<p><strong>Scientists at IOCB Prague are uncovering new details of gene transcription. They have identified a previously unknown molecular mechanism by which the transcription of genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into ribonucleic acid (RNA) can be initiated. The researchers focused on a specific class of molecules known as alarmones, which are found in cells across a wide range of organisms and whose levels often increase under conditions of cellular stress. The results were published in the prestigious scientific journal </strong><i><strong>Nature Chemical Biology</strong></i><strong>.</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Hana Cahová, head of the Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids research group." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"></p><div><p>Molecules of ribonucleic acid can carry a variety of chemical modifications at one end, known as caps. In eukaryotic organisms, including human cells, the best-known cap plays an important role in RNA stability and in regulating its subsequent fate. In recent years, however, it has become clear that alternative, non-canonical RNA caps also exist, although their formation and the mechanisms by which they are attached to RNA remain only partially understood. These include alarmone caps, formed by dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules, that protect cellular RNA at moments when the cell is under threat.</p><p>In their study,<strong> </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cahova.group.uochb.cz/en"><strong>Dr. Hana Cahová</strong></a> and colleagues examined bacterial RNA polymerase and investigated how this enzyme can initiate transcription using dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpNs) instead of the standard RNA building blocks. For the first time, the scientists described, at the atomic level, how RNA bearing an alarmone cap can be generated directly at the initiation of gene transcription. They also observed that NpNs bind through a different type of base pairing than is typically observed.</p><p>The work was significantly shaped by <strong>Valentina Serianni from Hana Cahová’s team</strong>, who demonstrated the ability of dinucleoside polyphosphates to initiate gene transcription, and by <strong>Jana Škerlová</strong>, who focused on the structural analysis of RNA polymerase. Using cryogenic electron microscopy data, she showed how dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules bind within the active site of RNA polymerase – that is, the core of the enzyme where genetic information is transcribed. Together, their findings help to elucidate the processes that accompany the transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA.</p><p>Hana Cahová adds: <i>“We’re describing something that truly occurs in cells and that we’re now able to observe directly at the level of individual molecules. This allows us to answer fundamental questions about cellular processes, such as how cells adapt to stress. RNA plays a central role in this, as it carries the cascade of information underlying any cellular response – for example, to threatening conditions caused by nutrient deprivation or temperature shock.”</i></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Tomáš Kouba, head of the Cryogenic Electron Microscopy core facility." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"></p><div><p>Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was central to the project. This part of the work was led by<strong> Dr. Tomáš Kouba</strong>, one of the authors of the study. <i>“Cryogenic electron microscopy allows us to freeze biological molecules in a state very close to their natural form and then determine their three-dimensional structure. This makes it possible to look directly into the active centers of enzymes and observe their function down to the atomic level,”</i> he explains.</p><p>Last year, IOCB Prague opened a new <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cryoem.group.uochb.cz/en"><strong>cryo-EM center</strong></a><strong> </strong>that is unique within the Czech research environment. State-of-the-art cryogenic electron microscopes are housed in a specially designed building and enable the study of biological processes with exceptional structural precision.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: This work shows how NpnNs initiate bacterial transcription. Cryo-EM reveals how nucleobases pair with the template: one in canonical and one in reverse Watson–Crick mode, providing a structural basis for their function as non-canonical RNA caps." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1077"></p><blockquote><h4><strong>The Original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41589-025-02134-5"><strong>Molecular insight into 5′ RNA capping with Np<sub>n</sub>Ns by bacterial RNA polymerase</strong></a></h4><p>Valentina M. Serianni, Jana Škerlová, Anna Knopp Dubánková, Anton Škríba, Hana Šváchová, Tereza Vučková, Anatolij Filimoněnko, Milan Fábry, Pavlína Řezáčová, Tomáš Kouba &amp; Hana Cahova&nbsp;</p><p>Nat. Chem. Biol. 21 (2026)</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><h4><strong>Abstract</strong></h4><p>RNA capped with dinucleoside polyphosphates has been discovered in bacteria and eukaryotes only recently. The likely mechanism of this specific capping involves direct incorporation of dinucleoside polyphosphates by RNA polymerase as noncanonical initiating nucleotides. However, how these compounds bind into the active site of RNA polymerase during transcription initiation is unknown. Here, we explored transcription initiation in vitro, using a series of DNA templates in combination with dinucleoside polyphosphates and model RNA polymerase from <i>Thermus</i> <i>thermophilus</i>. We observed that the transcription start site can vary on the basis of the compatibility of the specific template and dinucleoside polyphosphate. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of transcription initiation complexes with dinucleoside polyphosphates revealed that both nucleobase moieties can pair with the DNA template. The first encoded nucleotide pairs in a canonical Watson–Crick manner, whereas the second nucleobase pairs noncanonically in a reverse Watson–Crick manner. Our work provides a structural explanation of how dinucleoside polyphosphates initiate RNA transcription.</p></div></div>

Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription

<p><strong>In the week of February 9, the following webinars await you in the field of gas / solid phase and especially Raman, FTIR, GC and GC/MS.</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 000 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><div><div><div><div><div><div><h5><strong>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Process Raman – A Reliable and Versatile Tool for Downstream Process Monitoring and Control for mAb Production</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 10.2.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5808">Registration</a></li></ul><p>The presentation highlights how process Raman spectroscopy offers several advantages over traditional in-line UV-Vis analysis for process monitoring and metabolite production control in mAb manufacturing.</p><h5><strong>2. Wasson-ECE Instrumentation: The Data Driven Plant – How AI Transforms Chemical Manufacturing</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 10.2.2026 21:30 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5744">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Explore how artificial intelligence is applied to improve process efficiency, monitoring, and decision-making in modern chemical manufacturing.</p><h5><strong>3. New Food Magazine: The Science of Next-Gen Ingredients – Fermentation, Formulation and Function</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 11.2.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5720">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how fermentation-driven innovation is transforming functional food ingredients, with analytical insights to optimize flavour, functionality, and product stability.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Webinars LabRulezGCMS Week 07/2026

<p><strong>This study presents an analytical strategy combining QuEChERS extraction with low-temperature partitioning (LTP) for the determination of multiclass pesticide residues in cocoa beans by GC–MS. Extraction conditions were optimized using a fractional factorial design, resulting in a simple and efficient workflow suitable for complex cocoa matrices.</strong></p><p>The validated method showed satisfactory limits of detection and quantification, recoveries within 70–120%, and good overall performance. Application to cocoa samples from Brazil detected permethrin in several samples, demonstrating that the QuEChERS–LTP approach is an effective and reliable cleanup strategy for routine pesticide residue analysis in cocoa.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360"><strong>QuEChERS Combined with Low-Temperature Partitioning and GC–MS as an Analytical Strategy for the Determination of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Cocoa Beans</strong></a></h4><p>Priscilla M. de Freitas Machado, Madson M. Nascimento, Paulo R. R. Mesquita, Manuela B. Nascimento, Lilian Lefol N. Guarieiro, Gisele O. da Rocha, Jailson B. de Andrade, Raildo M. de Jesus*</p><p>ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63464–63473</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><p>Cocoa is best known as the primary raw material for chocolate but is also processed into products such as cocoa butter, biscuits, cocoa honey, and cocoa powder. Cocoa powder is derived from roasted, pressed, and milled nibs, containing on average 20% (w/w) lipids on a dry basis and less than 9% moisture. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3,4)</a></p><p>According to the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA), pesticides such as atrazine, bifenthrin, cyproconazole, metalaxyl, tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin, and permethrin are approved for use in Brazil. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> However, among these, only metalaxyl, trifloxystrobin, and tebuconazole are authorized by the European Union. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a> Thus, investigating these contaminants in cocoa samples is of utmost importance, as Brazil is one of the largest cocoa exporters, supplying cocoa commodities to South America, the United States, and the European Union. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> Furthermore, Organochlorine pesticides, in particular, belong to the class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Although banned in many countries, they continue to be used in some developing nations because of their chemical stability, resistance to degradation, volatility, and high lipophilicity, which promote bioaccumulation and neurotoxicity. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15)</a> Epidemiological evidence also associates their exposure with Parkinson’s disease, certain cancers, diabetes, and endometriosis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(16)</a></p><p>Residues of pesticides in cocoa have been reported in various studies. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> Analyzing pesticide residues in cocoa presents analytical challenges due to the matrix’s complexity, comprising high lipid content, fatty acids and esters, sugars, polyphenols, and caffeine. These components can interfere with extraction efficiency and contaminate analytical instrumentation. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> Therefore, efficient sample preparation methods incorporating effective cleanup steps are essential for accurate residue determination.