Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 2nd December 2024? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications by Agilent Technologies and Thermo Fisher Scientific, a poster from AOAC by Shimadzu, and a poster from ASMS by LECO!<h4>1. Agilent Technologies: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_terpene_cannabis_gc_fid_5994_7684en_agilent_1_2d2cf2f631.pdf">Fast Analysis of 22 Terpenes in Hemp and Cannabis with the Agilent 9000 Intuvo GC with FID using Hydrogen Carrier Gas</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>AbstractThis application note describes the procedure for the analysis of 22 common terpenes in cannabis and hemp using the Agilent Intuvo gas chromatograph (GC) and flame ionization detector (FID), with hydrogen carrier gas, and post column backflush. The GC injection‑to‑injection cycle time was 10 minutes allowing for six samples per hour. A group of 1,200 hemp samples were analyzed to test the robustness of the method, and to determine a maintenance schedule.IntroductionTerpenes are the main flavor and aromatic components of cannabis and hemp. Strains can be identified by their specific fingerprint for these terpenes. The abundance of particular terpenes may also indicate the character and usefulness of a particular strain. This identification also allows cultivators to monitor the consistency of their particular strains from one crop to the next, and to maintain better quality control. With ever‑increasing varieties of cannabis flowers and the number of individual tests performed, the overall speed of analysis time has become more important.Helium has been used as the carrier gas for most GC analyses. Recent limitations on its availability have added to the cost of testing. This application focuses on a fast and robust analysis of 22 of the most common terpenes found for strain identification, as well as providing information for labeling purposes. This application utilizes hydrogen carrier gas with flame ionization detection (FID) to help shorten the analysis time and therefore, keep the cost per sample down.ConclusionThis method proved to be a very robust, high throughput method with a GC cycle time of only 10 minutes (6 samples/hour). This study showed that the regular maintenance of changing liners, septa, and Guard Chips when needed, maintained retention time and curve stability. The use of backflushing helped keep the Guard Chip and inlet cleaner and minimized maintenance.All calibration curves showed great linear response across the concentration range, through all 12 calibration standards, as seen in Figure 3.Reminders can be set up using counters to alert the analyst when maintenance is needed according to the user's desired sample load. Being careful to install the liner in the same fashion helps to keep the tolerance of the CCV results within the ± 20% limits. It is noted and shown in Figure 4 that there may be additional terpenes present in samples that are not covered by the terpenes in the standards for this application. If this is of concern, a more encompassing standard may be used. Also, using a mass spectral detector may be more beneficial for the application.2 Other matrices may require a revised maintenance schedule.<h4>2. LECO / <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/296">ASMS</a>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/NIST_LIBRARY_MATCH_QUALITY_HRT_MMS_CF_ASMS_24_LPSS_320_90d3c6e8c9.pdf">Evaluation of the NIST Library Matching Quality of Mass Spectra Generated by the GC-HR-TOFMS with Multi-Mode Ionization Source</a></h4><ul><li>Poster (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/296">ASMS</a>)</li></ul>IntroductionComparison of electron ionization spectra against standardized libraries is a staple approach to compound identification in non-targeted GC-MS analysis. High-quality matches are central to the pace of, and confidence in, such analyses. Recent developments in gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry have progressed non-targeted analysis applications to a wide variety of studies. However, modern ion-optical design principles which allow gains in sensitivity and resolving power may inadvertently alter fragmentation patterns, which may in turn affect the reliability of automated comparisons against standard libraries. Thus, thorough evaluation and validation of the high-quality spectra matching to the standard libraries, like NIST, is necessary for comprehensive assessment of the promised benefits of new technologies.ConclusionsThis multi-mode ionization source, as assessed using these 207 diverse analytes, generates fragmentation patterns which align very well with the NIST spectral library. Across all analytes in standard solutions, the mean library match score was 935 and the standard deviation for this value was 24.2. Mean match scores were agreeable regardless of moieties present. Percent differences for MRPS #2 spiked into a Pu’er Tea and MRPS #8 spiked into a dietary supplement were - 3.75 % and -1.44 %, illustrating how the system can easily maintain spectral confidence even in complex matrices. Overall, this study suggests the electron ionization mode of this multi-mode ion source, in combination with its high-resolution time of flight mass analyzer, yields spectra in excellent agreement with the quadruple dominated NIST library.<h4>3. Shimadzu / <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/292">AOAC</a>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/aoac_2024_1_m034_5346b45c51.pdf">Qualification and Quantification of Residual Pesticides in Ginger by GCMS using Simultaneous Ultra-fast Scan and SIM</a></h4><ul><li>Poster (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/292">AOAC</a>)</li></ul>IntroductionInterest in food safety has grown, resulting in a trend of tightening global regulations for residual pesticides in produce. Selected Ion monitoring (SIM) in GC/MS is a common technique used for pesticide analysis while Scan mode is often used in non-targeted screening.This study demonstrates a SIM analysis of pesticides, including calibration and repeatability in ginger root matrix. In addition to targeted analysis, in this work we performed simultaneous untargeted analysis with Ultra-fast Scan analysis, maximizing the use of the GCMS-QP2050. NIST library search results are shown for untargeted components.ConclusionThe GCMS-QP2050 demonstrates sensitivity and reproducibility in analyzing pesticides in produce using SIM data obtained from simultaneous Scan/SIM analysis. Ultra-fast scan supports accurate identification of target compounds alongside SIM analysis without interference. Scan results provide MS spectrum patterns for identifying unknown compounds, assisting in non-target screening.<h4>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_002549_gc_ms_hesaver_h2safer_epa_1668_pcbs_an002549_na_en_4b122a7fbb.pdf">Environmental analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at reduced running costs using hydrogen as carrier gas</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>GoalThe aim of this application note is to compare the performance of the Thermo Scientific™ TSQ™ 9610 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled to the Thermo Scientific™ TRACE ™ 1610 GC with hydrogen versus helium as the carrier gas for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls. For guidance on the analytical performance of the proposed method, acceptance criteria as per U.S. EPA Method 1668 were considered.IntroductionPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of industrial organic chemicals consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine atoms. Due to their non-flammability, chemical stability, high boiling point, and electrical insulating properties, PCBs were used in hundreds of industrial and commercial applications including electrical, hydraulic equipment, plasticizers, plastics, rubber products, and dyes. The production of these compounds has been banned in the United States since 19771 because of their persistence in the environment and their tendency to enter the food chain and bioaccumulate in living organisms due to their lipophilicity.There are currently 209 known PCBs congeners that can be divided into two groups according to their structural and toxicological characteristics:<ul><li>Non-dioxin-like PCBs (non-DL-PCBs), which represent the majority of the PCB congeners, are characterized by a lower degree of toxicity.</li><li>Dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) include the 12 most toxic congeners (non‐ortho PCBs 77, 81, 126, 169 and mono‐ortho PCBs 105, 114, 118, 123, 156, 157, 167, 189), which have structures and toxicities similar to dioxins.</li></ul>DL-PCBs are classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and they have been regulated under the Stockholm Convention for POPs since 2001.2 Following the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) developed an analytical method, U.S. EPA Method 1668 and following revisions3 that can be applied for the determination of PCBs in wastewater, surface waters, soil, sediments, biosolids, and tissue matrices using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS).3 However, recent advances in gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry allow for high sensitivity and selectivity, leading to the consideration of GC-MS/MS as a reliable tool for PCBs analysis.This application note reproduces the experiments described in a previously published application note,4 where polychlorinated biphenyls were analyzed using helium carrier gas. Here, helium was replaced by hydrogen. Additionally, the Thermo Scientific™ HeSaver-H2Safer™ carrier gas saving technology was applied. HeSaver-H2Safer technology offers a unique solution for laboratories to minimize carrier gas consumption during both standby and operational modes. When helium is used as carrier gas, the consumption can be drastically reduced without any changes to the analytical method or deterioration of performance. However, the Split-Splitless (SSL) injector modified to work in the HeSaver-H2 Safer mode can be used also in conjunction with hydrogen as a carrier gas, where the limited and fixed carrier gas flow allows for safe usage without the need to install additional sensors. At the same time, the hydrogen gas consumption is equally reduced and will lead to further cost savings, allowing laboratories to run their instrumentation longer on a single gas tank or using gas generators.SummaryThe HeSaver-H2Safer inlet allows laboratories full flexibility to select the carrier gas of choice between helium and hydrogen, while achieving a significant reduction of the consumption. With a simple upgrade to the standard Thermo Scientific™ iConnect SSL injector, the HeSaver-H2Safer inlet allows for the use of an inert and inexpensive gas for inlet pressurization, whereas the main carrier gas flow is limited to the column flow only.<ul><li>The use of hydrogen as carrier gas has been demonstrated as an alternative to helium for the analysis of PCBs, reducing the overall cost of running the laboratory.</li><li>The use of the HeSaver-H2Safer inlet reduces the amount of hydrogen going into the gas chromatography system such that safe operation is assured anytime, and no hydrogen sensor is needed inside the GC oven.</li><li>Hydrogen did not affect the linearity range; all compounds showed a linear response from 0.1 to 2000 ppb, with avarage R 2 &gt;0.999.</li><li>The TSQ 9610 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer provided excellent IDLs with hydrogen carrier gas, comparable to those obtained with helium.</li><li>The variation of ion ratios was less than 12% for all PCBs at 0.05 ppb.</li></ul>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 49, 2024

