<p><strong>Scientists at IOCB Prague are uncovering new details of gene transcription. They have identified a previously unknown molecular mechanism by which the transcription of genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into ribonucleic acid (RNA) can be initiated. The researchers focused on a specific class of molecules known as alarmones, which are found in cells across a wide range of organisms and whose levels often increase under conditions of cellular stress. The results were published in the prestigious scientific journal </strong><i><strong>Nature Chemical Biology</strong></i><strong>.</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Hana Cahová, head of the Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids research group." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"></p><div><p>Molecules of ribonucleic acid can carry a variety of chemical modifications at one end, known as caps. In eukaryotic organisms, including human cells, the best-known cap plays an important role in RNA stability and in regulating its subsequent fate. In recent years, however, it has become clear that alternative, non-canonical RNA caps also exist, although their formation and the mechanisms by which they are attached to RNA remain only partially understood. These include alarmone caps, formed by dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules, that protect cellular RNA at moments when the cell is under threat.</p><p>In their study,<strong> </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cahova.group.uochb.cz/en"><strong>Dr. Hana Cahová</strong></a> and colleagues examined bacterial RNA polymerase and investigated how this enzyme can initiate transcription using dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpNs) instead of the standard RNA building blocks. For the first time, the scientists described, at the atomic level, how RNA bearing an alarmone cap can be generated directly at the initiation of gene transcription. They also observed that NpNs bind through a different type of base pairing than is typically observed.</p><p>The work was significantly shaped by <strong>Valentina Serianni from Hana Cahová’s team</strong>, who demonstrated the ability of dinucleoside polyphosphates to initiate gene transcription, and by <strong>Jana Škerlová</strong>, who focused on the structural analysis of RNA polymerase. Using cryogenic electron microscopy data, she showed how dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules bind within the active site of RNA polymerase – that is, the core of the enzyme where genetic information is transcribed. Together, their findings help to elucidate the processes that accompany the transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA.</p><p>Hana Cahová adds: <i>“We’re describing something that truly occurs in cells and that we’re now able to observe directly at the level of individual molecules. This allows us to answer fundamental questions about cellular processes, such as how cells adapt to stress. RNA plays a central role in this, as it carries the cascade of information underlying any cellular response – for example, to threatening conditions caused by nutrient deprivation or temperature shock.”</i></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Tomáš Kouba, head of the Cryogenic Electron Microscopy core facility." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"></p><div><p>Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was central to the project. This part of the work was led by<strong> Dr. Tomáš Kouba</strong>, one of the authors of the study. <i>“Cryogenic electron microscopy allows us to freeze biological molecules in a state very close to their natural form and then determine their three-dimensional structure. This makes it possible to look directly into the active centers of enzymes and observe their function down to the atomic level,”</i> he explains.</p><p>Last year, IOCB Prague opened a new <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cryoem.group.uochb.cz/en"><strong>cryo-EM center</strong></a><strong> </strong>that is unique within the Czech research environment. State-of-the-art cryogenic electron microscopes are housed in a specially designed building and enable the study of biological processes with exceptional structural precision.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: This work shows how NpnNs initiate bacterial transcription. Cryo-EM reveals how nucleobases pair with the template: one in canonical and one in reverse Watson–Crick mode, providing a structural basis for their function as non-canonical RNA caps." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1077"></p><blockquote><h4><strong>The Original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41589-025-02134-5"><strong>Molecular insight into 5′ RNA capping with Np<sub>n</sub>Ns by bacterial RNA polymerase</strong></a></h4><p>Valentina M. Serianni, Jana Škerlová, Anna Knopp Dubánková, Anton Škríba, Hana Šváchová, Tereza Vučková, Anatolij Filimoněnko, Milan Fábry, Pavlína Řezáčová, Tomáš Kouba &amp; Hana Cahova&nbsp;</p><p>Nat. Chem. Biol. 21 (2026)</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><h4><strong>Abstract</strong></h4><p>RNA capped with dinucleoside polyphosphates has been discovered in bacteria and eukaryotes only recently. The likely mechanism of this specific capping involves direct incorporation of dinucleoside polyphosphates by RNA polymerase as noncanonical initiating nucleotides. However, how these compounds bind into the active site of RNA polymerase during transcription initiation is unknown. Here, we explored transcription initiation in vitro, using a series of DNA templates in combination with dinucleoside polyphosphates and model RNA polymerase from <i>Thermus</i> <i>thermophilus</i>. We observed that the transcription start site can vary on the basis of the compatibility of the specific template and dinucleoside polyphosphate. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of transcription initiation complexes with dinucleoside polyphosphates revealed that both nucleobase moieties can pair with the DNA template. The first encoded nucleotide pairs in a canonical Watson–Crick manner, whereas the second nucleobase pairs noncanonically in a reverse Watson–Crick manner. Our work provides a structural explanation of how dinucleoside polyphosphates initiate RNA transcription.</p></div></div>

Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription

<p><strong>In the week of February 9, the following webinars await you in the field of gas / solid phase and especially Raman, FTIR, GC and GC/MS.</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 000 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><div><div><div><div><div><div><h5><strong>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Process Raman – A Reliable and Versatile Tool for Downstream Process Monitoring and Control for mAb Production</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 10.2.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5808">Registration</a></li></ul><p>The presentation highlights how process Raman spectroscopy offers several advantages over traditional in-line UV-Vis analysis for process monitoring and metabolite production control in mAb manufacturing.</p><h5><strong>2. Wasson-ECE Instrumentation: The Data Driven Plant – How AI Transforms Chemical Manufacturing</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 10.2.2026 21:30 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5744">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Explore how artificial intelligence is applied to improve process efficiency, monitoring, and decision-making in modern chemical manufacturing.</p><h5><strong>3. New Food Magazine: The Science of Next-Gen Ingredients – Fermentation, Formulation and Function</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 11.2.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5720">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how fermentation-driven innovation is transforming functional food ingredients, with analytical insights to optimize flavour, functionality, and product stability.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Webinars LabRulezGCMS Week 07/2026

<p><strong>This study presents an analytical strategy combining QuEChERS extraction with low-temperature partitioning (LTP) for the determination of multiclass pesticide residues in cocoa beans by GC–MS. Extraction conditions were optimized using a fractional factorial design, resulting in a simple and efficient workflow suitable for complex cocoa matrices.</strong></p><p>The validated method showed satisfactory limits of detection and quantification, recoveries within 70–120%, and good overall performance. Application to cocoa samples from Brazil detected permethrin in several samples, demonstrating that the QuEChERS–LTP approach is an effective and reliable cleanup strategy for routine pesticide residue analysis in cocoa.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360"><strong>QuEChERS Combined with Low-Temperature Partitioning and GC–MS as an Analytical Strategy for the Determination of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Cocoa Beans</strong></a></h4><p>Priscilla M. de Freitas Machado, Madson M. Nascimento, Paulo R. R. Mesquita, Manuela B. Nascimento, Lilian Lefol N. Guarieiro, Gisele O. da Rocha, Jailson B. de Andrade, Raildo M. de Jesus*</p><p>ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63464–63473</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><p>Cocoa is best known as the primary raw material for chocolate but is also processed into products such as cocoa butter, biscuits, cocoa honey, and cocoa powder. Cocoa powder is derived from roasted, pressed, and milled nibs, containing on average 20% (w/w) lipids on a dry basis and less than 9% moisture. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3,4)</a></p><p>According to the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA), pesticides such as atrazine, bifenthrin, cyproconazole, metalaxyl, tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin, and permethrin are approved for use in Brazil. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> However, among these, only metalaxyl, trifloxystrobin, and tebuconazole are authorized by the European Union. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a> Thus, investigating these contaminants in cocoa samples is of utmost importance, as Brazil is one of the largest cocoa exporters, supplying cocoa commodities to South America, the United States, and the European Union. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> Furthermore, Organochlorine pesticides, in particular, belong to the class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Although banned in many countries, they continue to be used in some developing nations because of their chemical stability, resistance to degradation, volatility, and high lipophilicity, which promote bioaccumulation and neurotoxicity. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15)</a> Epidemiological evidence also associates their exposure with Parkinson’s disease, certain cancers, diabetes, and endometriosis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(16)</a></p><p>Residues of pesticides in cocoa have been reported in various studies. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> Analyzing pesticide residues in cocoa presents analytical challenges due to the matrix’s complexity, comprising high lipid content, fatty acids and esters, sugars, polyphenols, and caffeine. These components can interfere with extraction efficiency and contaminate analytical instrumentation. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> Therefore, efficient sample preparation methods incorporating effective cleanup steps are essential for accurate residue determination.</p><p>Several techniques have been employed for multiresidue pesticide analysis in cocoa. For instance, Idowu et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19)</a> quantified 14 organochlorines using Soxhlet extraction and silica/Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> cleanup, with GC ECD detection. Okoffo et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20)</a> determined 13 organophosphates and 9 pyrethroids employing SPE cartridges (Envi-carb/LC-NH<sub>2</sub> and Bond Elute C18), acetonitrile extraction, and GC PFPD or GC ECD quantification. Yusiasih et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(21)</a> applied dispersive SPE with PSA, Florisil, and MgSO<sub>4</sub> for pyrethroids, followed by GC ECD and GC–MS.</p><p>Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a QuEChERS–LTP analytical procedure for the determination of multiclass pesticide residues in cocoa beans. The factors that affect the QuEChERS–LTP procedure efficiency were optimized. After validation, the procedure was employed to investigate the occurrence of 15 multiclass pesticides in cocoa samples.</p><h4><strong>Experimental Section</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instrumental Apparatus</strong></h5><p>Pesticide separation and identification were performed on a Shimadzu <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GC-MS-QP2010SE"><strong>GC-MS-QP2010SE</strong></a> system (Kyoto, Japan) equipped with an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=AOC-20i"><strong>AOC-20i autosampler</strong></a>. Separation was achieved using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=DB-5MS"><strong>Agilent DB-5MS capillary column</strong></a> (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) with a stationary phase of 5% phenyl/95% dimethylpolysiloxane. The instrumental conditions were based on Nascimento et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(49)</a> and they are summarized in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#tbl4">Table 4</a>.</p><p>For quantification, the base peak was used, while two additional ions were monitored for confirmation (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360/suppl_file/ao5c10360_si_001.pdf">Table S2</a>) in accordance with SANTE guidelines. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(50)</a> A GC–MS/SIM chromatogram illustrating the separation of all target pesticides is presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#fig5">Figure 5</a>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_5_Extracted_ion_chromatogram_EIC_in_SIM_mode_of_the_target_pesticides_f2461c14f4.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63464–63473: Figure 5. Extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) in SIM mode of the target pesticides obtained from the injection of a mixed standard solution at 100 μg L–1. Analytes are listed in order of elution: [1] Molinate (6.18 min); [2] α-HCH (8.15 min); [3] atrazine-d5 (8.69 min); [4] atrazine (8.75 min); [5] diazinon (9.31 min); [6] disulfoton (9.67 min); [7] dimethachlor (10.60 min); [8] metalaxyl (11.25 min); [9] p,p′-DDE (15.82 min); [10] cyproconazole I (16.50 min); [11] cyproconazole II (16.56 min); [12] p,p′-DDD (17.29 min); [13] ethion (17.34 min); [14] trifloxystrobin (18.43 min); [15] tebuconazole (19.13 min); [16] bifenthrin (20.47 min); [17] permethrin I (23.92 min); [18] permethrin II (24.18 min)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_5_Extracted_ion_chromatogram_EIC_in_SIM_mode_of_the_target_pesticides_f2461c14f4.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2080" height="835"></p><h5><strong>Application of the Proposed Procedure to Real Samples</strong></h5><p>In a 50 mL Falcon tube, 2.0 g of sample was weighed using an analytical balance (AUX320, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). A total of 2.0 g of salt (NaCl and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> in a 1:1 w/w ratio) was added, followed by an aliquot of the atrazine-<i>d</i><sub>5</sub> solution (surrogate standard) to yield a final concentration of 250 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>. A mixture of acetonitrile (8.0 mL) and ultrapure water (2.0 mL) was then added. The system was vortexed (K40-10208, Kasvi, São Paulo, Brazil) for 3.0 min at 2500 rpm and centrifuged (MPW-351R, MPW Med. Instruments, Warsaw, Poland) for 10.0 min at 15 °C and 10,000 rpm. After phase separation, approximately 6.0 mL of the supernatant was transferred to a Falcon tube containing 150.0 mg of PSA sorbent. The mixture was vortexed again for 3.0 min at 2500 rpm and centrifuged for an additional 10.0 min under the same conditions. The tubes were then placed in the freezer for 24 h. Once the aqueous phase had frozen, the organic extract containing the analytes was collected, filtered through a Cytiva Whatman MiniUniprep G2 vial with a 0.20 μm membrane filter (Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA), and injected into the GC–MS system (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#fig6">Figure 6</a>).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_6_Schematic_representation_of_the_extraction_procedure_using_the_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_LTP_procedure_for_pesticide_extraction_in_cocoa_powder_samples_ed58549bcf.