</p><p>Several techniques have been employed for multiresidue pesticide analysis in cocoa. For instance, Idowu et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19)</a> quantified 14 organochlorines using Soxhlet extraction and silica/Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> cleanup, with GC ECD detection. Okoffo et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20)</a> determined 13 organophosphates and 9 pyrethroids employing SPE cartridges (Envi-carb/LC-NH<sub>2</sub> and Bond Elute C18), acetonitrile extraction, and GC PFPD or GC ECD quantification. Yusiasih et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(21)</a> applied dispersive SPE with PSA, Florisil, and MgSO<sub>4</sub> for pyrethroids, followed by GC ECD and GC–MS.</p><p>Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a QuEChERS–LTP analytical procedure for the determination of multiclass pesticide residues in cocoa beans. The factors that affect the QuEChERS–LTP procedure efficiency were optimized. After validation, the procedure was employed to investigate the occurrence of 15 multiclass pesticides in cocoa samples.</p><h4><strong>Experimental Section</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instrumental Apparatus</strong></h5><p>Pesticide separation and identification were performed on a Shimadzu <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GC-MS-QP2010SE"><strong>GC-MS-QP2010SE</strong></a> system (Kyoto, Japan) equipped with an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=AOC-20i"><strong>AOC-20i autosampler</strong></a>. Separation was achieved using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=DB-5MS"><strong>Agilent DB-5MS capillary column</strong></a> (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) with a stationary phase of 5% phenyl/95% dimethylpolysiloxane. The instrumental conditions were based on Nascimento et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(49)</a> and they are summarized in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#tbl4">Table 4</a>.</p><p>For quantification, the base peak was used, while two additional ions were monitored for confirmation (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360/suppl_file/ao5c10360_si_001.pdf">Table S2</a>) in accordance with SANTE guidelines. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(50)</a> A GC–MS/SIM chromatogram illustrating the separation of all target pesticides is presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#fig5">Figure 5</a>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_5_Extracted_ion_chromatogram_EIC_in_SIM_mode_of_the_target_pesticides_f2461c14f4.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63464–63473: Figure 5. Extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) in SIM mode of the target pesticides obtained from the injection of a mixed standard solution at 100 μg L–1. Analytes are listed in order of elution: [1] Molinate (6.18 min); [2] α-HCH (8.15 min); [3] atrazine-d5 (8.69 min); [4] atrazine (8.75 min); [5] diazinon (9.31 min); [6] disulfoton (9.67 min); [7] dimethachlor (10.60 min); [8] metalaxyl (11.25 min); [9] p,p′-DDE (15.82 min); [10] cyproconazole I (16.50 min); [11] cyproconazole II (16.56 min); [12] p,p′-DDD (17.29 min); [13] ethion (17.34 min); [14] trifloxystrobin (18.43 min); [15] tebuconazole (19.13 min); [16] bifenthrin (20.47 min); [17] permethrin I (23.92 min); [18] permethrin II (24.18 min)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_5_Extracted_ion_chromatogram_EIC_in_SIM_mode_of_the_target_pesticides_f2461c14f4.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2080" height="835"></p><h5><strong>Application of the Proposed Procedure to Real Samples</strong></h5><p>In a 50 mL Falcon tube, 2.0 g of sample was weighed using an analytical balance (AUX320, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). A total of 2.0 g of salt (NaCl and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> in a 1:1 w/w ratio) was added, followed by an aliquot of the atrazine-<i>d</i><sub>5</sub> solution (surrogate standard) to yield a final concentration of 250 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>. A mixture of acetonitrile (8.0 mL) and ultrapure water (2.0 mL) was then added. The system was vortexed (K40-10208, Kasvi, São Paulo, Brazil) for 3.0 min at 2500 rpm and centrifuged (MPW-351R, MPW Med. Instruments, Warsaw, Poland) for 10.0 min at 15 °C and 10,000 rpm. After phase separation, approximately 6.0 mL of the supernatant was transferred to a Falcon tube containing 150.0 mg of PSA sorbent. The mixture was vortexed again for 3.0 min at 2500 rpm and centrifuged for an additional 10.0 min under the same conditions. The tubes were then placed in the freezer for 24 h. Once the aqueous phase had frozen, the organic extract containing the analytes was collected, filtered through a Cytiva Whatman MiniUniprep G2 vial with a 0.20 μm membrane filter (Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA), and injected into the GC–MS system (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#fig6">Figure 6</a>).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_6_Schematic_representation_of_the_extraction_procedure_using_the_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_LTP_procedure_for_pesticide_extraction_in_cocoa_powder_samples_ed58549bcf.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63464–63473: Figure 6. Schematic representation of the extraction procedure using the QuEChERS–LTP procedure for pesticide extraction in cocoa powder samples." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_6_Schematic_representation_of_the_extraction_procedure_using_the_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_LTP_procedure_for_pesticide_extraction_in_cocoa_powder_samples_ed58549bcf.jpg 223w," sizes="100vw" width="1458" height="1022"></p><h4><strong>Results and Discussion</strong></h4><h5><strong>Evaluation of the Effect of Low and Ultralow Temperatures on the Analytical Response</strong></h5><p>Studies reporting the use of LTP generally employ a conventional freezer, which typically reaches −18 ± 2 °C as the minimum temperature. In this equipment, effective phase separation can require 8 to 24 h. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(35−37)</a> In contrast, ultralow temperature freezers (ultrafreezers) can reach −80 °C, leading to a substantial reduction in partitioning time. In this study, tests performed with the conventional freezer achieved satisfactory partitioning after 24 h, whereas in the ultrafreezer, complete partitioning was observed in only 20 min.</p><p>Considering the analytical response in terms of peak area (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#fig3">Figure 3</a>), higher signals were obtained when LTP was performed in a conventional freezer rather than an ultrafreezer. This behavior can be attributed to the partitioning mechanism. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(32)</a> Partitioning depends on cooling and the subsequent freezing of the aqueous phase. In the conventional freezer, the slower freezing rate provides sufficient time for the system to approach thermodynamic equilibrium, favoring analyte diffusion between phases. Under these conditions, analyte molecules have more time to migrate and distribute optimally before complete solidification. In contrast, the rapid freezing in the ultrafreezer may trap analytes in a nonideal distribution, reducing the efficiency of the partitioning process <a href="javascript:void(0);">(32)</a> (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#fig3">Figure 3</a>). According to these observations, the conventional freezer was selected for subsequent experiments.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_3_Comparison_of_chromatographic_peak_areas_of_pesticides_after_partitioning_in_the_conventional_freezer_versus_the_ultrafreezer_9598bcfec3.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63464–63473: Figure 3. Comparison of chromatographic peak areas of pesticides after partitioning in the conventional freezer versus the ultrafreezer." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_3_Comparison_of_chromatographic_peak_areas_of_pesticides_after_partitioning_in_the_conventional_freezer_versus_the_ultrafreezer_9598bcfec3.jpg 175w," sizes="100vw" width="996" height="891"></p><h5><strong>Application to Real Samples</strong></h5><p>Fifteen samples were analyzed in triplicate, comprising two from the State of Pará and 12 from the State of Bahia, located in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, respectively. Among the 15 pesticides investigated, only permethrin isomers were quantified in four samples (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#tbl3">Table 3</a>). The herbicide molinate was also detected in three samples; however, its concentration was below LOQ. Permethrin isomers concentrations ranged from 17.1 ± 0.3 to 49.6 ± 1.8 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>. These values are below the MRL established by European Union regulation, which is 100 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(42)</a> Although permethrin is not permitted in the European Union, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(42)</a> it remains authorized for use as insecticide in Brazil, particularly in crops such as cotton, rice, coffee, citrus, cabbage, beans, tobacco, maize, soybean, tomato, wheat, and grape. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> However, no MRL values have been established for cocoa beans under Brazilian legislation. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#tbl3">Table 3</a> shows the concentration of detected compounds in the cocoa samples.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Table_3_Mean_Concentrations_mg_kg_1_Standard_Deviation_of_Target_Pesticides_Detected_in_This_Study_2427955699.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63464–63473: Table 3. Mean Concentrations (μg kg–1 ± Standard Deviation) of Target Pesticides Detected in This Study" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Table_3_Mean_Concentrations_mg_kg_1_Standard_Deviation_of_Target_Pesticides_Detected_in_This_Study_2427955699.jpg 196w," sizes="100vw" width="1070" height="851"></p><p>To assess method performance for pesticides not detected in the cocoa samples, one of the analyzed samples was fortified with a mixed standard solution at concentrations of 50, 250, and 500 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>. The fortified analytes were subsequently detected in the chromatograms presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360/suppl_file/ao5c10360_si_001.pdf">Figures S2–S4</a>, indicating good response of the proposed method.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions</strong></h4><p>The QuEChERS–LTP procedure was successfully developed for the determination of 16 multiclass pesticide residues in cocoa beans. For the first time, ultralow temperature (−80 °C) was applied to accelerate the low-temperature partitioning process during pesticide extraction from cocoa beans. Nevertheless, conventional freezing at −12 °C proved to be more effective for the extraction of the target analytes.</p><p>Evaluation of the matrix effect demonstrated that matrix-matched analytical curves, constructed in an analyte-free cocoa bean extract, were more effective in compensating for matrix interferences than the use of analyte protectants.</p><p>The pyrethroid permethrin was quantified in four cocoa samples. However, the concentrations did not exceed the MRL established by European Union legislation.</p><p>Overall, the QuEChERS–LTP procedure proved to be a promising approach for pesticide residue determination, as it requires smaller volumes of solvents and reagents, involves fewer cleanup and extraction steps, and shows strong potential for application to other complex matrices.</p>