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 9th December 2024? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications and other documents by Agilent Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and Shimadzu!<h4>1. Shimadzu: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/c146_e456_89137ab83b.pdf">Smart Metabolites Database Ver. 2</a></h4><ul><li>Brochure</li></ul>Supporting food development with newly added sugars and functional compoundsThe Smart Metabolites Database ™ is a GC-MS(/MS) database that contains the information needed for analyzing metabolic compounds. Ver. 2 contains an additional number of registered compounds, focusing on plant secondary metabolites, such as catechins and chlorogenic acids, that are garnering interest as functional compounds, for more expansive analysis of food samples. In total, the Smart Metabolites Database Ver. 2 enables simultaneous analysis of more than 600 compounds, making it a powerful tool for marker discovery in metabolomics analysis.The database also offers dedicated methods for fatty acids, and sugars and provides total support for metabolic compound analysis.This database was developed through guidance from the Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, the Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Hyogo College of Medicine and Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University. Part of this database was obtained as a result of development work related to the project for "Development of fundamental technologies for promoting industrial application of human stem cells and development of fundamental evaluation technologies for practical application of human stem cells" commissioned by Japan's New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).<ul><li>Automated, Highly Sensitive Detection of Metabolic Compounds by MRM Measurement</li><li>Time and Labor Savings</li><li>Offers Quantitative Sugar Analysis</li><li>Total Support for Food Metabolomics Analysis</li></ul><h4>2. Agilent Technologies: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_catalytic_ammonia_cracking_990_micro_gc_5994_7904en_agilent_63738c6157.pdf">Catalytic Ammonia Cracking: Reaction Monitoring Using the Agilent 990 Micro GC System</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>AbstractAmmonia (NH3) decomposition facilitates hydrogen production. Monitoring the reactants and contaminants of ammonia decomposition, including NH3, H2, N2, and H2O, is highly important for catalytic performance as well as activity measurements. In this work, an Agilent 990 Micro GC system configured with an Agilent CP‑Molsieve channel and an Agilent CP‑Volamine channel is demonstrated to analyze NH3, H2, N2, and H2O across a wide concentration range. Notably, the analysis can be completed within one minute. The method's performance, including repeatability, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and carryover was evaluated, and the results were satisfactory.IntroductionNH3 has tremendous potential as a clean liquid fuel. NH3 may play an essential role in the decarbonization of hard‑to‑abate sectors, such as shipping, power generation, and heavy‑duty transportation, which will accelerate the global journey to net zero and facilitate sustainable development.1 Composed entirely of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3 itself can be employed as an energy source with the potential for zero "tailpipe" carbon emissions. NH3 can also be catalytically decomposed to its constituent elements as a convenient way to transport and store clean hydrogen.2The ammonia decomposition reaction (2NH3 &amp; N2 + 3H2) facilitates hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2) production. Each mole of NH3 generates two moles of gas (0.5 mol N2, 1.5 mol H2), creating a self‑dilution effect. As a result, a reactor at 50% conversion with an ultrahigh purity NH3 feed will create an effluent stream containing only 33% NH3. Therefore, the conversion must be calculated using Equation 1.Failure to calculate conversion using Equation 1 may lead to erroneous measurements of catalytic performance and can inflate the perceived activity (for example, 50 versus 67% conversion).With the constant improvement of emission‑free, high‑energy‑density, ammonia‑based power solutions, there is a pressing need for monitoring reactants and contaminants. Monitoring devices should be capable of measuring the required components (NH3, H2, N2, and H2O) over a wide concentration range. Furthermore, these devices should have a short response time, be inert towards reactants, and, if possible, be able to monitor multiple reactor systems or lines.For this work, a 990 Micro GC system was used to measure NH3, H2, N2, and H2O simultaneously. While the analysis of N2 and H2 using a Molsieve column in gas chromatography is well established, the methods for analyzing water and ammonia are less developed.In previous studies, the basic analysis of NH3 (up to concentrations of 20%) was demonstrated using a CP‑Volamine channel. In a six‑month robustness test, the 990 Micro GC system and the CP‑Volamine analytical channel both proved to be effective and durable over an extended period of time.3 The J&amp;W CP‑Volamine column used in the channel is a relatively nonpolar column that is highly effective for the analysis of NH3 or other polar components. A unique deactivation process is applied during manufacturing, which gives higher quality peak shapes for NH3 compared to other column chemistries or deactivation processes. Higher quality peak symmetry can lead to lower detection limits, higher precision, and improved accuracy. The goal of this study was to demonstrate that the 990 Micro GC system can effectively analyze 100% NH3 without compromising performance or robustness.ConclusionThis application note demonstrates the capabilities of an Agilent 990 Micro GC system for monitoring NH3, N2, H2, and H2O in the feed and product streams of ammonia cracking reactors. The system has been shown to be effective across a wide range of concentrations.This two‑channel configuration used a 15 m Agilent CP‑Volamine straight channel and a 10 m Agilent CP‑Molsieve backflush channel, performing exceptionally well for NH3, N2, and H2.The system was equipped with a stream selection valve (SSV), allowing easy switching between the bulk ammonia source, the low concentration reformate side of the reactor, and the calibration gas flows. The SSV also makes it possible to monitor multiple reactors with a single instrument and is amenable to high‑throughput or piloting studies.This 990 Micro GC setup has demonstrated exceptional repeatability and linearity, a rapid cycle time (&lt; 1 minute), and a robustness towards ammonia as a bulk sample.<h4>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/sl_003311_gc_vacuum_probe_interlock_nevervent_food_beverage_sl003311_na_en_529ea8c8af.pdf">How NeverVent technology enables consistent uptime for continued lab operation</a></h4><ul><li>Technical note</li></ul>Benefit summary<ul><li>Eliminates unnecessary downtime</li><li>Maintains productivity</li><li>Simplifies maintenance</li><li>Enables disruption-free ionization type change</li><li>Increases ROI</li></ul>What is NeverVent technology and how does it work?Thermo Scientific™ NeverVent ™ technology is unique to Thermo Fisher Scientific’s GC-MS products. It allows for routine maintenance, exchange of ionization mode, and direct probe work to be performed without the need to break the vacuum of the mass spectrometer:<ul><li>Removing/replacing the ionization source: Utilizing the vacuum probe interlock (VPI) in combination with an isolation valve, the ionization source can be removed the from the system without venting the MS. The source can either be cleaned or replaced with a spare clean source, and samples can be run without long stabilization times which would be required if the system was vented.</li><li>Changing ionization type: Using the VPI, the ionization source can be replaced with a different type of ionization source, for example, switching from Electron Ionization (EI) to Chemical ionization (CI) within a few minutes.</li><li>Using direct sampling probes: The VPI also allows the use of direct probes on some NeverVent GC-MS systems. This enables direct sampling into the MS system, bypassing the GC separation, and is useful in compound characterization and when analyzing very difficult to volatilize samples like oils or metal complexes.</li><li>Changing the GC column without venting: When performing common column maintenance like trimming, or replacing the column entirely, the V-Lock Source Plug allows the MS to be sealed off from inside the manifold. Columns can be exchanged or maintained without ever breaking vacuum.</li></ul>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 50, 2024

