. The baseline file should be acquired on the stabilized system and preferably without injection of solvent or at least with a lower volume of the solvent. Otherwise, negative artifacts will appear, interfering with the correct baseline setting in Clarity later on.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_How_to_determine_non_volatile_hydrocarbons_according_to_DIN_H53_ISO_16703_3_cbe418722f/DataApex-How-to-determine-non-volatile-hydrocarbons-according-to-DIN-H53-(ISO-16703)-3.jpg" alt="DataApex - How to determine non-volatile hydrocarbons according to DIN H53 (ISO 16703) - 3"/>
<blockquote>
There is a condition that must be met:
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>The drawn baseline must not cross the chromatogram line (the negative areas arising do not have any physical meaning).</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
This approach is generally less reliable and more sensitive to the choice of Integration Algorithm. 
<h4>Example of an evaluated chromatogram</h4>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_How_to_determine_non_volatile_hydrocarbons_according_to_DIN_H53_ISO_16703_4_46736a7950/DataApex-How-to-determine-non-volatile-hydrocarbons-according-to-DIN-H53-(ISO-16703)-4.jpg" alt="DataApex - How to determine non-volatile hydrocarbons according to DIN H53 (ISO 16703) - 4"/>
<h3>Sample data for Clarity</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://downloads.dataapex.com/documentation/clarity/other/DIN_H53.zip">DIN_H53.zip</a> - zipped chromatograms, methods, and calibrations.</li>
<li><a href="https://downloads.dataapex.com/documentation/clarity/other/Din-H53-processed.dgz">Din-H53-processed.dgz</a> - archived Clarity Project to restore with Clarity via the Archive/Restore function</li>
</ul>

How to determine non-volatile hydrocarbons according to DIN H53 (ISO 16703)?

<h3>We are pleased to inform you about the enhanced control capabilities offered through the <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?manufacturerItems=95&amp;search=Clarity">Clarity software family</a>.</h3>
<h3>Clarity - Shimadzu Edition</h3>
Clarity - Shimadzu Edition expands instrument control options of Clarity Chromatography Software with <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=27&amp;mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Nexera">Shimadzu Nexera HPLC</a> and <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=1&amp;mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Nexis">Nexis GC systems</a>.
In addition to all supported instruments in Clarity, this edition brings exclusive control of Shimadzu Nexera HPLC and Nexis GC systems. 
The control of Shimadzu Nexis GC-2030 GC and Shimadzu Nexera HPLC is available only through a special Clarity OEM version called Clarity - Shimadzu Edition (p/n C50-28) which is available only in Europe.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_Shimadzu_Edition_13a618e618/DataApex-Clarity-Shimadzu-Edition.jpg" alt="DataApex: Clarity - Shimadzu Edition"/>
<h4>All Clarity features in the Shimadzu edition</h4>
You will get all the optional features available in Clarity with your Shimadzu edition, such as integrated control of selected instruments (GCs, LCs, pumps, detectors, autosamplers, etc.). Extensions provide functions for specific separation techniques or calculations such as <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1001">PDA</a>, <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1004">GPC analysis</a>, <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1003">Mass spectrometry</a>, or <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1002">SST</a>. User interface choice of languages includes English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, and Chinese. Our highly rated technicians and developers provide timely, extensive support.
<h3>Control module for <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=1&amp;mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Nexis+2030">Shimadzu Nexis GC-2030</a> system</h3>
The Shimadzu Nexis GC-2030 Control module allows direct control of this GC (Gas chromatograph) using Agilent ICF (Instrument Control Framework). Direct control means that the GC can be completely controlled from the Clarity - Shimadzu Edition Chromatography Station enabling integrated GC control thus ensuring complete automation for laboratories. The instrument method controlling the analysis conditions will be saved in measured chromatograms. Along with the above-mentioned CG, the control module also allows controlling autosamplers operated through the GC. The control is performed via LAN. The minimum required firmware of the GC is version 1.09.
<h4>Specification</h4>
Shimadzu Nexis GC-2030
<ul>
<li>Controlled instruments: Nexis GC-2030 gas chromatograph, AOC-20 family autosamplers</li>
<li>Supported detectors: FID, TCD, FTD, FPD, ECD, BID</li>
<li>Communication interface: LAN</li>
<li>Purchasing: GC Control - (p/n A23), GC Shimadzu Control (p/n A23-001) - needs to be purchased once for each connected system, AS Control - (p/n A26) - when autosampler is present</li>
<li>Related products: Clarity - Shimadzu Edition (p/n C50-28) Only available in Europe</li>
<li>Cable: Cross LAN (p/n SK08)</li>
</ul>
<h3>Control module for <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=27&amp;search=Shimadzu+Nexera+HPLC">Shimadzu Nexera HPLC</a> systems</h3>
Direct control of Shimadzu Nexera HPLC components using the Agilent ICF (Instrument Control Framework) tools developed by the Agilent company. The Clarity Chromatography Station - Shimadzu Edition allows for direct control of selected Shimadzu Nexera components (mostly from the Nexera LC-40 line), enabling Clarity to provide integrated instrument control and to ensure complete automation for laboratories. The control module includes parameters for the HPLC pumps, column ovens, detectors (including PDA), autosamplers, etc. A dedicated PDA Extension enables the evaluation of data from PDA systems.
The control module limits the usage of multiple Nexera HPLC systems in the same Clarity - only a single system is guaranteed to function reliably.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Shimadzu_Nexis_GC_2030_Control_10da3b4ef0/DataApex-Shimadzu-Nexis-GC-2030-Control.jpg" alt="DataApex: Shimadzu Nexis GC-2030 Control"/>
<h4>Specification</h4>
Shimadzu Nexera Control
<ul>
<li>Controlled devices: The Shimadzu Nexera HPLC control module is compatible with selected components of Shimadzu Nexera HPLC systems supported by the Agilent ICF. Exact list of controlled components is shown in the list below.</li>
<li>Communication interface: LAN</li>
<li>Data acquisition interface: Digital Data Acquisition Purchasing: LC Control (p/n A24), LC Shimadzu Control (p/n A24-001) - needs to be purchased once for each connected system, AS Control (p/n A26) - optional, PDA Extension (p/n A29) - optional</li>
<li>Special: Based on controller serial number and unique LC Shimadzu Control license number, specific Connect Key is needed for the LC to communicate, for more details see the manual.</li>
<li>Related products: Clarity - Shimadzu Edition (p/n C50-28)</li>
<li>Cable: Cross LAN (p/n SK08)</li>
</ul>
List of controlled subdevices of the Shimadzu Nexera control module. Please note that the portfolio of components widens with further releases of newer control module versions.
<ul>
<li>Controllers: CBM-40, CBM-40 Lite, SCL-40</li>
<li>Pumps: LC-40B X3, LC-40B XR, LC-40D, LC-40D X3, LC-40D XR, LC-40D XS</li>
<li>Detectors: CDD-10Avp, RF-20A, RF-20AXS, RID-20A, SPD-40, SPD-40V</li>
<li>PDA Detectors: SPD-M30A, SPD-M40</li>
<li>Autosamplers: SIL-40, SIL-40 XR, SIL-40C, SIL-40C X3, SIL-40C XR, SIL-40C XS</li>
<li>Column Ovens: CTO-30A, CTO-40C, CTO-40S</li>
<li>Other: Mobile Phase Monitor MPM-40</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Shimadzu_Nexera_Control_1a5d578355/DataApex-Shimadzu-Nexera-Control.jpg" alt="DataApex: Shimadzu Nexera Control"/>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/controls">List of all supported instruments</a>
<blockquote>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-shimadzu-edition-demo">Demo version available</a>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Preview functions of Clarity - Shimadzu Edition. You can try any controlled instrument in simulated demo mode without connecting to a real device. Discover all configuration options and run simulated data acquisition. A stored demo data set allows you to try the capabilities of data processing.
</blockquote>