QuEChERS Combined with Low-Temperature Partitioning and GC–MS as an Analytical Strategy for the Determination of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Cocoa Beans

Article

Webinars

Food

Scientific article

Science and research

Video

The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Everything from the world of analytical chemistry in one place. We connect people in solving their problems. At Labrulez you will find all the necessary information easily, quickly and clearly. Stop searching and start finding.

LabRulez

Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer

Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus and UV-2700i Plus spectrophotometers deliver high performance with flexible wavelength ranges, advanced optics, and efficient software control.

<h4><strong>Versatile, Expandable Mid-Range UV Spectrophotometers for Diverse Applications</strong></h4><section><section><section><ul><li><strong>The UV-2600i Plus </strong>is a<strong> single monochromator system </strong>with an <strong>expandable wavelength range up to 1400 nm </strong>using an optional integrating sphere, making it adaptable for various needs.</li><li><strong>The UV-2700i Plus </strong>is a <strong>double monochromator system capable of 8-Abs measurements</strong>, ideal for low transmittance samples.</li></ul><p>Both models come equipped with the intuitive <strong>Shimadzu LabSolutions UV-Vis software</strong>, ensuring data integrity and ease of use. Additionally, these spectrophotometers can be <strong>scheduled to shut down or enter sleep mode </strong>to save power and lamp life, and can <strong>automatically wake up at a specified time</strong>, enhancing efficiency. Elevate your analysis with these versatile and efficient spectrophotometers.</p><h3><strong>Features</strong></h3><h3><strong>Perfect for a Wide Variety of Applications</strong></h3><p>The functionality of the <strong>UV-2600i Plus /2700i Plus</strong> can be freely expanded to suit the measurement objective. By accommodating a wealth of accessories, the system can address any user’s applications and a variety of situations. Thanks to intuitive operations, anyone can easily obtain the data required.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_e5efa72f19.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer.jpg" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_e5efa72f19.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1040" height="561"></p><h5><strong>Single monochromator UV-2600i Plus</strong></h5><p><strong>A key feature</strong> of the UV-2600i Plus equipped with a single monochromator is its<strong> measurement wavelength range</strong>. By using the optional ISR-2600Plus Integrating Sphere attachment, the measurement wavelength range can be extended from<strong> 220 nm to 1400 nm</strong>, significantly expanding its applications.</p><p><strong>Integrating Sphere Enables Measurements to 1400 nm</strong></p><p>The<strong> UV-2600i Plus</strong> is equipped with <strong>Shimadzu's proprietary LO-RAY-LIGH™ grade diffraction grating</strong>, which achieves high efficiency and low stray light levels. By installing the ISR-2600Plus two-detector integrating sphere, the <strong>300 nm to 1100 nm</strong> wavelength range of conventional models can be extended to <strong>1400 nm</strong>. In addition, the UV-2600i achieves a significant noise reduction, and can accommodate measurements of solar cell anti-reflective films and polycrystalline silicon wafers.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_11_40f2d1e598.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_11_40f2d1e598.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="365" height="228"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_12_b71fa50d8f.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_12_b71fa50d8f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1052" height="433"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_13_6adf0a1565.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_13_6adf0a1565.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1052" height="466"></p><h4><strong>Measures Slight Differences in Absorbance</strong></h4><p>Equipped with a double monochromator that achieves ultra-low stray light levels, the <strong>UV-2700i Plus</strong> is optimal for measuring low transmittance samples, such as polarization films used for LCD panels. The UV-2700i Plus is capable of <strong>8 Abs measurements</strong>, and can make accurate transmittance measurements to 1 part in 100 million, accommodating a variety of sample measurements.</p><p><strong>Achieves Ultra-Low Stray Light, Enabling 8-Abs Measurements</strong></p><p>In the case of a device equipped with a general double monochromator, the absorbance that can be covered is about<strong> </strong>5 to 6, but the UV-2700i Plus offers a range to 8 Abs, with a transmittance value of <strong>0.000001 %</strong> (1 part in 100 million). This system achieves high-level absorbance measurements with incomparable precision. In addition to measuring even high-concentration samples as is, eliminating the need to dilute samples, the system can be applied to evaluating the transmission characteristics of polarization films. Wavelengths in the<strong> 400 nm to 650 nm range</strong> can be measured to 8 Abs.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_16_a08f314ee7.