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 6th January 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications and other documents by Agilent Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and Shimadzu!<h4>1. Shimadzu: GC-MS-Based Evaluation of Fatty Acid Composition in Microalgae</h4><ul><li>Application</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ap_aplnote106_en_a5170916d8.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Given the urgent need to mitigate climate change and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, there has been a substantial increase in research and development efforts focused on the production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) from microalgae. As the fatty acids contained in microalgae are used as raw materials for SAF, the standardization of analytical methods for these fatty acids is imperative for accurately evaluating the potential of microalgae as a SAF source. This paper introduces a case study in which we validated an analytical method for fatty acids in microalgae biomass using the GCMS-TQ TM 8040 NX, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer capable of high-resolution and high-sensitivity detection.<h5>GC-MS Analysis Methods</h5>GCMS-TQ8040 NX (Fig. 3A) was employed for FAME analyses. The detailed analytical condition is shown in Table 2. Retention times of target compounds were predicted using the Smart Metabolites Database (Fig. 3B) based on the retention indices of n-alkanes, and the analysis method was automatically created. Quantification of FAMEs was performed using Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix (Sigma-Aldrich). All values are presented as mean ±SD.<h5>Conclusion</h5>This application note presented a comparative validation of fatty acid analysis methods for microalgae using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer GCMS-TQ8040 NX. Our results from conventional fatty acid analysis, which involved an extraction process, showed that the quantity of fatty acids detected in microalgae was influenced by the type and ratio of extraction solvents. Additionally, since optimal conditions differ among microalgal species, consideration of extraction solvents is necessary in analyses involving extraction processes. In contrast, the in situ analysis without an extraction process was found to result in lower fatty acid detection compared to the extraction-based method, indicating that further improvements are needed.<h4>2. Agilent Technologies:&nbsp;Hydrocarbon Class Analysis of Conventional and Synthetic Aviation Turbine Fuels by ASTM D8396</h4><ul><li>Application</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_aviation_turbine_fuels_astm_d8396_5994_7929en_agilent_7d0fe51745.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Flow-modulated GCxGC-FID using the Agilent Reverse Flow Modulator and 8890 GC.This application note demonstrates the performance of the Agilent Reversed Flow Modulator (RFM) and Agilent 8890 GC through molecular group-type analysis of aviation turbine fuel and synthetic aviation turbine fuel (SATF) by comprehensive multidimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GCxGC-FID) per ASTM D8396. Method precision was explored using both hydrogen and helium carrier gases and yielded quantitative precision below 1.0 %RSD for 39 out of 42 compounds and 42 out of 42 compounds, respectively, across 10 consecutive replicate injections of a gravimetric standard. GCxGC data analysis was conducted using GC Image – GCxGC Edition, and the demonstration of reconciling GCxGC peak movement using GC Image's affine transformation capabilities is also highlighted. Finally, the method is used to show the group-type quantification of a reference jet fuel, an HEFA and an FT-SPK SATF, two kerosene reference materials, and a diesel-FAMEs blend.<h5>Experimental</h5>An 8890 GC was configured with an Agilent 7693A autosampler, split/splitless (SSL) inlet, RFM, and two flame ionization detectors (FID). The second FID is an optional but highly recommended addition and was connected to the outlet of the restrictor column to actively monitor and ensure that the modulation channel was not overfilled during the run. To facilitate modulation, the RFM was paired with a pneumatic switching device (PSD) connected to the carrier gas supply. Both the hydrogen and helium carrier methods used a "reverse column configuration". The first-dimension column was a mid-polar DB-17, and the second-dimension column was a non-polar DB-1HT. The DB-17 was chosen over a more-polar phase (such as a polyethylene glycol "wax" phase) for its robustness and ability to elute heavier polyaromatic species at lower temperatures. The DB-1HT was manually cut to a length of 5.00 m from an original length of 30 m. Both the hydrogen and helium carrier methods used uncoated deactivated fused silica with an internal diameter of 0.10 mm cut to lengths of 1.99 and 2.64 m, respectively, as the restrictor column. Detailed instrument configurations and method parameters can be found in Table 1, and a picture and flow schematic of the RFM is shown in Figure 2.ConclusionAn Agilent 8890 GC configured with an Agilent Reversed Flow Modulator has been demonstrated as a simple, precise, and robust GCxGC flow modulator through the application of ASTM D8396 using both hydrogen and helium carrier. Identification of marker compounds and delineation between molecular classes was achieved using the template-based identification protocol within GC Image. Group-based quantification was demonstrated for conventional jet fuel, SATF as FT-SPK and HEFA-SPK, kerosene, and a diesel-FAME blend. A precision study was conducted with 10 consecutive replicate injections of a gravimetric mixture and showed quantitative precision of less than 1.0 %RSD for practically all 42 compounds over a concentration range of 0.50 to 5.50% mass. The exceptional retention time repeatability from Agilent's 6th-generation EPC technology combined with GC Image's advanced and intuitive image transformation capabilities establishes the foundation for long-term success with D8396 and future GCxGC test methods.<h4>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Sensitive and cryogen-free analysis of epichlorohydrin and other VOCs in drinking water by using In-Tube Extraction Dynamic Headspace (ITEX-DHS) sampling coupled to GC-MS</h4><ul><li>Application</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_003503_gc_ms_itex_dhs_vocs_an003503_na_en_f9e523f52a.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The aim of this study is to demonstrate the suitability of In-Tube Extraction Dynamic Headspace (ITEX-DHS) for the analysis of very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and epichlorohydrin (ECH) in drinking water, when coupled to a cryogen-free refocusing into a programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) injector.<h5>Instrumentation</h5>A Thermo Scientific™ TriPlus™ RSH SMART autosampler2 equipped with an ITEX-DHS tool was coupled to a Thermo Scientific™ TRACE ™ 1610 GC, configured with a Thermo Scientific™ iConnect™ programmed temperature vaporizer (iConnect-PTV) injector, and a Thermo Scientific™ ISQ™ 7610 single quadrupole mass spectrometer. The PTV injector was equipped with a liner packed with Tenax TA (P/N 45312145-UI), suitable for a cryogen-free refocusing of the most volatile compounds.Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Thermo Scientific™ TraceGOLD™ TG-624 SilMS, 60 m × 0.25 mm × 1.4 μm column (P/N 26085-3330). This column provided high inertness and thermal stability with maximum temperatures up to 320 °C. The phase thickness makes this column ideal for volatile organics analysis. Helium was used as carrier gas, providing high chromatographic efficiency and inertness.<h5>Conclusions</h5>The results of these experiments demonstrate that the In-Tube Extraction Dynamic Headspace (ITEX-DHS) coupled to the ISQ 7610 GC-MS system equipped with an iConnect PTV injector provides an ideal solution for analytical science laboratories monitoring critical contaminants in drinking water.<ul><li>Dynamic headspace is a convenient solventless extraction and enrichment technique for VVOCs, VOCs, and ECH in drinking water with almost no sample preparation required.</li><li>The ITEX-DHS sampling technology offers a robust and powerful enrichment of volatiles, removing typical issues involved when purging the aqueous samples and allowing for equivalent limits of detection to the P&amp;T sampling technique.</li><li>The ITEX-DHS sampling technology coupled to a Tenax TA packed liner and PTV injector allows for analyte trapping and refocusing prior to column transfer so that improved peak shapes for the early eluting compounds can be achieved.</li><li>The ITEX-DHS enrichment capability combined with SIM acquisitions allows for sensitive analysis of ECH and other VOCs with limits of detection in the low ppt range (from 2 to 220 ng/L) ensuring adequate performance to meet the thresholds set by the current EU regulation.</li><li>The reliability of the entire workflow (analyte extraction, enrichment, injection, and data acquisition) was demonstrated with absolute peak area repeatability &lt;14% over n=10 injections of matrix-matched standards spiked at 0.25 μg/L.</li><li>The integrated control for both autosampler and GC-MS in a single CDS ensures a streamlined automated workflow from sample extraction to sequence set up, data acquisition, and reporting.</li></ul>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 2, 2025

Natural gas has emerged as one of the most important energy sources in the world. Its abundant availability, low carbon emissions, and versatility have made it a preferred choice for a wide range of applications, including power generation, heating, and transportation. However, ensuring the safety, quality, and efficiency of natural gas requires accurate and reliable analysis. This is where natural gas analysers play a pivotal role.Natural gas analysers are advanced instruments designed to measure and analyse the composition and properties of natural gas. They provide valuable insights into key parameters such as the concentration of different gases, calorific value, impurities, and other relevant characteristics. This information is crucial for various stakeholders in the natural gas industry, including producers, distributors, regulators, and end-users.The primary function of a natural gas analyser is to determine the composition of the gas mixture. Natural gas is not a homogeneous substance; its composition varies from source to source and even within a single source. The major components of natural gas are methane (CH4), along with smaller amounts of ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10), and traces of other hydrocarbons. Additionally, natural gas can contain impurities such as nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and water vapor (H2O).Accurate measurement and monitoring of these components are critical for several reasons. First and foremost, the composition of natural gas affects its energy content and thus its value as a fuel. The calorific value, commonly expressed in British Thermal Units (BTU) per cubic foot or megajoules per cubic meter, indicates the heating capacity of the gas. This information is essential for determining pricing, evaluating the performance of gas-fired equipment, and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. Moreover, the presence of impurities in natural gas can have significant consequences. For instance, high levels of CO2 can lower the energy content and increase the corrosion potential of the gas. H2S is a highly toxic gas that poses safety risks and can corrode pipelines and equipment. Therefore, accurate measurement and continuous monitoring of these impurities are vital for maintaining safety, protecting infrastructure, and complying with environmental regulations.Natural gas analysers employ various techniques to perform these measurements. The most commonly used methods include gas chromatography, infrared absorption, and mass spectrometry.<h5>Analyzer - Model Description / Published Method(s)</h5><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/NGAA_66dab6b6f7.pdf">Natural Gas A</a> - Single Channel Natural Gas Analyzer / ASTM D1945, GPA2261 (He/H2 not included)</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/NGA_B_QRG_1_a6d11b801e.pdf">Natural Gas B</a> - Dual Channel Natural Gas Analyzer / ASTM D1945, GPA2261 (He/H2 not included)</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/NGA_C_QRG_e66a58a952.pdf">Natural Gas C</a> - Extended Natural Gas Analyzer / GPA 2286 (He/H2 included)</li><li>Natural Gas D - Three Channel Bespoke Extended Natural Gas Analyzer / ASTM D1945, GPA2261, GPA 2286 (He/H2 included)</li></ul>Gas chromatography is particularly popular due to its high accuracy and versatility. It separates gas components based on their different affinities for a stationary phase, allowing for precise quantification.<h3>Hydrogen/Helium Separation</h3>These analysers are typically equipped with advanced sensors, detectors, and software algorithms to ensure accurate and reliable measurements. They are capable of operating in different gas streams, handling a wide range of pressures and temperatures, and providing real-time data. Analysers even offer remote monitoring and control capabilities, enabling operators to access and analyse data from anywhere, at any time.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Chrom_Solutions_Hydrogen_Helium_Separation_ae018cb09f.jpg" alt="ChromSolutions: Hydrogen/Helium Separation" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Chrom_Solutions_Hydrogen_Helium_Separation_ae018cb09f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="885" height="346">Natural gas analysers find applications across the entire natural gas value chain. During exploration and production, analysers help in assessing the composition and quality of natural gas reserves. In transmission and distribution, they ensure the proper functioning of gas pipelines and measure the gas quality at different stages. Gas utility companies utilize analysers to monitor the gas composition and ensure compliance with safety standards. Similarly, industrial users rely on analysers to optimize their processes and maintain the efficiency of gas-fired equipment.<h3>C1 - C15 Separation</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Chrom_Solutions_C1_C15_Separation_e47072962e.jpg" alt="ChromSolutions: C1 - C15 Separation" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Chrom_Solutions_C1_C15_Separation_e47072962e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="916" height="363"><h3>Conclusion</h3>Natural gas analyzers are indispensable tools for the accurate and reliable determination of the components present and can provide other useful information such as corrosion issues and calorific values.<blockquote><h4>ChromSolutions Ltd</h4>Over 110 years of expertise in analytical instrumentation. Independent advice for analyser selection. Clear recommendations and comprehensive training. ChromSolutions offers reliable guidance and support for your analyser purchase, installation and operational journey.</blockquote>

Natural Gas Overview Quick Reference Guide

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 13th January 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications and other documents by Agilent Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and Shimadzu!<h4>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_7000_mrm_toxicology_asms_2024_wp810_en_agilent_b9f153ff37.pdf">HERAtech Laboratories satisfies growing water-analysis demand and reduces costs using workflow automation</a></h4><ul><li>Case study</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/28639">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>“Automation is fundamental because thirteen analysts are not enough to cope with our increase in samples. The automated approach we use allows for method consolidation with the analysis of PAHs and pesticides in a single GC run. Additionally, the possibility to perform sample extraction automatically, followed by online GC-MS/MS analysis, offers a significant reduction of labor spent and a significant reduction in solvent consumption.”Dr. Paolo Morelli, Laboratory Manager, HERAtech S.r.l., Sasso Marconi (BO), Italy“It’s necessary to evaluate every possible marginal gain on every single process in the workflow to remove any bottlenecks. The bottleneck that Thermo Fisher Scientific has helped us solve is huge for sample preparation for pesticides and in particular for PAHs by eliminating manual SPE.”Dr. Paolo Morelli, Laboratory Manager, HERAtech S.r.l., Sasso Marconi (BO), Italy<blockquote><h5>Analytical system used at HERAtech for automated determination of pesticides and PAHs in water samples</h5><ul><li>TriPlus RSH SMART autosampler</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ TRACE ™ 1610 Series gas chromatograph with Thermo Scientific™ iConnect™ Programmable Temperature Vaporizing (PTV) injector module for large-volume injection</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ TSQ™ 9610 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer</li></ul></blockquote>“The key aspect of this automated solution is an analytical system capable of carrying out automatically, in a fully unattended way, all the extraction phases of the LLE protocol using microvolumes.”Dr. Paolo Morelli, Laboratory Manager, HERAtech S.r.l., Sasso Marconi (BO), Italy“We made significant investments focused on automation in terms of instruments that allow us to analyze more analytes in one run. In particular, we aimed to consolidate different methods into a single method and provide as many analytical measurements as possible with a single machine. Our goal was simultaneous analysis of 70 analytes including pesticides and PAHs, with quantification limits between 0.0005 μg/L (0.5 ng/L) and 0.02 μg/L.”Dr. Paolo Morelli, Laboratory Manager, HERAtech S.r.l., Sasso Marconi (BO), Italy“Only two solvents are necessary to perform automated DLLME, and the much lower volumes offer significant cost savings. The sample volume required is much lower, reducing logistic costs of transportation and storage.”Dr. Paolo Morelli, Laboratory Manager, HERAtech S.r.l., Sasso Marconi (BO), Italy<h4>2. Agilent Technologies/ASMS: A Triple Quadrupole GC/MS MRM Database for Forensic and Toxicological Workflows</h4><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/27204">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Systematic toxicological analysis in forensic investigation demands continuous adaptability to an ever-evolving toxicant landscape.The three main challenges are:<ol><li>low concentrations of the toxicants</li><li>an ever-growing number of analytes to be monitored and quantitated</li><li>the limitations in obtaining analytical standards for every chemical.</li></ol>For the volatile compounds, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is the method of choice when analyzing forensic drugs and toxicants [1, 2]. GC/MS forensic toxicological workflow greatly benefits from selectivity and sensitivity of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach enabled with triple quadrupole GC/MS (GC/TQ).The aim of this work was to develop an MRM database to help toxicological researchers build screening and quantitation methods simplifying method development.The database of MRM transitions for relevant toxicants was established and successfully applied to creating GC/TQ methods for analyzing real-world authentic samples with greater sensitivity and confidence than the conventional GC/MS approach. The database will be available for download starting July 2024.<h4>3. Shimadzu: GC/GC-MS Glass Insert/Liner Selection Guide</h4><ul><li>Guide</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/26962">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>In a gas chromatograph, the sample is injected into the column via the injection unit. A glass insert / liner is used to vaporize the sample more efficiently, and to inject the vaporized sample into the column with no unnecessary dispersion. Additionally, using a glass insert reduces the extent to which contaminants such as high boiling point compounds from the sample contaminate the injection unit. Accordingly, selecting a glass insert appropriate for the objective heightens the accuracy of analysis and leads to more reliable results.When selecting a glass insert, various selection standards are used depending on the application. For example, the following cases can be cited as selection standards for glass inserts.&nbsp;<ul><li>What type of injection unit is used? What sample injection method is used during analysis?</li><li>Is the glass insert filled with wool (glass wool)? What shape is the glass insert?</li><li>What are the dimensions of the glass insert?</li><li>Is surface treatment of the glass insert necessary?</li></ul>Glass inserts with a variety of specifications are commercially available to suit these varied selection criteria, so selecting a glass insert can be daunting.This selection guide describes how to select an appropriate glass insert for the objective/application as well as points to consider in accordance with elements of the glass insert configuration. Additionally, this guide introduces glass inserts appropriate for your Shimadzu GC system.

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 3, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 20th January 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications and other documents by Shimadzu, Agilent Technologies and Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h4>1. Shimadzu Corporation: Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Water Using Trap-Headspace-GCMS in Accordance with US EPA Method 8260D Criteria</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/28645">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>Using trap-headspace-GCMS as an alternative technique to purge-and-trap with GCMS in accordance with US EPA Method 8260D criteria for the analysis of VOCs in water matrix.</li><li>Capability of analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at very low limit of quantitation, as low as 0.5 ng/mL.</li></ul><h5>Introduction</h5>According to United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), volatiles organic compounds (VOCs) are defined as compounds with high vapor pressure that can easily evaporate into gases. Improper dumping of waste or industrial leachates contaminates underground water. This contaminated water exposes humans to VOCs in their daily lives. Each VOC poses different exposure risk based on its individual constituents. To protect human health and the environment, the US EPA developed Method 8260D1) to identify and quantify VOCs in water using single quadrupole GCMS.Purge-and-trap is a common sampling technique for this application. However, in this study, Shimadzu’s Trap-Headspace system is utilized as an alternative sampling technique and is evaluated against EPA 8260D criteria. VOCs sampled from the headspace are concentrated in a trap before being injected into the GC, providing high sensitivity in the analysis. The headspace system, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=6&amp;mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=HS-20+NX">HS-20 NX</a> (Trap Model), also features heated and inert sample lines with a short transfer line to suppress analytes adsorption. In this application news, the HS-20 NX (Trap Model) is coupled with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=3&amp;mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=QP2020+NX">Shimadzu GCMS-QP2020 NX</a> (Fig. 1) to achieve high sensitivity in VOCs in water analysis.<h5>Conclusion</h5>The analysis results unequivocally validate the concept of using trap-headspace system as a viable pretreatment method for further exploration and application for the US EPA Method 8260D.<h4>2.&nbsp;Agilent Technologies: Analysis of Sulfides, Formaldehyde, and Organic Halides in High-Purity Hydrogen for Fuel Cell Vehicles</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/28649">Full PDF for download</a></li><li>Using an Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890">8890 GC</a>/<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8355">8355 SCD</a>/<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=5977">5977 MSD System</a></li></ul><h5>Abstract</h5>This application note describes a robust analytical procedure for the detection of sulfides, formaldehyde, and organic halides in hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles. This analysis was executed using an Agilent 8890 gas chromatography (GC) system equipped with an Agilent 8355 sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD) and an Agilent 5977 mass spectrometer detector (MSD). Samples were preconcentrated using a thermal desorption system, followed by separation on an Agilent J&amp;W DB-Sulfur SCD column. A purged two-way splitter was used to split the sample at a 3:1 ratio onto the SCD and MSD. This flexible configuration demonstrated excellent performance for these three categories of compounds. The correlation coefficients for all target compounds exceeded 0.9971, with reproducibility results varying between 0.3% and 7.9%. The detection limits for sulfides, formaldehyde, and organic halides were 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 nmol/mol, respectively.<h5>Introduction</h5>Contrasted with traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) that use hydrogen as an energy source present many advantages. These advantages include superior conversion efficiency and zero emissions, thus being esteemed as another groundbreaking revolution in the automobile industry.1 FCVs deploy proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), transforming chemical energy into electrical energy through the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen facilitated by a catalyst. The purity of hydrogen fundamentally determines the battery performance and lifespan. Hydrogen derived from fossil fuels, for example, referred to as grey hydrogen, is a substantial source. Grey hydrogen can include impurities, such as sulfides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, light hydrocarbons, formaldehyde, formic acid, and inert gases originating from the raw materials or the chemical reaction process.2 Other colors of hydrogen from different sources may include various combinations of impurities as well. These impurities are crucial elements affecting the durability of the fuel cell. Sulfides are severe catalyst poisons, causing irreversible degradation of fuel cell performance even at part per trillion (ppt) levels. Both CO and CO2 impurities in the hydrogen fuel can cause fuel cell performance degradation, with CO being more severe. Formaldehyde, an intermediate product in the process of hydrogen production from natural gas or methanol, has a poisoning mechanism like CO, but is more harmful. Trace amounts of ammonia can decrease the mass transfer ability of the electrolyte membrane, leading to irreversible degradation of the battery performance. Halides also irreversibly affect the performance of hydrogen fuel cells. Inert impurities in hydrogen (such as He, Ar, N2) do not poison the fuel cell but dilute the hydrogen fuel, reducing the cell potential and leading to power loss.To ensure the long-term stable operation of hydrogen fuel cells, various organizations have established quality standards for hydrogen used in FCVs. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) in the United States have established specific standards for hydrogen used in PEMFCs, namely ISO 14687-20193 and SAE J2719-2015.4 China has also established GB/T 37244-20185 to regulate the quality of hydrogen products. These standards consistently specify limits for certain impurities in hydrogen, such as sulfides not exceeding 0.004 μmol/mol, formaldehyde not exceeding 0.01 μmol/mol, and total halides not exceeding 0.05 μmol/mol. The GB/T 44243-20246 method details the determination of sulfide, formaldehyde, and organic halides in hydrogen for FCVs, gives reference instrument configurations, and also presents performance results.In accordance with those standards, this study has established a comprehensive analytical method for multiple key trace impurities in hydrogen for FCVs. An analytical platform has been designed for seven sulfides, formaldehyde, and eight organic halides. Sulfides are detected using a GC/SCD, while formaldehyde and organic halides are detected using a GC/MSD. The detection limits of all compounds in this study fully met the requirements for hydrogen quality control described in ISO 14687-2019, SAE J2719-2015, and GB/T 37244-2018 methods.<h4>3.&nbsp;Thermo Fisher Scientific: Gas chromatography consumables ordering guide</h4><ul><li>Guide</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/28640">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Proven consumables for optimum system performance.<h5>Select the right GC consumable for your GC system</h5>Optimize your gas chromatography (GC) system’s performance by selecting the proper GC consumables. Reference the compatibility and recommended use when ordering your consumables for the following systems:<ul><li>Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ 1300 and TRACE™ 1600 Series Gas Chromatographs</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ AI/AS 1310 and AI/AS 1610 Liquid Autosamplers</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ TriPlus™ RSH and TriPlus™ RSH SMART Autosamplers</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ TriPlus™ 500 Headspace Autosampler</li></ul><h5>Contents</h5><ul><li>GC syringes and SPME arrows and fibers<ul><li>AI/AS 1310 and AI/AS 1610 liquid autosamplers</li><li>TriPlus RSH and TriPlus RSH SMART autosamplers</li></ul></li><li>Injection ports<ul><li>iConnect Split/Splitless (SSL) injector module</li><li>iConnect Programmable Temperature Vaporizer (PTV) injector module</li></ul></li><li>Mass spectrometer transfer line connections</li><li>Gas management</li><li>GC columns</li><li>GC column connectors</li><li>Sample handling</li></ul>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 4, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 3rd February 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications and other documents by Shimadzu, Agilent Technologies and Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h4>1. Analysis of Essential Oils Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC × GC) and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_essential_oil_analysis_gcxgc_5994_8029en_agilent_7f4357b3cd.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The analysis of complex samples such as essential oils can benefit substantially from comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC), which provides a high degree of chromatographic separation due to the second dimension. Combining GC × GC with high-resolution accurate mass measurement increases the number of identifiable components and enhances confidence in the results.The focus of this study was to establish a workflow for the analysis of essential oils using GC × GC with a reverse flow modulator (RFM) combined with a high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight (GC/Q-TOF) mass spectrometer.<h5>Experimental</h5>The samples were separated on an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890">Agilent 8890 GC</a> using a GC × GC configuration with an RFM and analyzed using a high-resolution accurate mass <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7250">Agilent 7250 GC/Q-TOF MS</a> as well as an FID. A "normal" column set, combining a nonpolar primary column and a polar secondary column, was used. This set consisted of a 20 m × 0.1 mm, 0.1 μm Agilent DB-1ms column (100% dimethylpolysiloxane) and a 5 m × 0.25 mm, 0.15 μm Agilent DB-17ms column (equivalent to (50%-phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane).To decrease flow to the MS, and to add an FID to the configuration as a second detector, the column flow must be split at the end of the secondary column by connecting it to a splitter. Two splitter types, purged and unpurged, have been explored to highlight the benefits and limitations of each configuration. In the case of a purged splitter, the column flow mixes with the makeup flow before splitting between the two detectors. In contrast, an unpurged splitter does not use makeup flow when splitting the column effluent between the two restrictors connected to the two detectors. A second FID (monitor, or vent) channel was added for method optimization and troubleshooting.<h5>Conclusion</h5>In this application note, a method for the analysis of essential oils using several comprehensive GC × GC configurations with a reverse flow modulator (RFM) and a high-resolution Agilent 7250 GC/Q-TOF system was developed. Method optimization was performed using a diesel sample. Essential oil components, separated by GC × GC, were reliably identified using the Unknowns Analysis tool. Agilent Mass Profiler Professional (MPP) software successfully determined the differences in chemical composition between the essential oils.<h4>2.&nbsp;Utilizing hydrogen carrier gas for sensitive analysis of pesticides in food using gas chromatography mass spectrometry</h4><ul><li>Poster / ASMS</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_142_utilizing_hydrogen_pesticides_food_gc_ms_po142_asms2024_en_7ed0951b93.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Purpose: To demonstrate the performance of the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=HeSaver">Thermo Scientifc HeSaver-H2Safer kit </a>for iConnect split-splitless (SSL) injection module for trace analysis of pesticides using H2 as a carrier gas as a safe and sustainable solution for laboratory operations.Methods: In this study, hydrogen was used as a carrier gas for <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=15&amp;mainauthorItems=3">GC-MS/MS analysis</a> of trace levels of pesticides in food. The GC was fitted with a new hydrogen safer split/splitless injector, with chromatographic separation performed on a TG-5 SIL MS(30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) capillary GC column. The chromatographic conditions applied ensured critical pair separation was achieved. The GC-MS/MS system was equipped with an advanced electron ionization (AEI) source to increase sensitivity for analyte detection. Quantification and assessment of critical regulatory requirements, such as linearity and sensitivity, were performed in a single software.<h5>Conclusions</h5><ul><li>The use of the HeSaver-H2Safer technology allows for a safe and compliant use of hydrogen as an alternative carrier gas in GC/GC-MS applications without the need to install a hydrogen sensor and removes any risk of unwanted reactions with the sample in the hot SSL injector.</li><li>When used with hydrogen, the limited carrier gas consumption offered by the HeSaver-H2Safer mode permits a very controlled system demand for hydrogen, making this solution ideal for laboratories working with hydrogen generators.</li><li>Migrating the GC-MS/MS method from helium to hydrogen requires an adaptation of method parameters to address (i.e., retention time shift and different fragmentation patterns).</li><li>97% of pesticides in baby food and 98% in honey showed a linear response in the concentration range 0.005–0.500 mg/kg and the relative standard deviation for N=5 repeats of each sample type at 0.01 mg/kg was equal or lower than 10% for 98% of the evaluated compounds.</li></ul><h4>3.&nbsp;Analysis of VOC and SVOC Emissions from Automotive Interior Materials Using GCMS-QP2050 in Accordance with ISO 12219-11</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00845_en_9771953555.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=QP2050">GCMS-QP2050</a> features a new interface that enables good peak shape and sensitivity even when analyzing compounds with high boiling points.</li><li>When used with the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=TD-30R">TD-30R</a> thermal desorption system, it can analyze compounds in accordance with ISO 12219-11.</li><li>The TVOC Calculation Tool can calculate in a simple manner quantitative emissions (toluene and hexadecane equivalents) in accordance with ISO 12219-11.</li></ul><h5>Introduction</h5>In recent years, measures to reduce the use of organic compounds in automotive interiors have progressed, the ISO 12219-11 standard is being developed for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) that are emitted from automotive interior materials. The ISO 12219-11 analytical procedure involves filling a thermal desorption (TD) glass tube with a sample of materials, heating the tube using TD, and loading the VOCs (up to C25) and SVOCs (C14 to C32) that were emitted from the sample into a GC-MS system for analysis. Although this standardized procedure enables simple and quick analysis of VOC and SVOC emissions from these materials, contamination of the MS system caused by the simultaneous loading of compounds with high boiling points is a problem.As shown in Fig. 1, the GCMS-QP2050 is equipped with a new contamination-resistant ion optical system that effectively minimizes contamination of the MS. Featuring a new interface (Fig. 2) that enables good peak shape and sensitivity even for compounds that are typically prone to adsorption, it is optimally suited to analyzing SVOCs, including those with high boiling points.TD-30R and GCMS-QP2020 NX will be listed as examples for suitable test equipment on ISO 12219-11. This Application News describes analyzing VOC and SVOC emissions from the materials of vehicle interiors in compliance with ISO 12219-11 using the GCMS-QP2050 together with the NexisTM GC-2030 and the TD-30R thermal desorption system.<h5>Conclusion</h5>Using the new GCMS-QP2050, it was possible to consistently analyze SVOCs and other compounds with high boiling points. By combining this system with the TD-30R thermal desorption system and the TVOC Calculation Tool, even inexperienced users can rapidly analyze automotive interior materials and quantify emissions (i.e., calculate toluene and hexadecane equivalents) in compliance with ISO 12219-11.

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 6, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 10th February 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications and other documents by Shimadzu, Agilent Technologies and Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h4>1. Agilent Technologies: Analysis of Aldehydes, Benzene, and Limonene in Recycled Polyethylene&nbsp;Terephthalate&nbsp;</h4>Using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=Agilent+7697">Agilent 7697</a> headspace sampler and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=3-14&amp;manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=8890+5977">8890/5977C GC/MSD</a><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_aldehyde_benzene_limonene_pet_7697_headspace_8890_5994_8063en_agilent_1_af1ee904b7.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>PET is commonly used in the food and beverage industry, as it is easy to recycle. The quantity of food containers and beverage bottles made from recycled PET materials is on the rise.&nbsp;Contaminants in recycled PET, including acetaldehyde, benzene, and limonene, can migrate from the packaging into the contents, potentially affecting the safety and quality of the products stored inside.1 Monitoring these contaminants is crucial for ensuring the quality of recycled PET products, as they can affect the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of recycled PET, potentially leading to product defects or health concerns.&nbsp;This application note demonstrates the use of a 7697 headspace sampler and 8890/5977C GC/MSD for the analysis of acetaldehyde, benzene, and d-limonene in recycled PET materials. With the developed method, acetaldehyde, benzene, and d-limonene in three recycled PET samples were successfully quantified.&nbsp;<h4>Conclusion</h4>This application note describes the quantitative analysis of acetaldehyde, benzene, and d-limonene using an Agilent 8890/5977C GC/MSD with an Agilent 7697 headspace sampler. This method offers the advantages of full automation, rapid analysis, and minimum sample preparation. With this automated workflow solution, excellent sensitivity was demonstrated with an LOD of 0.034 ng/µL for acetaldehyde, 0.002 ng/µL for benzene, and 0.006 ng/µL for d-limonene. Good linearity was demonstrated, with R2 above 0.999 for all three compounds over wide concentration ranges. Three recycled PET samples were analyzed, with a detection of acetaldehyde from 474 to 975 μg/kg, benzene from 5.5 to 18.6 μg/kg, and d-limonene from 0.42 to 3.21 μg/kg.&nbsp;<h4>2. Shimadzu: GC/MS Analysis of Fluorophosphates as Decomposition Products in Lithium Battery Electrolyte</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_05_sca_280_105_en_d3dcd7b97d.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>User Benefits:<ul><li>A routine and fast GC/MS method for detection of LIB decomposition products.</li><li>Monitoring of the LIB electrolyte after manufacturing, storage and transport.</li><li>Fluorophosphates can be considered as markers for a started electrolyte decomposition.</li></ul>The electrolyte solution is a crucial part of a typical Lithium-ion battery, consisting Li salt (f.e. LiPF6), organic carbonates and additives to ensure a stable transport of Li ions during charging and discharging processes. A significant part of battery aging can be considered as a result of the decomposition of the electrolyte. At the end of this chemical and electrochemical processes oligomeric organic compounds 1) and organophosphates 2,3) could be detected. Especially fluor containing organophosphates are of interest due to their potential neurotoxicity 4,5,6).While the electrochemical aging takes place in a battery itself, the chemical aging starts already during manufacturing, storage and transport of the electrolyte. Typical factors that influence this are: exposure to air and moisture, too high temperature at manufacturing/storage, long term storage in general. Wrong materials in the production pipeline like glass are problematic as well due to a catalytic reaction of the fluoric acid traces with SiO2 as follows:&nbsp;SiO2 + 6HF → H2[SiF6] +2H2OThis application examples of analysis of the electrolyte solution for qualitative determination of fluorophosphates as a possibility for an earlystage quality control.<h5>Experimental</h5>25 µl LIB electrolyte consisting Ethyl methyl carbonate and Ethylene carbonate 1:1 with 1M LiPF6 has been diluted with 1 mL dichloromethane and centrifuged for 5 min at 8500 rpm to remove the solid LiPF6. The centrifuged solution was transferred into a 2 mL GC glass vial and measured by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=GCMS-QP2020+NX">GCMS-QP2020 NX</a>.<h5>Conclusion</h5>LiPF6 based LIB electrolyte degrade during chemical and electrochemical processes. With GC/MS based analysis method a clear assignment of tree fluorinated alkyl phosphates has been successfully accomplished in a long-term stored electrolyte showing the suitability of GCMS-QP 2020 NX to offer a reliable and simple way of analysis even at early stages of electrolyte decomposition.<h4>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Enhanced calibration precision: Leveraging RSE and WLS for optimal function optimization</h4><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/TN_003551_Enhanced_calibration_precision_Leveraging_RSE_and_WLS_for_optimal_function_optimization_184ab5a2c1.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>This technical note outlines the advantages of employing relative standard error (RSE), weighted least squares (WLS) approximations, and inverse calibrations in enhancing the accuracy and precision of calibration in chromatographic analysis. It discusses the shortcomings of conventional metrics and introduces a more dependable and straightforward method for evaluating and optimizing calibration processes.<h5>Software</h5>Data evaluation was performed using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=2&amp;search=chromeleon">Thermo Scientific™ Chromeleon™</a> Chromatography Data System (CDS) version 7.3.2. The software's RSE definition (Equation 4) includes weighting factors, expanding its use to calibration functions that must pass through the origin.5<h5>Results and Discussion</h5>We included a gas chromatographic (GC) example to demonstrate the universal applicability of RSE in evaluating chromatographic calibration experiments. Figure 7 shows the separation of ethanol, which takes about 40 seconds after a headspace injection. The calibrated concentration range spans from 100 mg/L to 5,000 mg/L, the broadest range in our examples.&nbsp;We subjected the original method to RSE evaluation using OLS that constrained the calibration function to pass through the origin (Figure 7A). The RSE obtained was 7.6%, which is well within the EPA guideline of less than 20%. However, the relative amount deviation plot in Figure 7A showed increasing deviation at lower standard concentrations.&nbsp;The original calibration data set was re-analyzed using WLS with a quadratic fit and 1/Amount² weighting to enhance precision. This adjustment reduced the RSE to approximately 0.7%. It produced a relative amount deviation plot in Figure 7B that displayed minor deviations and a random scatter around the target value of 0% across the calibrated range. This demonstrates the improved accuracy and reliability of the optimized calibration method.<h5>Conclusion</h5>This technical note explores the advantages of using RSE, WLS approximations, and inverted calibrations to enhance calibration quality in chromatography. By optimizing calibration curves through quadratic fitting, offset adjustments, and suitable weighting factors (such as 1/Amount²), the calibration process can be significantly improved, resulting in lower RSEs and better overall calibration quality. Incorporating RSE as an evaluation tool offers a deeper understanding of calibration reliability.

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 7, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 17th February 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies&nbsp; and Shimadzu and product spotlight by Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h4>1. Agilent Technologies: Extractable Pollutants from Microplastics to Vegetables: Incorporation to the Food Chain</h4>Using static headspace GC/MS with the Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=8890%2F5977B">8890 GC and 5977B GC/MSD</a><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_extractable_pollutants_from_microplastics_to_vegetables_5994_7882en_agilent_5b4df39dff.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Most studies of organic pollutants in vegetables focus on persistent organic pollutants (POPs)10,11, which are extracted from samples and usually monitored by liquid chromatography (LC).12 However, the accumulation of MP-associated pollutants in vegetables has hardly been evaluated.This application note presents:<ol><li>A developed and validated approach to the targeted and untargeted analyses of MP-associated pollutants found in vegetables</li><li>Quantitation of MP pollutants</li><li>Assessment of the influence of vegetable type (edible- versus nonedible-roots) on the intake of MP-associated pollutants</li><li>The accumulation and environmental migration pathways of the MP pollutants</li></ol>In this application note, an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=SHS-GC%2FMS">SHS-GC/MS</a> method involving a static headspace coupled to an 8890 GC and 5977B GC/MSD was used for the evaluation of volatile extractables from plastic residues present in vegetable matrices. This technique is well suited to extract volatile compounds from different samples due to its simplicity, automation, speed, low cost, and minimal sample preparation requirements.13–15 Additionally, the application of MS in combination with a spectral deconvolution and retention indices (RIs) enabled advanced detection and identification of volatile MPassociated pollutants in vegetable matrices.&nbsp;<h4>Conclusion</h4>A straightforward, reliable, and robust SHS-GC/MS methodology using an Agilent 8890 GC and an Agilent 5977B GC/MSD was developed to identify and quantify plasticassociated pollutants in vegetable samples. The method represents a preliminary approach to assess the impact of agricultural MP contamination on food. The obtained data add new information to the mobility of MP leachates from agricultural soils to vegetables. The application of chemometrics to the dataset acquired from the SHS-GC/MS analysis has demonstrated that the accumulation of these organic pollutants was higher in edibleroot than nonedible-root vegetables. The main contributors to this differentiation were 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, cumene, 2-tert-butyl-4 methylphenol, and 2,4-dimethylphenol, which are chemicals associated with plastic contamination. Specifically, cumene may be related to polystyrene (PS) pollution.A total of 92 putative compounds were accurately identified using spectral deconvolution retention indices (RIs). In the samples, plastic-associated compounds were quantified. Their contents varied from 0.14 to 28,800 ng/g for 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and p,α-dimethylstyrene, respectively. The presence of phenylacetaldehyde in all the samples, as well as styrene, cumene, and p,α-dimethylstyrene in some of them, indicated PS contamination. Other compounds found in the studied vegetables, such as xylene isomers and ethylbenzene, highlighted potential contamination of other polymeric materials like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).<h4>2. Shimadzu: Analysis of Essential Oil Using GC-MS/FID Detector Splitting System</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00819_en_c5c92dcd13.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>The detector splitting system allows for simultaneous acquisition of MS and FID data in a single measurement.</li><li>Even complex samples can undergo simplified statistical analysis using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=eMSTAT+Solution">eMSTAT SolutionTM</a>.</li><li>The combination of the compact <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=GC-2050">BrevisTM GC-2050</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=GCMS-QP2050">GCMS-QP2050</a> enables space-saving in the laboratory.</li></ul>In this application, five types of Hinoki oils, including Hinoki oil made by our company and Hinoki oils from different regions, were analyzed using the detector splitting system between MS and FID. The results from MS were compared using eMSTAT Solution to analyze the composition of the components. Additionally, the quantification of δ Cadinene, an important aromatic component that is a sesquiterpene was conducted using FID, which showed high calibration linearity over a wide concentration range. Furthermore, with a compact width of approximately 63 cm, the device configuration of Brevis GC-2050 + GCMS-QP2050 not only contributes to space-saving in the lab but also demonstrates high analytical performance.<h5>Essential Oil Analysis Using GC-MS/FID</h5>In quality control (QC) of fragrances like Hinoki oil, where a wide concentration range is typically expected, GC-FID, which provides detector response over a broad range, is commonly used. By comparing the chromatogram shapes of product samples obtained during the production process with approved reference samples, the component profile is confirmed. However, in the case of Hinoki oil containing numerous components, qualitative analysis of each peak becomes challenging with an FID detector. Therefore, by using the detectorsplitting system between MS and FID, it is possible to obtain data from both MS and FID simultaneously in a single measurement. This allows for the usual confirmation of chromatogram shapes with FID and enables qualitative analysis with MS when unknown components are detected.<h5>System Configuration and Analysis Conditions</h5>The system configuration and analysis conditions are shown in Table 1 and 2, respectively In this analysis, SMI (Smart Micro Inert) FLOW DEVICE 2-Way Splitter for detector splitting was used (Fig. 1). The SMI FLOW DEVICE is a capillary flow device for analysis with features such as low leakage, low dead volume, low heat capacity, and inertness. This allows for the analysis of highly adsorptive components. We adjusted the inner diameter of the resistors used for MS/FID detector Splitting, as well as the pressure of the AUX-APC (Digital Flow Controller), to set the split ratio at approximately 1:3 for MS:FID. By using eMSTAT Solution for analysis, we visually grasped the differences in component characteristics of each Hinoki oil and identified the compounds contributing to those differences.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Five different types of Hinoki oils were analyzed using a detector splitting system with MS and FID. When conducting multivariate analysis with the results from MS using eMSTAT Solution, it was possible to visually capture the differences in component characteristics. It was revealed that (-)-Borneol is a characteristic component of Shimadzu oil. Additionally, accurate quantification of δ-Cadinene, which varies significantly in concentration among samples, was achieved using FID.<h4>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Fully automated method implementation for compliant analysis of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans by GC-MS/MS</h4><ul><li>Other</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/sl_003541_gc_ms_eworkflow_dioxin_sl003541_na_en_9f48797bef.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Performance-based methodology for dioxin analysis is applied within the EU to ensure accurate reporting of dioxin levels within food and feed. Results are evaluated according to strict quality control and reporting criteria. For analytical testing laboratories, this often means a significant time investment for adoption and implementation of the methodology for dioxin analysis, as well as a requirement for highly skilled operators. Even for laboratories experienced with GC-MS-based test procedures, the addition of dioxin testing to the overall portfolio is demanding. To simplify this process, a dedicated eWorkflow™ template is available within the Thermo Scientific™ <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=2&amp;search=chromeleon">Chromeleon™</a> Chromatography Data System. This eWorkflow template is available for the Thermo Scientific™ <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=2&amp;search=TSQ+9610">TSQ™ 9610 </a>triple quadrupole GC-MS/MS system and is free to download from the Thermo Scientific™ AppsLab™ Library of Analytical Applications (Dioxin eWorkflow).&nbsp;Processing methods within the Dioxin eWorkflow template use isotopic dilution for quantitation, allowing users to perform data acquisition and real-time quantitation within the same software. Spiking levels of both syringe and internal standard can be defined per injection, permitting samples spiked with different levels of internal or syringe standard concentration to be analyzed in a single sequence. This can be seen in Figure 3 where internal standard concentration level within the sequence is defined at different levels for calibration standards (i.e., PCDD/F CS1), check standards (LOQ, LOQ/2, LOQ/4), and blank/sample injections (Sample).The Dioxin eWorkflow template allows analytical testing laboratories to easily implement compliant analytical methodology for dioxin analysis. It delivers validated data acquisition/processing methods and reporting templates for dioxin analysis, helping remove time-consuming steps around method development and data processing.Included within the Dioxin eWorkflow template:<ul><li>Injection sequence templates with pre-optimized analytical parameters for method injection and data acquisition.</li><li>Incorporation of isotopic dilution quantitation, removing the need for additional software or script writing to perform data calculations.</li><li>Interactive tables and charts to facilitate quick data evaluation for compliance purposes.</li><li>Fully customizable data evaluation and report layout templates based on the analyst’s needs.</li></ul>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 8, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 24th February 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, Knauer&nbsp; and Shimadzu!<h4>1. Agilent Technologies: Analysis of 65 Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air by Canister Sampling Using an Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=8890%2F5977">8890/5977</a> GC/MSD</h4><h5>A method using both scan and SIM mode that fully meets the requirements in the HJ 759-2023 standard</h5><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_voc_air_gc_msd_5994_7723en_agilent_4b88e40417.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>This application note introduces the use of a canister for gas sampling. Samples were introduced into an Agilent 8890 gas chromatograph (GC) with an Agilent 5977 single quadrupole mass selective detector (MSD) and the Markes Multi-Gas thermal desorption (TD), to analyze volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere or in semiconductor cleanrooms. The results of linearity, reproducibility, and detection limit fully met the requirements of the China method HJ759-2023. This method is widely used as a reference both in environmental laboratories and semiconductor cleanrooms. The linear correlation coefficient for all 65 compounds was greater than 0.991, with 86% of compounds having a value greater than 0.999. The results of reproducibility in scan mode varied between 0.3 to 6.8%, while results in SIM mode varied between 1.1 to 6.7%. The sampling volume was 300 mL, which resulted in detection limits of 0.013 to 0.113 nmol/mol for scan mode and 0.002 to 0.013 nmol/mol for SIM mode.&nbsp;<h4>Experimental</h4>This study was performed on an 8890 GC coupled to a 5977 single quadrupole GC/MSD with an electron ionization (EI) source. A Markes Multi-Gas thermal desorption sample introduction and preconcentration system was used and included three modules:<ul><li>CIA Advantage-xr (CIA): canister autosampler</li><li>Kori-xr: water removal module</li><li>Unity-xr: thermal desorption instrument</li></ul>First, three internal standards (ISTDs) were introduced into the Unity trap by CIA. Then, the sample was passed through a heated transfer line through the CIA Advantage into the Kori for water removal. Finally, the sample flowed into the focusing cold trap of the Unity for preconcentration. Eventually, the Unity trap was desorbed at high temperature, and the 65 VOCs and three ISTDs all entered the GC/MSD for analysis. Figure 1 shows the flow path of the combined system.&nbsp;<h4>Conclusion</h4>An Agilent 8890/5977 GC/MSD system, equipped with a Multi-Gas CIA Advantage-xr TD provides a robust analytical procedure for the analysis of 65 VOCs in ambient air. This system offers a highly efficient and highly sensitive solution for the simultaneous analysis of multiple VOCs in both atmospheric quality monitoring laboratories and semiconductor cleanrooms. Based on different application requirements, users can choose to collect data in scan or SIM mode, demonstrating the flexibility of Agilent instruments. Excellent analytical performance has been achieved based on this system both in scan and SIM mode, which fully meets the requirements detailed in method HJ 759-2023.<h4>2. Knauer: GPC vs. SPE and subsequent determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using GC/MS</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VEV_0081_Comparison_of_GPC_and_SPE_purification_methods_of_sludge_samples_FINAL_web_376100390f.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants generated primarily during the incomplete combustion of organic materials. The removal of PAHs from the atmosphere by dry and wet deposition processes are strongly influenced by their gas/particle partitioning. Atmospheric deposition is a major source for PAHs in soil [1] which can be determined by various extraction and purification processes, subsequently detected by a GC/MS using the reference method UNI EN 15527. Our main purpose is to demonstrate that the purification of environmental matrix with high organic component using the gel permeation chromatography purification (AZURA GPC Cleanup, FS conditioned resins CHEX/DCM), compared to a SPE purification, allows are well-defined separation time of the analytes and it can provide narrow bands without their physical chemical interaction with the column, resulting in less chance of loss of analytes [2]. This differs from other separation techniques which depend upon chemical or physical interactions to separate analytes [3].<h4>Conclusion</h4>The GPC cleanup procedure of mud sludge samples prior analysis of PAHs with GC/MS technique is a good alternative to SPE purification steps. Advantages like better S/N ratios and third mass identification are obvious. The automatization of the GPC Cleanup using AZURA GPC Cleanup system yields high efficiency of the application.<h4>3. Shimadzu: Material Analysis of Microplastics in River Water - FTIR and Pyrolysis-GC-MS Analysis</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00806_en_c2c7bba8be.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>Automated pretreatment of microplastics (MPs) reduces workload and enables highly reproducible pretreatment.</li><li>Material analysis of MPs processed by the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=MAP-100">MAP-100</a> device can be easily performed by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=FTIR-ATR">FTIR+ATR.</a></li><li>Highly reproducible GC-MS analysis of MPs is possible by homogeneously pulverizing samples with Cryogenic Mill (IQ MILL-2070).</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=EGA%2FPY-3030D">Pyrolysis</a>-<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=GCMS-QP2020+NX">GC-MS</a> can measure the weight of multiple types of plastics even when they are mixed.</li></ul>Microplastics (MPs) are microscopic plastic particles measuring a few µm to 5 mm in size. They are feared to have an impact on ocean pollution and ecosystems. Against this backdrop, surveys and studies on MPs in surface waters such as oceans, rivers, lakes and marshes are being conducted worldwide. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) is often used for material analysis of MPs. ASTM recently published the D8401-24 standard test method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of MPs in water that uses a pyrolysis gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (Py-GC-MS). In this application news, a sample taken from a river was pretreated and analyzed for MPs using FTIR and Py-GC-MS.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Samples collected from river water were automatically pretreated using MAP-100, and the MPs materials were then analyzed by FTIR and Py-GC-MS. PP, PE and EVA were detected in both instruments, indicating that PP and PE are the main components (Fig. 8). Using an FTIR, individual qualitative results can be obtained easily, and the number ratios and densities can be calculated. Py-GC-MS also provides a more accurate massto material ratio (%). The system supports screening methods that take advantage of the features of each instrument, from preparation to analysis of MPs.

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