Nexera HPLC and Nexis GC systems  Supported in Clarity

Dear Customers, Dear Business Partners!
We cordially invite you to visit our booth A1.500 at the <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/events/567">Analytica Exhibition</a>. Come to see the latest version of Clarity Chromatography Software and meet our sales and support team!
We are thrilled to showcase the latest version of <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity Chromatography Software</a>. Our team will be available to answer your questions and discuss your software requirements.
Explore our showcases at Analytica! Experience the unparalleled versatility of <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity Chromatography Software</a>, which controls 1000+ instruments and supports various applications such as <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1001">PDA</a>, <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1004">GPC</a>, <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1003">MS</a>, <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1005">CE</a>, etc. We will also present solutions for instrument manufacturers.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Data_Apex_participates_in_the_Analytica_exhibition_in_Munich_April_9_12_2024_fec53b90b2/DataApex-DataApex-participates-in-the-Analytica-exhibition-in-Munich-April-9-12-2024.jpg" alt="DataApex: DataApex participates in the Analytica exhibition in Munich, April 9-12, 2024"/>
<h3>Don&#39;t miss our special presentations at our BOOTH A1.500</h3>
<h4>Tuesday 9.4.2024 - 11:00</h4>
<h5>Which instrument? Sure, we can control it!</h5>
<ul>
<li>Experience the unparalleled versatility of Clarity Chromatography Software, capable of seamlessly controlling over 1000 instruments from various vendors, all within one user interface.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Wednesday 10.4.2024 - 11:00</h4>
<h5>Customization and automation in your hands</h5>
<ul>
<li>Discover how you can make your work in Clarity more efficient. Learn valuable tips and techniques to boost your productivity. Don&#39;t miss this opportunity to optimize your chromatography processes!</li>
</ul>
<h4>Thursday 11.4.2024 - 11:00</h4>
<h5>Always hungry for new control modules!</h5>
<ul>
<li>Join us to learn how to add /develop new drivers, empowering you to integrate additional instruments and expand Clarity&#39;s capabilities.</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Would you like to arrange a personal meeting with us?
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Please <a href="sales@dataapex.com">contact</a> our sales and marketing.
</blockquote>
Detailed information about the exhibition on <a href="https://analytica.de/en/">analytica.de</a>.
We look forward to meeting you in Munich!
DataApex team

DataApex: See you at Analytica 2024

Dear customers and business partners,
We are happy to announce our latest version of Clarity 9.1. This version introduces new control modules for Chromsystems, ECOM, and Welch. It also includes updated Advion, ECOM, Labio, NETEL, Sykam, YoungIn Chromass, and Agilent ICF control modules. A detailed list of changes is available in the What is new section on our web.
This update is available to existing <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity 9.0</a> users at no additional cost.
<blockquote>
<h4><a href="https://www.dataapex.com/download?product_filter=3&amp;utm_campaign=Clarity%209.1&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_id=MKT1871&amp;utm_source=newsletter">DOWNLOAD CLARITY</a></h4>
</blockquote>
If you are using a version prior to 9.0, please review our upgrade policy. We recommend upgrading to the latest software version. By doing so, you will not only gain access to the newest features but also benefit from our expert technical support, which is provided for free with our latest software versions.
Your DataApex team
<h3>Tha latest literature on Clarity software from DataApex in <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?from=2023&amp;mainauthorItems=95&amp;search=Clarity&amp;sources=LCMS_EN-ICPMS_EN-GCMS_EN&amp;to=2024">LabRulez Library</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>REGULATED ENVIRONMENT IN REGARD TO CLARITY (Presentations | 2023)
</li>
<li>Clarity VALIDATION (Presentations | 2023)
</li>
<li>Clarity Software + Hardware VALIDATION KIT (Manuals | 2023)
</li>
<li>Why Clarity Chromatography Software? (Presentations | 2023)
</li>
<li>Clarity Software REFERENCE GUIDE (Manuals | 2023)
</li>
<li>Clarity SST – SYSTEM SUITABILITY TEST CLARITY EXTENSION (Presentations | 2023)
</li>
<li>Declaration of Software Validation - Structural validation and Statement of compliance with 21 CFR Part 11 (Others | 2023)
</li>
</ul>

DataApex Clarity 9.1 released

<h3>Promotion Alert!</h3>
For a limited time, customers who replace their existing chromatography software or integrator with <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a> or Clarity Lite Chromatography Software will receive a 20% discount on the software! This promotion is applicable also for old DataApex software (CSW17/CSW32). The promotion is valid through August 31, 2024.
Please contact <a href="https://www.dataapex.com/">DataApex</a> or your <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">distributor</a> for more details.
<h4>Why migrate to Clarity/Clarity Lite?</h4>
<ul>
<li>User-friendly interface.</li>
<li>Scalable solution.</li>
<li>Comprehensive data analysis tools.</li>
<li>Wide range of over 1000 controlled instruments.</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Replace_your_current_Chromatography_Software_with_Clarity_and_Save_Big_190b40fbee.jpg" alt="DataApex: Replace your current Chromatography Software with Clarity and Save Big!"/>

Replace your current Chromatography Software with Clarity and Save Big!

<h4>Here's what Clarity 10.0 offers:</h4>For a comprehensive function overview, please refer to the full details on our website. Also, check our Upgrade policy.&nbsp;<ul style="margin-top:0px;"><li>Dual Chromatogram Mode: two samples can be measured during one analysis using dual tower or dual loop samplers.</li><li>Extended GLP options for regulated environments.</li><li>Many improvements for Clarity Extensions: MS, PDA, DHA, NGA.</li><li>Updated and new control modules.</li></ul>For a comprehensive function overview, please refer to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/news/140846/clarity-10-released">the full details on our website</a>. Also, check our <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/upgrade">Upgrade policy</a>.Upgrade now and experience Clarity 10.0!<blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-demo">GET FREE DEMO</a><ul><li>Check the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/version_history?product=1&amp;version=10.0">What is new</a>.</li><li>Read the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/downloads/140899/view">Clarity (Lite) 10 vs. 9.0</a> guide.</li></ul></blockquote>&nbsp;Thank you for your trust in our products,Your DataApex team<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Dataapex_Clarity_10_released_91e9897b7d.jpg" alt="Dataapex: Clarity 10 chromatography software released" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Dataapex_Clarity_10_released_91e9897b7d.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="800" height="550"><h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">DataApex Clarity Chromatography Software</a></h3>Clarity is a chromatography data software for data acquisition, processing, and instrument control in regulated environment. Clarity is a flexible solution for devices from different vendors, supporting different applications.Optional control modules provide integrated control of selected instruments such as GCs, LCs, pumps, detectors, autosamplers, etc. Extensions provide functions for specific separation techniques or calculations such as PDA, GPC analysis, Mass spectrometry, or SST. Clarity can run in English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, and Chinese language. Support technicians and developers are close to their users and ready to provide extensive Support from DataApex.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_3_4adabdd9a6/DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-3.png" alt="DataApex: Clarity Chromatography Software" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_3_4adabdd9a6/thumbnail_DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-3.png 230w," sizes="100vw" width="1862" height="1265">