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_16_a08f314ee7.jpg 164w," sizes="100vw" width="511" height="485"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_14_0d004ee208.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_14_0d004ee208.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1052" height="466"></p><p><strong>Sample Polarization Film Measurement</strong></p><p>With the rotating film holder (image below), two film samples can be set on the same optical axis. In this example, the polarization film is rotated in the plane, and the transmittance is measured when the film transmits and blocks light.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_1_5ff393836a.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_1_5ff393836a.jpg 163w," sizes="100vw" width="397" height="381"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_2_f293cd4e0e.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_2_f293cd4e0e.jpg 184w," sizes="100vw" width="450" height="381"></p><h4><strong>Enables Compliance with ER/ES Regulations and Stronger Data Management</strong></h4><div><div><p><strong>Compatible with Validation from PC Software</strong></p><p>Validation can be implemented with PC software using UV validation software. In addition to simplifying daily inspections, this makes instrument performance checks and records management easier, enabling more secure regulatory compliance.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_1900i_Plus_UV_VIS_spectrophotometer_18_1aa29e9a5d.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_1900i_Plus_UV_VIS_spectrophotometer_18_1aa29e9a5d.jpg 232w," sizes="100vw" width="450" height="302"></p><ul><li>Inspection results can not only be printed but also saved to a file, so the results can be called up later for confirmation.</li><li>The inspection parameters can also be saved to separate files for periodic and routine inspections and then called up for use.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_1900i_Plus_UV_VIS_spectrophotometer_19_7395087cba.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_1900i_Plus_UV_VIS_spectrophotometer_19_7395087cba.jpg 232w," sizes="100vw" width="450" height="302"></p><ul><li>The user can select confirmation of instrument performance indicators as per JIS K 0115 General rules for molecular absorptiometric analysis, as well as the general test methods in the Japanese Pharmacopeia. (Order inspection jigs and reagents separately.)</li></ul><p><i>Note: Optional validation software is required to support the US Pharmacopeia and European Pharmacopeia.</i></p><p><strong>Support for FDA 21 CFR Part 11, PIC/S GMP Guidelines and Other Regulations and Guidelines</strong></p><p>Ensuring the integrity of data (database management), including the user management, user authority management, and data audit trails required for compliance with <strong>FDA 21 CFR Part 11, PIC/S GMP guidelines</strong>, and <strong>other ER/ES regulations</strong> is possible.</p><p><strong>Option Software Assists with Regulation-Compliant Validation</strong></p><p>UV validation software assists with performing the measurements and calculations required for validation. The software is included standard with UV-2600i/2700i models. In addition to routine inspections, it can also be used to perform instrument validation that is compliant with Japanese, US, and European pharmacopoeias.</p><p><strong>Assist Function</strong></p><p>The instrument assists the user to ensure that measurements are performed using the correct procedure.*1</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_1900i_Plus_UV_VIS_spectrophotometer_10_a30e63a8a4.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_1900i_Plus_UV_VIS_spectrophotometer_10_a30e63a8a4.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1201" height="212"></p><p>*1 This function can be enabled/disabled.</p><p><strong>Shutdown/Wakeup Functions</strong></p><section><div><p>The instrument can be shut down, and put into sleep mode. Putting the instrument into sleep mode limits power consumption and helps preserve the lamp. After a long period of measurements, the instrument and software can automatically be shut down. After shutdown, the instrument can also be set to wake up automatically at a specified time. With this function, analysis can start the instant the user arrives at the laboratory.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_15_45b844fcc9.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_15_45b844fcc9.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="781" height="258"></p></div></section><h3><strong>Applications</strong></h3><h4><strong>Electricity, Electronics, and Optics</strong></h4><p><strong>Band Gap Measurements for Compound Semiconductors</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_3_03d8793fe0.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: The diffuse reflection spectra for two types of compound semiconductors (red line: Culn0.5Ga0.5Se2, blue line: CulnSe2) used as solar cell materials were measured using the ISR-2600Plus integrating sphere. It is evident that the absorption edge (position where the reflectance drops) differs depending on the sample. This difference signifies a difference in the band gap* for these samples. (The samples were provided by Wada Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University.) The band gaps for the samples were calculated utilizing the Tauc method. The results obtained were 1.27 eV for Culn0.5Ga0.5Se2 (red line) and 0.99 eV for CulnSe2 (blue line).  *The term band gap refers to the energy difference between the top of the valence band, which is full of electrons, and the bottom of the conduction band, which does not contain electrons." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_3_03d8793fe0.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="519" height="364"></p><h4><strong>Chemicals</strong></h4><p><strong>Thickness Measurements of Cling Films</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_4_a5e83ed3ad.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: Undulating interference waveforms sometimes occur if light is passed through a film. The film thickness of a sample can be determined by using these interference waveforms. The figure shows transmittance data for a cling film. A clear interference waveform is produced. Utilizing optional film thickness measurement software, the film thickness is calculated as 10.4 μm. (Caution) The sample's refractive index must be entered for the film thickness calculation." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_4_a5e83ed3ad.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1038" height="728"></p><h4><strong>Medicines</strong></h4><p><strong>Evaluating Thermal Stability (T<sub>m</sub>) Analysis of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_5_c80d107f38.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: Oligonucleotide therapeutics samples (9 to 60 M) were analyzed using TMSPC™-8i and 1 mm optical path length cells. Since UV-2600i Plus /2700i Plus can measure over a wide dynamic range, it is possible to perform a thermal stability analysis of nucleic acid drugs by obtaining the Tm value from the melting curve." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_5_c80d107f38.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1038" height="728"></p><h4><strong>Construction</strong></h4><p><strong>Window Glass Transmission Measurements</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_6_41420fd6ba.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: Two types of window glass were measured utilizing the ISR-2600Plus integrating sphere. The sample shown by the red line is highly transparent to near-infrared light at 800 nm or more. The sample shown by the blue line, however, is apparently not very transparent to near-infrared light." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_6_41420fd6ba.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="519" height="364"></p><h4><strong>Cosmetics</strong></h4><p><strong>Measurement of the Ultra Violet Protection Factor Assigned to Ultraviolet Protection Clothes</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_7_528f748880.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: The UV protection provided by clothes and an umbrella were analyzed by an ISR-2600Plus integrating sphere accessory. The transmittance spectrum of the umbrella (green) shows that very little UV radiation transmits through the umbrella. In regards to the clothing, the black areas block more UV radiation than do the white areas." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_7_528f748880.jpg 159w," sizes="100vw" width="474" height="465"></p><h4><strong>Textiles</strong></h4><p><strong>Total Transmittance Spectrum of CNF</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_8_adb8c09844.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: An ISR-2600Plus integrating sphere was used to measure the total transmittance spectrum of cellulose nanofiber (CNF). Depending on the raw materials used, spectra can vary, transparency can vary, and spectral tendencies in the ultraviolet region can vary." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_8_adb8c09844.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="519" height="364"></p><h4><strong>Life Sciences</strong></h4><p><strong>DNA and Protein Measurements</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_9_40a6f16a7b.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: The red and blue lines are the absorption spectra for dsDNA and BSA (bovine serum albumin), respectively. The concentration values are 45 ng/μL for dsDNA and 2.2 mg/mL for BSA." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_9_40a6f16a7b.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="519" height="364"></p><h4><strong>Foods</strong></h4><p><strong>Vitamin Measurements</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_10_c7f5e10b1e.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: This shows the absorption spectra for riboflavin (vitamin B2). The sample concentrations are, in order from the highest absorbance, 0.08, 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01 mg/mL." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_10_c7f5e10b1e.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1038" height="728"></p></div></div></section></section></section>

Products focused on NIR Spectroscopy - page 1

Related content

QuEChERS Combined with Low-Temperature Partitioning and GC–MS as an Analytical Strategy for the Determination of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Cocoa Beans

Webinars LabRulezGCMS Week 07/2026

Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription