<p><strong>Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful analytical technique widely used for compound identification, quantification, and structural elucidation. By coupling the separation efficiency of gas chromatography (GC) with the detection and identification capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS), GC-MS enables highly sensitive and specific chemical analysis.&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Understanding how GC-MS works, and its underlying principles, helps scientists optimize analytical workflows, improve accuracy, and troubleshoot effectively whether in environmental testing, drug development, or forensic investigations.</p><h3><strong>What is GC-MS?</strong></h3><p>GC-MS is a hybrid analytical technique that combines the separation power of gas chromatography with the molecular identification capability of mass spectrometry.</p><p>In gas chromatography, a vaporized sample is carried by an inert gas (such as helium or hydrogen) through a capillary column coated with a stationary phase. Each compound interacts differently with the stationary phase depending on its volatility and polarity, causing them to separate as they elute at distinct retention times.</p><p>As compounds exit the column, they enter the mass spectrometer, where they are ionized and fragmented. The mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of these ions is measured, producing a mass spectrum, a unique molecular fingerprint that enables unambiguous compound identification and quantification.</p><p>This seamless coupling of GC and MS enhances analytical performance by combining chromatographic separation with mass-based detection, allowing even trace-level compounds to be analyzed in complex matrices.</p><h3><strong>Principle of GC-MS</strong></h3><p>The principle of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry involves two fundamental processes:</p><h4><strong>Separation by Gas Chromatography</strong></h4><p>Compounds are vaporized and separated in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products?category=7&amp;manufacturerItems=50"><strong>GC column</strong></a> based on their boiling points and interaction strength with the stationary phase. Less volatile compounds or those with stronger affinity for the column elute later, giving each component a unique retention time.</p><h4><strong>Detection by Mass Spectrometry</strong></h4><p>As compounds elute, they are introduced into the MS, where they undergo ionization commonly by electron impact or chemical ionization. Ionization produces charged fragments that are separated in a mass analyzer according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio. The resulting mass spectra serve as fingerprints that enable identification and quantitation through comparison with spectral libraries.</p><p>This dual process allows GC-MS to distinguish structurally similar molecules and perform trace-level analyses in complex mixtures with exceptional accuracy.</p><h3><strong>Step-by-Step Working of GC-MS</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Sample Introduction:</strong> A liquid or gaseous sample is introduced into the GC, typically with a split or splitless inlet, where it is vaporized immediately.</li><li><strong>Separation in GC Column:</strong> The carrier gas propels the vaporized sample through a long capillary column. Compounds interact with the stationary phase, and those with greater affinity or lower volatility move slower, thus separating from other compounds.</li><li><strong>Transfer to MS:</strong> As separated analytes elute, they are transferred into the mass spectrometer via a heated interface.</li><li><strong>Ionization and Fragmentation:</strong> In the MS, an ion source generates charged ions and fragments. These fragments reflect the compound’s structure.</li><li><strong>Mass Analysis:</strong> The mass analyzer (commonly a quadrupole, but also ion trap or TOF) separates ions by m/z. Each analyte produces a unique mass spectrum.</li><li><strong>Detection and Data Output:</strong> Detectors (e.g., electron multipliers) record signal intensities at each m/z, producing a total ion chromatogram (TIC) and mass spectra, which the data system interprets for compound identification and quantification.</li></ul><h3><strong>Applications of GC-MS</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Forensic Science:</strong> Used in toxicology, drug identification, and arson investigations, GC-MS provides highly specific detection of trace evidence and controlled substances.</li><li><strong>Pharmaceuticals:</strong> Supports drug purity testing, residual solvent analysis, and metabolite profiling during formulation and quality control.</li><li><strong>Environmental Testing:</strong> Monitors pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and pollutants in air, water, and soil samples to ensure regulatory compliance.</li><li><strong>Food Safety:</strong> Detects contaminants, additives, and flavor compounds to maintain product safety and authenticity.</li><li><strong>Clinical and Biomedical Research:</strong> Used in metabolomics and clinical diagnostics to identify volatile biomarkers and metabolites relevant to disease states.</li></ul><h3><strong>Key Benefits of Using GC-MS</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>High Sensitivity and Specificity:</strong> Detects trace-level compounds in complex matrices.</li><li><strong>Comprehensive Structural Information:</strong> Mass spectra provide molecular fingerprints for precise identification.</li><li><strong>Separation and Identification Combined:</strong> Minimizes matrix interference and enhances quantitation accuracy.</li><li><strong>Wide Application Range:</strong> Suitable for environmental, pharmaceutical, food, and forensic testing.</li><li><strong>Extensive Spectral Libraries:</strong> Enables rapid identification of known and unknown compounds.</li></ul><p>A solid understanding of the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/resources/knowledge-center/gc-knowledge-center/understanding-the-essential-components-of-gas-chromatography"><strong>components of gas chromatography</strong></a> such as injectors, columns, and detectors helps analysts optimize GC-MS system performance and ensure accurate, reproducible results.</p>