Clarity 10 chromatography software released

<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1007">NGA Extension</a> is a software module for natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas data processing. You no longer need an external tool for gas properties calculations since Clarity contains the complete workflow of data acquisition, peak calibration, reporting, and gas properties calculations based on supported norms. It is possible to perform summary calculations of gas properties from multiple signals and chromatograms.<ul><li>Calculates gas properties in compliance with internationally recognized standards ISO 6976-95, ASTM D 3588-98, GPA 2172-09 for Natural Gas or ASTM D 2421-02, ASTM D 2598-02, ISO 8973-97 / EN589-04 for Liquefied Petroleum Gas.</li><li>The gas properties can be calculated across multiple signals and even across multiple chromatograms.</li><li>It is possible to include additional norms based on customers feedback.</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=58&amp;search=NGA">NGA Extension</a> is an optional addition to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity software</a>, it cannot be used as a standalone program.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_NGA_Extension_a32a83147a.jpg" alt="DataApex -Clarity NGA Extension" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Clarity_NGA_Extension_a32a83147a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1212" height="767"><h4>Features - calculated properties according to norms</h4><h5>ISO 6976-95</h5><ul><li>Compression Factor (for real gas only)</li><li>Mean Molecular Weight</li><li>Relative Density</li><li>Density</li><li>Superior Calorific Value</li><li>Inferior Calorific Value</li><li>Wobbe Index</li></ul>ISO 6976-16 / ISO 6976-95 Natural gas: Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density, and Wobbe index from composition.<h5>ISO 8973-97 / EN589-04</h5><ul><li>Absolute Vapour Pressure (for Molar and Mass Percent only)</li><li>Gauge Vapour Pressure (for Molar and Mass Percent only)</li><li>Octane Number</li></ul>ISO 8973-97 / EN 589+A1: Standards for calculation methods for density and vapor pressure in liquefied petroleum gases.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_software_NGA_Natural_Gas_Analysis_Extension_2_5effa3549d.jpg" alt="DataApex: Clarity software - NGA (Natural Gas Analysis) Extension" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Clarity_software_NGA_Natural_Gas_Analysis_Extension_2_5effa3549d.jpg 195w," sizes="100vw" width="1005" height="806"><h5>ASTM D 3588-98 and GPA 2172-09</h5><ul><li>Molar Mass</li><li>Molar Mass Ratio</li><li>Compressibility Factor</li><li>Relative Density</li><li>Ideal Heating Value (also in BTU - British Thermal Units)</li><li>Real Heating Value (also in BTU - British Thermal Units)</li></ul>ASTM D 3588-98: The standard practice for calculating heating values, compressibility factor, and relative density of gaseous fuels.GPA 2172-09: Calculation of gross/net heating values, relative density, and compressibility factor for natural gas mixtures from compositional analysis.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_software_NGA_Natural_Gas_Analysis_Extension_93e81ffce8.jpg" alt="DataApex: Clarity software - NGA (Natural Gas Analysis) Extension" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Clarity_software_NGA_Natural_Gas_Analysis_Extension_93e81ffce8.jpg 176w," sizes="100vw" width="1023" height="905"><h5>ASTM ASTM D 2421-02 and D 2598-02</h5><ul><li>Vapor Pressure</li><li>Relative Density</li><li>Motor Octane Number</li></ul>ASTM D 2421-02: The standard practice for interconversion of analysis of C5 and lighter hydrocarbons to gas-volume, liquid-volume, or weight basis.ASTM D 2598-02: The standard practice for calculation of certain physical properties of liquefied petroleum (LP) gases from compositional analysis.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_software_NGA_Natural_Gas_Analysis_Extension_3_6e44e2d279.jpg" alt="DataApex: Clarity software - NGA (Natural Gas Analysis) Extension" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Clarity_software_NGA_Natural_Gas_Analysis_Extension_3_6e44e2d279.jpg 176w," sizes="100vw" width="853" height="757"><h4>Specification</h4><ul><li>Part No.: A32</li><li>Related products: Clarity (p/n C50)<ul><li>Clarity Offline (p/n C59) GC and AS Control module (p/n A23 and A26)</li></ul></li></ul>

Clarity software - NGA (Natural Gas Analysis) Extension

<div><div id=""><div><div><div><div>Extension for Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis. It allows the determination of individual components in spark ignition engine fuels.</div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div id=""><div><div><div><div><div>DHA Extension brings you the ability to calculate the properties of the samples directly in the chromatography software with the complete workflow of data acquisition, peak calibration, DHA calculations based on supported norms and reporting. These methods are often referred to as PONA, PIONA, O-PONA, etc.Calculations in the DHA Extension currently support the ASTM D-6730 standard and methods developed by Dani Instruments SA.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:1151/879;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Data_Apex_Clarity_DHA_Detailed_Hydrocarbon_Analysis_Extension_2_edfc9ba1f3.jpg" alt="DataApex: DataApex Clarity DHA (Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis) Extension" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Data_Apex_Clarity_DHA_Detailed_Hydrocarbon_Analysis_Extension_2_edfc9ba1f3.jpg 204w," sizes="100vw" width="1151" height="879"></figure></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>You can create an additional custom method based on your own laboratory condititions or we can implement a standard method as part of the DHA extension at your request.If you request to implement another norm in the DHA Extension, please contact us at <a href="mailto:support@dataapex.com">support@dataapex.com</a>.The DHA Extension is optional and it can only be used together with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a>.Note that for more complex DHA calculations, Clarity DHA Extension should be complemented by specialized software (e.g. Dragon II DHA© - see the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/downloads/26175/view">D151 datasheet</a> for more details).The DHA Extension is an optional fully integrated addition to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity software</a>. It can be ordered as part of a new installation or as an extension to an existing one. There are two variants to this extension:<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Data_Apex_Clarity_DHA_Detailed_Hydrocarbon_Analysis_Extension_bc1e53cf67.jpg" alt="DataApex: DataApex Clarity DHA (Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis) Extension" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Data_Apex_Clarity_DHA_Detailed_Hydrocarbon_Analysis_Extension_bc1e53cf67.jpg 211w," sizes="100vw" width="1223" height="906"><h5>p/n A33</h5><ul><li>includes general ASTM-D6730 standard method and the possibility to create custom method.</li></ul><h5>p/n A331</h5><ul><li>includes additional methods developed by DANI Instruments S.p.A</li></ul><h3 data-start="49" data-end="78">Norms specification</h3><h4 data-start="80" data-end="102">ASTM D-6730</h4><ul data-start="103" data-end="302"><li data-start="103" data-end="127">Included in p/n A33.</li><li data-start="128" data-end="302">Standard Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100-Metre Capillary (with Precolumn) High-Resolution Gas Chromatography.</li></ul><h4 data-start="304" data-end="328">Custom Method</h4><ul data-start="329" data-end="441"><li data-start="329" data-end="353">Included in p/n A33.</li><li data-start="354" data-end="441">Allows you to create a custom method which meets the conditions in your laboratory.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Data_Apex_Clarity_DHA_Detailed_Hydrocarbon_Analysis_Extension_3_f5e659a432.jpg" alt="DataApex: DataApex Clarity DHA (Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis) Extension" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Data_Apex_Clarity_DHA_Detailed_Hydrocarbon_Analysis_Extension_3_f5e659a432.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1233" height="756"><h4>ASTM D-6730 by DANI</h4><ul data-start="478" data-end="578"><li data-start="478" data-end="535">Method by Dani Instruments SA with cryogenic cooling.</li><li data-start="536" data-end="578">Available only at Dani Instruments SA.</li></ul><h4 data-start="580" data-end="619">ASTM D 2421-02 and D 2598-02</h4><ul data-start="620" data-end="720"><li data-start="620" data-end="677">Method by Dani Instruments SA with cryogenic cooling.</li><li data-start="678" data-end="720">Available only at Dani Instruments SA.</li></ul><h4>Extension specification</h4><ul data-start="761" data-end="911"><li data-start="761" data-end="782">Part No.: A33</li><li data-start="783" data-end="911">Related products:<ul data-start="811" data-end="911"><li data-start="811" data-end="832"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a> (p/n C50)</li><li data-start="835" data-end="864"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1000">Clarity Offline</a> (p/n C59)</li><li data-start="867" data-end="911">GC or AS Control module (p/n A23 or A26)</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_DHA_Detailed_Hydrocarbon_Analysis_Extension_2_d15379bcdf.jpg" alt="DataApex: DataApex Clarity DHA - Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis Extension" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Clarity_DHA_Detailed_Hydrocarbon_Analysis_Extension_2_d15379bcdf.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1995" height="1182">

DataApex Clarity DHA (Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis) Extension

<h3>Introduction</h3>This document presents:<ul><li>a comparison of integration algorithms (IAs) available in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a>,</li><li>a generally proposed workflow for integrating chromatograms,</li><li>description of functions that are available only in the Wave algorithm.</li></ul>Integration algorithms are a crucial component of any chromatography software. They identify peaks in a raw chromatographic curve, assign integration marks (starts, ends, apexes), and determine the peak baseline. Although it is the operator's responsibility to verify the correct peak integration after the analysis is finished, an automated peak detection facilitated by the integration algorithm can significantly streamline the workflow.Clarity since version 9.0 offers two IAs: the original algorithm, renamed Legacy, and a newly introduced algorithm named Wave, which evolved from an experimental algorithm present since version 7.0. The Wave algorithm will be regularly updated with new functions, settings, and bug fixes (updates for Legacy will only be released if a critical bug is discovered). Changes in IAs are always versioned and distinguishable by records in the audit trail.<h3>Choosing an integration algorithm</h3>Users can select either the Legacy or Wave integration algorithm for peak detection. The IA drop-down selection has been relocated to the Integration tab in both the Chromatogram window and the Method Setup dialog, highlighting the interconnection between the algorithm and the integration table.The introduction of Wave does not affect existing results or methods, as they will remain set to Legacy unless manually altered. Suppose a method was created using an older version of any integration algorithm and was not changed after the Clarity update to a newer version. In that case, the latest version of the same algorithm will be used in any newly measured chromatograms. This change will be logged in these chromatograms upon creation. To address potential issues, DataApex aims to use the algorithm version with the most bug fixes. Users are not required to re-save their methods, but if they do, the change will be logged in the method audit trail.One way to apply an integration algorithm to multiple chromatograms simultaneously is through the Batch dialog (not applicable to Clarity Lite).<h3>General Comparison</h3>Neither algorithm can be universally deemed superior; some situations may warrant using one IA over the other. Below are some examples of performance differences between the two IAs. At least the Global Peak Width and Global Threshold operations were presumed to be performed on the signal. If you encounter any issues with either of the integration algorithms, please inform DataApex via <a>support@dataapex.com</a>. This datasheet further contains an overview of a basic integration workflow.<h4>Advantages of Wave IA:</h4><ul><li>Handling of negative spikes/peaks with regard to baseline placement.</li><li>Handling of shifting baseline/signal.</li><li>Separation of unresolved peaks.</li></ul><h4>Disadvantages of Wave IA:</h4><ul><li>More sensitive to noise, requiring the use of Bunching or another filter in some cases.</li><li>Incorrect integration when peaks of significantly different widths are present (typical for GPC or EA).</li></ul><h4>Negative spikes/peaks</h4>When a chromatogram contains significant negative peaks or spikes that should not be evaluated, the default integration in the Wave algorithm will produce satisfactory results, while the Legacy algorithm will not. (In Legacy, this problem could be solved by applying several Integration Intervals.)<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_4b4372d5b8.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 1. Integration by Legacy IA considers the negative spike to be the start of the peak (or peak cluster)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_4b4372d5b8.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1063" height="548"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_11_e51da3eb48.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 2. Integration by Wave IA with the same parameters." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_11_e51da3eb48.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1061" height="554"><h4>Shifting signal/baseline</h4>Similar to the negative peaks/spikes, the same situation may arise with a shifting baseline where the peaks should be evaluated to that baseline. Legacy IA will provide unsatisfactory integration. In Legacy, this could be solved by applying Baseline Valley to several places and combining them with Integration Interval.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_13_d44f34c303.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 3. Integration by Legacy IA." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_13_d44f34c303.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1064" height="551"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_14_8c3d2772fe.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 4. Integration by Wave IA with the same parameters. The fairly high number of peaks is caused by the low value of the Global Threshold." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_14_8c3d2772fe.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1062" height="553"><h4>Unresolved Peaks</h4>In Legacy IA, if a peak does not fulfill some criteria (it is too narrow or the valley to other non-resolved peaks is too low), it gets joined to a neighboring bigger peak. Meanwhile, Wave IA evaluates the valley depths much better and separates the peaks automatically, even when the small peak does not fulfill some of the criteria. Small impurities, thus, do not influence the area of the bigger peak of interest.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_10_49fded9390.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 5. Integration by Legacy IA." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_10_49fded9390.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1062" height="554"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_12_6d8d9a6980.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 6. Integration by Wave IA with the same parameters." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_12_6d8d9a6980.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1062" height="551"><h4>Significant noise</h4>In some cases, the signal noise may be very significant, and the set threshold value in the Wave algorithm will be so low that one peak will be split into several peaks. The example below shows that neither of the IAs is sufficient with just Global Peak Width and Global Threshold; additional operations must be used.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_9_e020e43a49.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 7. Integration by Legacy IA with the same parameters." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_9_e020e43a49.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1062" height="552"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_8_1b275412a8.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 8. Integration by Wave IA." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_8_1b275412a8.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1064" height="552"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_7_4071029dd3.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 9. Integration by Wave IA after applying Global Bunching. Sometimes, small peaks at the start/end of a bigger one may remain." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_7_4071029dd3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1061" height="550"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_6_ee88c557f1.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 10. Integration by Wave IA after applying Global Bunching and Minimal Area parameters." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_6_ee88c557f1.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1063" height="556"><h4>Peaks with significantly different peak widths</h4>Sometimes, chromatograms have very different peak widths; when some peaks cover a significant portion of the chromatogram (e.g., in EA or GPC), Wave IA may fail to evaluate the wide peaks properly. Currently, it is recommended to integrate these chromatograms using Legacy IA.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_3_b833975244.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 11. Integration by Legacy IA with the same parameters." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_3_b833975244.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1060" height="549"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_4_660685f241.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 12. Integration by Wave IA." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_4_660685f241.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1060" height="551"><h4>Peaks cut off in the middle</h4>Sometimes, random peaks get integrated strangely in Wave IA, being cut off. This happens only randomly in the Wave IA (in a series of chromatograms, most peaks are OK, but occasional chromatograms may have one or more peaks cut off). The phenomenon results from filtering the data in combination with the signal curve course. There is no 100% solution in the Wave algorithm (applying Global Bunching or other filters helps in most cases). Switching to Legacy IA helps.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_2_ce68c8dc99.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 13. Integration by Wave IA." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_2_ce68c8dc99.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1064" height="553"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_5_af9302130f.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 14. Integration by Wave IA after applying Global Bunching." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_5_af9302130f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1061" height="549"><h3>Basic integration workflow</h3>Setting at least the Integration Interval and global parameters before resorting to other operations is recommended. This strategy suffices for most chromatograms, and such integration is then applicable to all similar samples. The recommended order of operations is as follows (refer to the User Guide for a detailed description):<ol><li>Set Integration Interval(s) Some areas of the chromatograms are irrelevant to the analysis and may cause wrong integration of the rest of the chromatogram if left in operation, e.g., sudden steep signal rises/drops when lamps are switched on, mobile phase compositions suddenly changing, etc. Make sure that the Integration Interval operation does not define an interval starting or ending inside of a peak slope; in either IA, the expectation is that the chromatogram starts and ends on a baseline.</li><li>Set Global Peak Width If the chromatogram has peaks with significantly differing peak widths, applying the Local Peak Width operation may be useful later.</li><li>Use Global Bunching operation Global Bunching is calculated based on the chromatogram frequency and the set Global Peak Width, so it should be applied after setting the Global Peak Width.</li><li>Set Global Threshold Based on the Threshold value, the smallest peaks are omitted depending on the noise of the signal curve. Since Global Bunching acts as a signal filter, the automatically suggested Global Threshold value will differ after applying Global Bunching higher than 1.</li></ol><h3>Exclusive features in Wave IA</h3>Wave IA contains some Integration Table functions that are unavailable in Legacy IA. If these functions are present in the Integration Table, they will become invisible (not performed) when switching to the Legacy IA but will remain if the algorithm reverts to Wave.<h4>Peak – Show and Peak – Hide</h4>The Peak – Show and Peak – Hide functions provide a convenient way to manage the visibility of specific peaks in your data. These tools allow you to tailor your display by either showing or hiding specific peaks.By default, the Wave algorithm might automatically ignore some of the minor peaks identified during integration. However, completely eliminating these peaks could potentially affect the baseline's trajectory. Therefore, these functions offer a flexible way to handle unwanted peaks without completely removing them.Both the Peak – Show and Peak – Hide features are complemented by the Baseline – Lock function. This tool completely removes all peaks that have their maxima within a set time interval. This could affect other peaks with maxima outside the specified window, particularly if they share the same baseline.The Peak – Hide function has been designed within the Wave algorithm to address this. It merely hides peaks within the selected time interval instead of eradicating them. These peaks are considered when constructing a joint baseline but excluded from the final calculation and the Result Table. The counterpart function Peak - Show allows you to visualize a previously hidden peak or display peaks automatically hidden by the algorithm.In scenarios where a region of the chromatogram contains hidden peaks and the user executes the Peak – Add Positive/Negative operation, all automatically generated but concealed peaks within the defined time interval are replaced by the newly added peak. This could lead to the cancellation of hidden peaks in areas where the manually added peak is not displayed due to baseline crossing limitations.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_15_b934973f35.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 15. Difference between Peak Hide (left) and Baseline Lock (right)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_15_b934973f35.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1830" height="285"><h4>Global/Local Baseline Slope</h4>Automatic peak generation on a standard signal curve typically comprises three parts: Peak Start, Peak Apex, and Peak End. The highest signal point determines the location of Peak Apex. At the same time, the positioning of Peak Starts and Peak Ends can vary, potentially being either closer or farther from the Peak Apex, based on user preference. Different settings can be more effective depending on the situation.Before the introduction of the Wave IA, the automatic determination of Peak Starts and Peak Ends was governed by the instantaneous peak slope, calculated using the Global/Local Threshold parameter. If users wanted the automatically generated peak borders closer to the Peak Apex, they had to increase the Threshold value. However, this resulted in raising the detection limit for peaks on the baseline, which could prevent the identification of smaller peaks.Wave IA presents an alternative. It allows users to maintain their chosen Threshold value while separately defining the chromatographic curve slope for detecting Peak Starts and Peak Ends through the use of the Global Baseline Slope or Local Baseline Slope operations. This parameter is not mandatory; users can retain the original slope calculation method by leaving the Global Baseline Slope value set to 0. Any value other than zero will cause a shift in the positions of the Peak Starts and Peak Ends.You can find an approximate value for this function using the Chromatogram – Show Slope/Level function in the Chromatogram window menu. However, altering the Baseline Slope value may result in separating peak clusters into individual peaks or merging separate peaks, and some peaks may not be integrated at all.For specific alterations to the start and/or end positions of individual peaks, the Peak – Start and Peak – End operations remain useful. These functions override the automatically calculated positions for peak start and peak end.

Integration Algorithms in Clarity

<h4>Calculation of biodiesel composition can be done directly in Clarity</h4>This whitepaper explains how to calculate the content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and the linoleic acid methyl ester in biodiesel fuel according to ISO 14103 in Clarity. As stated in the norm, the content of FAME in biodiesel is greater than 90 % (m/m), while the content of the linoleic acid methyl ester is between 1 % and 15 % (m/m). The methyl esters in FAME should be between C14 and C24.<h4>Principle</h4>The determination of the content of FAME employs internal calibration (ISTD – methyl heptadecanoate). The ester content in m/m percent is calculated as:<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Determining_biodiesel_composition_according_to_ISO_14103_2_f900384c97.jpg" alt="DataApex: Determining biodiesel composition according to ISO 14103." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Determining_biodiesel_composition_according_to_ISO_14103_2_f900384c97.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1064" height="85">where 𝐶 is the ester content, ∑ 𝐴 is the total peak area of the methyl esters from C14 to C24, 𝐴ISTD is the peak area of the ISTD compound, 𝐶ISTD is the concentration of ISTD (in mg/ml), 𝑉ISTD is the volume of ISTD (in ml), 𝑚ISTD is the mass of ISTD (in mg), and 𝑚 is the mass of the sample (including ISTD mass; in mg).The linoleic acid methyl ester content in m/m percent is given as:<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Determining_biodiesel_composition_according_to_ISO_14103_3_1a356fc1f5.jpg" alt="DataApex: Determining biodiesel composition according to ISO 14103." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Determining_biodiesel_composition_according_to_ISO_14103_3_1a356fc1f5.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1064" height="85">where 𝐿 is the linoleic acid methyl ester content, ∑𝐴 is the total peak area of the methyl esters from C14 to C24, 𝐴ISTD is the peak area of ISTD, and 𝐴𝐿 is the peak area corresponding to the linoleic acid methyl ester.<h4>Preparing chromatogram and calibration</h4>After measuring your sample, open your chromatogram in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a>. Group the FAME peaks using the Peak Groups… function (menu Chromatogram – Peak). In the Groups dialog, set an ID, click Add, and select the corresponding peaks. In the example chromatogram (download link below), Group A (FAME) does not contain the ISTD peak – this simplifies the subsequent calculations.Create a new calibration and open the sample chromatogram as a standard. In the Calibration Options, change the Display Mode to ISTD and Mode to Recalibrate. Use the Add Peak function to add the ISTD (methyl heptadecanoate) peak and linoleic acid peak to the calibration. In the Amount column, write the known ISTD amount. To add the group of FAME peaks, use the Add Group function. Then, on the linoleic acid and FAME compound tabs, set the Calculate By option to the ISTD compound name. Save the calibration and link it to the sample chromatogram. To improve clarity, in the Common for All Signals pane, select the All Identified Peaks option in the Report in Result Table section.<h5>Procedure for calculation of FAME content</h5>The desired results can be calculated directly in Clarity using the User Columns: right click anywhere in the Result Table pane in the Results tab of the Chromatogram window and select User Columns – Add… in the context menu. In the Add User Column dialog, fill in the Title and Units (e.g. FAME in %) and uncheck the Calculate Total checkbox. The following expression can be used to calculate the FAME content, if the ISTD peak was not included in the FAME peak group:([FAME$Area] / [ISTD$Area]) * ([ISTD1 Amount] / ([Sample Amount] + [ISTD1 Amount]))*100If the ISTD peak was included in the FAME peak group, its area must be subtracted from the area of the FAME group:(([FAME$Area] - [ISTD$Area]) / [ISTD$Area]) * ([ISTD1 Amount] / ([Sample Amount] + [ISTD1 Amount]))*100<h5>Procedure for calculation of the linoleic acid methyl ester content</h5>Calculation of linoleic acid methyl ester content is analogous to calculation of the FAME content. Add another user column, fil in the Title and Units (e.g., Linoleic Acid in %) and uncheck the Calculate Total checkbox. If the ISTD peak was not included in the FAME peak group, the following expression can be used:[Linoleic acid$Area] / [FAME$Area]*100Analogously, if the ISTD peak was included in the FAME group, it must be subtracted:[Linoleic acid$Area] / ([FAME$Area] - [ISTD$Area])*100<h4>Example of an evaluated chromatogram</h4><h4>Sample data for Clarity</h4><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://downloads.dataapex.com/documentation/clarity/other/Biodiesel.zip">Biodiesel.zip</a> – zipped processed chromatogram and calibration.</li></ul>

Determining biodiesel composition according to ISO 14103

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