GC-MS: Principles of How it Works?

<p><strong>In late February 2025, a train carrying benzene derailed in Hustopeče nad Bečvou, and within hours, a race was on to save the groundwater and surface water. One of the most toxic industrial substances began seeping into the gravel-sand subsoil. While fieldwork was underway to prevent the spread of contamination, decisions were already being made in the CXI TUL laboratories regarding how to subsequently clean up the contaminated rock environment.</strong></p><p>The accident ranks among the <strong>most serious environmental incidents in the Czech Republic in recent years</strong>. After a tanker train derailed, hundreds of<strong> metric tons of benzene leaked</strong>; due to the highly permeable geological subsoil, it quickly seeped into deeper soil layers and into the groundwater. The combination of the substance’s high toxicity and local conditions complicated both the emergency response and the subsequent remediation. The key was to stop further spread, determine the extent of the contamination, and establish a remediation strategy for the entire site.</p><p>It was at this stage that CXI TUL became involved in the solution. At the request of the renowned remediation company DEKONTA, a.s., a team led by <strong>RNDr. Jan Němeček, Ph.D.</strong>, began testing the feasibility of the<strong> in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) method</strong>. This technology is designed to<strong> break down benzene directly within the rock matrix</strong>, without the need for extensive excavation of contaminated soil or the pumping out of large volumes of groundwater. The goal was simple: to find a method that would work quickly, safely, and under the actual conditions of the affected site.</p><h4><strong>Benzene Remediation: Technically Simple, Complicated in Practice</strong></h4><p>Benzene is a highly toxic and carcinogenic substance that rapidly penetrates into groundwater in permeable subsoil, where it dissolves and spreads further as the water flows toward surface water bodies. Benzene also binds to rock particles and migrates in the form of vapors into overlying unconsolidated layers.</p><p>Scientists in Liberec therefore tested <i>in situ </i>chemical oxidation (ISCO) technology under laboratory conditions. The goal was to find an oxidant capable of breaking down benzene directly underground into less hazardous substances.</p><p>The tests evaluated two main options:<strong> activated hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxodisulfate</strong>. Both substances removed up to<strong> 99.99% of the benzene</strong>, but there was a difference in their kinetics and impacts on the natural environment. Activated hydrogen peroxide achieved nearly complete degradation of the contaminant within a single day. Activated sodium peroxodisulfate was slower and also significantly altered the chemistry of the water; it acidified the environment and increased the sulfate content in the water, which poses an additional environmental burden.</p><p>For field applications, the researchers therefore unequivocally recommended <strong>activated hydrogen peroxide</strong>.</p><h4><strong>Dosage Matters</strong></h4><p>It was not just the oxidant’s effectiveness that was key. It was equally important to determine how the chemical reaction would behave in a real geological environment. The team of scientists therefore also analyzed what is known as <strong>soil oxidant consumption (SOD)</strong>. It turned out that a significant portion of the oxidizing agent does not react solely with benzene but is also consumed to a significant extent by the rock environment itself, particularly by natural organic substances present in the fine-grained fraction of the soil.</p><p>An oxidant consumption value was determined specifically for the local composition of the aquifers, which is essential for the correct dosing of chemicals in the field so that the remediation is not only effective but also economically viable and safe for surrounding ecosystems.</p><h4><strong>One Year After the Accident: Research Turns into Real-World Assistance</strong></h4><p>While the public often perceives university science as a distant world of laboratories and grant projects, it is precisely situations like this that demonstrate its practical impact. The results of the work by researchers at CXI TUL did not remain confined to academic studies but directly influenced decisions regarding the technology used to clean up one of the largest environmental accidents in recent years.</p>

Science on the Front Lines: Cleanup of a Benzene Spill

Analytical Challenges and Strategies for Compound Identification Using Gas Chromatography–Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Article

Academy

Environment

Scientific article

Science and research

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The Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovations of the Technical University of Liberec, also known as CXI TUL, was founded in 2009. Our mission is to support TUL's long-term vision of collaboration with industry and innovation.

CXI TUL

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-1MS GC Columns

Zebron ZB-1MS is a very low bleed (MS Certified) especially suited to high sensitivity GC-MS

<p><strong>Low Bleed Performance for GC-MS</strong></p><ul><li>Very low bleed (MS Certified) especially suited to high sensitivity GC-MS</li><li>Improved signal-to-noise ratio for better sensitivity and mass spectral integrity</li><li>Extremely inert for active compounds such as drugs, pesticides, acids, and bases</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1_PLUS_86c4e49f06.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-1MS" width="235" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><ul><li>Acids, Amines, Diesel Fuel, Drugs, Flavors &amp; Fragrances, PCBs, (EPA Method 1668), Pesticides, Solvent Impurities, Sulfur Compounds</li></ul><p><strong>Alternative to Any MS-Certified 100 % Dimethylpolysiloxane Phase:</strong></p><ul><li>DB®-1ms</li><li>MDN-1</li><li>SOLGEL-1ms™</li><li>HP-1ms</li><li>Rtx®-1MS</li><li>Equity®-1</li><li>AT-1ms</li><li>VF-1ms</li><li>P-Sil 5 CB</li></ul>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-35 GC Columns

Zebron ZB-35 is an intermediate polarity column for high molecular weight analysis

<p><strong>Low Bleed, Intermediate Polarity Selectivity for GC-MS</strong></p><ul><li>Intermediate polarity column for high molecular weight analysis</li><li>Inert to minimize analyte adsorption, improve efficiency, and reproducibility</li><li>More rugged (longer column life) than other polar phases</li><li>Excellent for trace analysis with bleed-sensitive detectors (MS, FID, ECD, NPD)</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1701_75b9286de0.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-35" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1701_75b9286de0.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><ul><li>Amines, Aroclors, Drugs, EPA Methods (508, 608, 8081, 8141, 8151), Pesticides, Pharmaceuticals, Semi-volatiles, Steroids</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_35_dc84d61d90.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-35" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_35_dc84d61d90.jpg 174w," sizes="100vw" width="726" height="651"></p><p><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from any 35 % phenyl / 65 % dimethylpolysiloxane phase:</strong></p><h5><strong>Agilent®</strong></h5><ul><li>DB®-35</li><li>DB-35ms</li><li>HP-35</li><li>HP-35ms&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>Restek®</strong></h5><ul><li>Rtx®-35</li><li>Rtx-35ms&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>SGE®</strong></h5><ul><li>&nbsp;BP1</li><li>BPX1-SimDBPX3 BPX608</li></ul><h5><strong>Supelco®</strong></h5><ul><li>SPB®-35</li><li>MDN-35</li><li>SPB-608&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>OV®</strong></h5><ul><li>OV-11<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-5 GC Columns

Zebron ZB-5 is a rugged, versatile low polarity column for general lab purpose

<p><strong>Low Polarity For A Wide Application Range</strong></p><ul><li>Rugged, versatile low polarity column for general lab purpose</li><li>Resilient to dirty samples—long column life</li><li>Low bleed (MS Certified) especially suited to high sensitivity work using GC-MS</li><li>Extremely inert for active compounds such as drugs or pesticides</li><li>Great column for unknown samples</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-5" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Applications</strong></h5><ul><li>Alkaloids, Dioxins, Drugs, Essential Oils, Flavors, FAMEs, Halo-hydrocarbons, PCBs/Aroclors, Pesticides/Herbicides, Phenols, Residual Solvents</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_1a2fcd67cb.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-5" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_1a2fcd67cb.jpg 134w," sizes="100vw" width="669" height="780"></p><p><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from any 5% phenyl / 95% dimethylpolysiloxane phase</strong></p><h5><strong>Agilent®</strong></h5><ul><li>DB®-5</li><li>HP-5</li><li>HP-PAS-5</li><li>CP-Sil 8 CB</li><li>Ultra 2</li></ul><h5><strong>Restek®</strong></h5><ul><li>Rtx®-5</li></ul><h5><strong>SGE®</strong></h5><ul><li>&nbsp;BP5</li><li>BPX5</li></ul><h5><strong>Supelco®</strong></h5><ul><li>SPB®-5</li><li>MDN-5</li><li>PTE-5</li><li>SE-54</li><li>PTA-5</li><li>Sac-5</li><li>Ecquity®-5&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>OV®</strong></h5><ul><li>OV-5</li></ul><h5><strong>General Selection Guidelines</strong></h5><p>The following selection guidelines are for choosing a Zebron 5 phase column. Please contact your Phenomenex representative for additional assistance.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_General_Selection_Guidelines_e293a90e46.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: General Selection Guidelines" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_General_Selection_Guidelines_e293a90e46.jpg 171w," sizes="100vw" width="1091" height="994"></p><h5><strong>5 % Phenyl Phases</strong></h5><ul><li>Versatile for a wide analyte range</li><li>Available in standard, inert, and high temperature style</li><li>Replace 5% phenyl 95 % dimethylpolysiloxane phases from Agilent®, Restek®, Supelco®, and other manufacturers</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_5_Phenyl_Phases_fc8e8e9873.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: 5 % Phenyl Phases" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_5_Phenyl_Phases_fc8e8e9873.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="905" height="622"></p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-50 GC Columns

Zebron ZB-50 is a high polarity column with temperature limits up to 340 ˚C allows high temperature bake out to remove contaminants

<p><strong>Robust Results, Rugged Performance</strong></p><ul><li>High polarity column with temperature limits up to 340 ˚C allows high temperature bake out to remove contaminants</li><li>Excellent inertness to minimize analyte adsorption, improve efficiency, and reproducibility</li><li>More rugged (longer column life) than other polar phases</li><li>Excellent for trace analysis with bleed-sensitive detectors</li><li>Great for drug screening and environmental compounds</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-50" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><ul><li>Antidepressants, Aroclors, Cholesterols, Drugs of Abuse, EPA Methods (508, 608, 8081, 8141, 8151), Glycols, Pesticides/Herbicides, Steroids, Triglycerides</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_50_e629cb3dd9.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-50" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_50_e629cb3dd9.jpg 162w," sizes="100vw" width="714" height="689"></p><p><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from any 50% phenyl / 50% dimethylpolysiloxane phase</strong></p><h5><strong>Agilent®</strong></h5><ul><li>DB®-17</li><li>DB-17ht</li><li>DB-17ms</li><li>DB-17 EVDX</li></ul><h5><strong>Restek®</strong></h5><ul><li>Rtx®-50</li></ul><h5><strong>SGE®</strong></h5><ul><li>BPX50</li></ul><h5><strong>Supelco®</strong></h5><ul><li>SP®-2250</li><li>SPB®-17</li><li>SPB-50</li></ul><h5><strong>Zebron GC Column Benefits</strong></h5><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_GC_Column_Benefits_de6be151ef.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron GC Column Benefits" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_GC_Column_Benefits_de6be151ef.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1297" height="742"></p>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-5MSi GC Columns

Zebron ZB-5MSi is a highly inert for improved peak shape of acidic/basic compounds, drugs of abuse, and pesticides

<p><strong>Inert, Low Bleed 5% Phenyl Selectivity</strong></p><ul><li>Highly inert for improved peak shape of acidic/basic compounds, drugs of abuse, and pesticides</li><li>MS certified low bleed levels provide maximum sensitivity</li><li>Industry leading QC specifications ensure column-to-column performance</li><li>Traditional bonding chemistry provides the same selectivity as other 5% phenyl columns</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-5MSi" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Applications</strong></h5><ul><li>Drugs, EPA Methods, FAMEs, Nitrosamines, Pesticides, Phenols</li></ul><p><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from any 5% phenyl / 95% dimethylpolysiloxane phase</strong></p><h5><strong>Agilent®</strong></h5><ul><li>DB®-5</li><li>HP-5</li><li>HP-5ms</li><li>HP-5msi</li></ul><h5><strong>Restek®</strong></h5><ul><li>Rtx®-5</li><li>Rtx-5MS</li><li>Rtx-5Amine</li><li>Rxi-5ms</li></ul><h5><strong>SGE®</strong></h5><ul><li>BP5</li><li>BPX5</li></ul><h5><strong>Supelco®</strong></h5><ul><li>SPB®-5</li><li>MDN-5</li><li>Ecquity®-5&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>OV®</strong></h5><ul><li>OV-5</li></ul><h5><strong>General Selection Guidelines</strong></h5><p>The following selection guidelines are for choosing a Zebron 5 phase column. Please contact your Phenomenex representative for additional assistance.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_General_Selection_Guidelines_e293a90e46.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: General Selection Guidelines" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_General_Selection_Guidelines_e293a90e46.jpg 171w," sizes="100vw" width="1091" height="994"></p><h5><strong>5 % Phenyl Phases</strong></h5><ul><li>Versatile for a wide analyte range</li><li>Available in standard, inert, and high temperature styles</li><li>Replace 5% phenyl 95 % dimethylpolysiloxane phases from Agilent®, Restek®, Supelco®, and other manufacturers</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_5_Phenyl_Phases_fc8e8e9873.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: 5 % Phenyl Phases" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_5_Phenyl_Phases_fc8e8e9873.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="905" height="622"></p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-5ms GC Columns

Zebron ZB-5ms  is the most popular starting column for method developers

<p><strong>Low Bleed Performance for GC-MS</strong></p><ul><li>Most popular starting column for method developers</li><li>Arylene Matrix Technology™ (AMT) provides a highly stable arylene phase for enhanced resolution of PAHs and multi-ring aromatic compounds</li><li>Low bleed (MS certified) especially suited to high sensitivity work using GC-MS</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-5ms" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Applications</strong></h5><ul><li>Acids, Alkaloids, Amines, Dioxins, Drugs, EPA Methods (525, 610, 625, 8100), Essential Oils, Flavors, FAMEs, Halo-hydrocarbons, PCBs/Aroclors, Pesticides/Herbicides, Phenols, Residual Solvents, Semivolatiles, Solvent Impurities</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5ms_2382c70a05.jpg" alt="Phenomenex - Zebron ZB-5ms" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5ms_2382c70a05.jpg 151w," sizes="100vw" width="602" height="621"></p><p><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from any 5 % phenyl-arylene /</strong><br><strong>95 % dimethylpolysiloxane phase:</strong></p><h5><strong>Agilent®</strong></h5><ul><li>DB®-5ms</li><li>DB-5.625</li><li>DB-5ms EVDX</li><li>CP-Sil 8 CB MS</li><li>VF-5ms</li></ul><h5><strong>Restek®</strong></h5><ul><li>Rtx®-5Sil MS</li></ul><h5><strong>SGE®</strong></h5><ul><li>SLB®-5ms</li></ul><h5><strong>General Selection Guidelines</strong></h5><p>The following selection guidelines are for choosing a Zebron 5 phase column. Please contact your Phenomenex representative for additional assistance.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_General_Selection_Guidelines_e293a90e46.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: General Selection Guidelines" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_General_Selection_Guidelines_e293a90e46.jpg 171w," sizes="100vw" width="1091" height="994"></p><h5><strong>5 % Phenyl-Arylene Phases</strong></h5><ul><li>Improve separations for aromatic analytes</li><li>Available in standard, inert, and application-based styles</li><li>Replace 5% phenyl-arylene 95% dimethylpolysiloxane phases from Agilent®, Restek®, Supelco®, and other manufacturers</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_5_Phenyl_Arylene_Phases_605ad9bf97.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: 5 % Phenyl-Arylene Phases" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_5_Phenyl_Arylene_Phases_605ad9bf97.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="908" height="623"></p><h5>&nbsp;<strong>Consistent response after more than 700 samples at pH 2!&nbsp;</strong></h5><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Consistent_response_after_more_than_700_samples_at_p_H_2_1c343cde52.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Consistent response after more than 700 samples at pH 2" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Consistent_response_after_more_than_700_samples_at_p_H_2_1c343cde52.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="907" height="291"><strong> &nbsp;</strong></p>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-624 GC Columns

Zebron ZB-624  is widely used phase to separate volatile organic flavor and fragrance additives and residual solvents in industrial or pharmaceutical products

<p><strong>Robust Results for VOCs and Residual Solvents</strong></p><ul><li>Widely used phase to separate volatile organic flavor and fragrance additives and residual solvents in industrial or pharmaceutical products (OVIs)</li><li>Popular choice for residual solvent testing</li><li>Excellent for US EPA Methods 501.3, 502.2, 503.1, 524.2, 601, 602, 624, 8010, 8015, 8020, 8021, 8240, 8260</li><li>Specifically designed for the separation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)</li><li>Increased temperature limit speeds run times and re-equilibration</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-624" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><ul><li>EPA Methods (501.3, 502.2, 503.1, 524.2, 601, 602, 624, 8010, 8015, 8020, 8021, 8240, 8260), Pharmaceuticals, Residual Solvents, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_624_971ffc45e5.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-624" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_624_971ffc45e5.jpg 163w," sizes="100vw" width="684" height="655"></p><p><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from any 6 % cyanopropylphenyl / 94 % dimethylpolysiloxane phase:</strong></p><h5><strong>Agilent®</strong></h5><ul><li>DB®-624</li><li>DB-1301</li><li>DB-VRX</li><li>HP-VOC</li><li>CP-1301</li><li>CP-Select 624 CB</li></ul><h5><strong>Restek®</strong></h5><ul><li>Rtx®-624</li><li>Rtx-1301</li><li>Rtx-VMS</li></ul><h5><strong>SGE®</strong></h5><ul><li>BPX624</li></ul><p><strong>Supelco®</strong></p><ul><li>SPB®-624</li><li>SPB-1301</li></ul><p><strong>OV®</strong></p><ul><li>OV-624</li></ul><h5><strong>Zebron GC Column Benefits</strong></h5><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_GC_Column_Benefits_de6be151ef.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron GC Column Benefits" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_GC_Column_Benefits_de6be151ef.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1297" height="742"></p><p>&nbsp;</p>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-WAX GC Columns

Zebron ZB-WAX is a bonded, solvent rinsable phase excellent for separating polar complex mixtures

<p><strong>PEG Versatility for Solvents, Acids, and Amines</strong></p><ul><li>Bonded, solvent rinsable phase excellent for separating polar complex mixtures</li><li>GC-MS Certified low bleed levels</li><li>Low activity for amines</li><li>Excellent separations of polar complex mixtures; widely used for profiling and “fingerprinting”</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_WAX_85cadc4b26.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-WAX" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_WAX_85cadc4b26.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><ul><li>Alcohols, Aldehydes, Aromatics, Basic Compounds, Essential Oils, Flavors &amp; Fragrances, Glycols, Pharmaceuticals, Solvents, Styrene, Xylene Isomers</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_WAX_36e9d3a317.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-WAX" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_WAX_36e9d3a317.jpg 151w," sizes="100vw" width="629" height="648"></p><p><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from any polyethylene glycol phase:</strong></p><h5><strong>Agilent®</strong></h5><ul><li>DB®-WAXetr</li><li>HP-INNOWax</li><li>CP-Wax 57 CB</li></ul><h5><strong>Restek®</strong></h5><ul><li>Rtx®-WAX</li><li>Famewax</li><li>Stabilwax®-DB</li></ul><h5><strong>SGE®</strong></h5><ul><li>SolGel-WAX</li></ul><p><strong>Supelco®</strong></p><ul><li>Met-Wax</li><li>Omegawax</li></ul>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-XLB GC Columns

Zebron ZB-XLB is an unique, low polarity si-arylene column

<p><strong>Extra Low Bleed</strong></p><ul><li>Unique, low polarity si-arylene column</li><li>Engineered specifically for use with bleed sensitive detectors such as MS</li><li>Provides alternate selectivity to standard 5-type phases</li><li>Often used for confirmation of pesticides, PCBs, or other environmental samples</li><li>Good tool for sample screening to identify unknown contaminants</li></ul><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><ul><li>Herbicides / Insecticides, PCBs, Pesticides , Unknown Samples</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_XLB_24bf657d8c.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-XLB" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_XLB_24bf657d8c.jpg 145w," sizes="100vw" width="688" height="741"></p><p><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from these similar* phases:</strong></p><h5><strong>Agilent®</strong></h5><ul><li>DB®-XLB</li><li>VF-XMS</li></ul><h5><strong>Restek®</strong></h5><ul><li>Rxi®-XLB</li><li>Rtx®-XLB</li></ul><p><strong>Supelco®</strong></p><ul><li>MDN-12</li></ul><p><strong>*not exact equivalent, selectivity may differ</strong></p>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-FFAP GC Columns

Zebron ZB-FFAP - Popular choice for food industry method development

<p><strong>Improved Resolution for Free Fatty Acids</strong></p><ul><li>Popular choice for food industry method development</li><li>High polarity column with excellent thermal and chemical stability</li><li>Improve peak shape for underivatized acids, organic acids, free fatty acids, and alcohols</li><li>Bonded, solvent rinsable nitroterephthalic acid modified polyethylene glycolphase</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_WAX_85cadc4b26.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-FFAP" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_WAX_85cadc4b26.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Applications</strong></h5><ul><li>Acrylates, Alcohols, Aldehydes, Free Fatty Acids, Ketones, Organic Acids, Phenols, Volatile Free Acids</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_FFAP_131d038bab.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-FFAP." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_FFAP_131d038bab.jpg 164w," sizes="100vw" width="670" height="636"></p><p><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from any nitroterephthalic acid modified polyethylene glycol phase:</strong></p><h5><strong>Agilent®</strong></h5><ul><li>DB®-FFAP</li><li>HP-FFAP</li><li>CP-Wax 58 FFAP CB</li><li>CP-FFAP CB</li></ul><h5><strong>Restek®</strong></h5><ul><li>Stabilwax®-DA</li></ul><h5><strong>SGE®</strong></h5><ul><li>BP21</li></ul><h5><strong>Supelco®</strong></h5><ul><li>Nukol</li><li>SPB®-1000</li></ul><h5><strong>OV®</strong></h5><ul><li>OV-351</li></ul>

Products from category GC columns - page 7

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