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63464–63473: Figure 6. Schematic representation of the extraction procedure using the QuEChERS–LTP procedure for pesticide extraction in cocoa powder samples." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_6_Schematic_representation_of_the_extraction_procedure_using_the_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_LTP_procedure_for_pesticide_extraction_in_cocoa_powder_samples_ed58549bcf.jpg 223w," sizes="100vw" width="1458" height="1022"></p><h4><strong>Results and Discussion</strong></h4><h5><strong>Evaluation of the Effect of Low and Ultralow Temperatures on the Analytical Response</strong></h5><p>Studies reporting the use of LTP generally employ a conventional freezer, which typically reaches −18 ± 2 °C as the minimum temperature. In this equipment, effective phase separation can require 8 to 24 h. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(35−37)</a> In contrast, ultralow temperature freezers (ultrafreezers) can reach −80 °C, leading to a substantial reduction in partitioning time. In this study, tests performed with the conventional freezer achieved satisfactory partitioning after 24 h, whereas in the ultrafreezer, complete partitioning was observed in only 20 min.</p><p>Considering the analytical response in terms of peak area (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#fig3">Figure 3</a>), higher signals were obtained when LTP was performed in a conventional freezer rather than an ultrafreezer. This behavior can be attributed to the partitioning mechanism. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(32)</a> Partitioning depends on cooling and the subsequent freezing of the aqueous phase. In the conventional freezer, the slower freezing rate provides sufficient time for the system to approach thermodynamic equilibrium, favoring analyte diffusion between phases. Under these conditions, analyte molecules have more time to migrate and distribute optimally before complete solidification. In contrast, the rapid freezing in the ultrafreezer may trap analytes in a nonideal distribution, reducing the efficiency of the partitioning process <a href="javascript:void(0);">(32)</a> (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#fig3">Figure 3</a>). According to these observations, the conventional freezer was selected for subsequent experiments.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_3_Comparison_of_chromatographic_peak_areas_of_pesticides_after_partitioning_in_the_conventional_freezer_versus_the_ultrafreezer_9598bcfec3.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63464–63473: Figure 3. Comparison of chromatographic peak areas of pesticides after partitioning in the conventional freezer versus the ultrafreezer." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_3_Comparison_of_chromatographic_peak_areas_of_pesticides_after_partitioning_in_the_conventional_freezer_versus_the_ultrafreezer_9598bcfec3.jpg 175w," sizes="100vw" width="996" height="891"></p><h5><strong>Application to Real Samples</strong></h5><p>Fifteen samples were analyzed in triplicate, comprising two from the State of Pará and 12 from the State of Bahia, located in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, respectively. Among the 15 pesticides investigated, only permethrin isomers were quantified in four samples (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#tbl3">Table 3</a>). The herbicide molinate was also detected in three samples; however, its concentration was below LOQ. Permethrin isomers concentrations ranged from 17.1 ± 0.3 to 49.6 ± 1.8 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>. These values are below the MRL established by European Union regulation, which is 100 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(42)</a> Although permethrin is not permitted in the European Union, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(42)</a> it remains authorized for use as insecticide in Brazil, particularly in crops such as cotton, rice, coffee, citrus, cabbage, beans, tobacco, maize, soybean, tomato, wheat, and grape. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> However, no MRL values have been established for cocoa beans under Brazilian legislation. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#tbl3">Table 3</a> shows the concentration of detected compounds in the cocoa samples.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Table_3_Mean_Concentrations_mg_kg_1_Standard_Deviation_of_Target_Pesticides_Detected_in_This_Study_2427955699.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63464–63473: Table 3. Mean Concentrations (μg kg–1 ± Standard Deviation) of Target Pesticides Detected in This Study" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Table_3_Mean_Concentrations_mg_kg_1_Standard_Deviation_of_Target_Pesticides_Detected_in_This_Study_2427955699.jpg 196w," sizes="100vw" width="1070" height="851"></p><p>To assess method performance for pesticides not detected in the cocoa samples, one of the analyzed samples was fortified with a mixed standard solution at concentrations of 50, 250, and 500 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>. The fortified analytes were subsequently detected in the chromatograms presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360/suppl_file/ao5c10360_si_001.pdf">Figures S2–S4</a>, indicating good response of the proposed method.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions</strong></h4><p>The QuEChERS–LTP procedure was successfully developed for the determination of 16 multiclass pesticide residues in cocoa beans. For the first time, ultralow temperature (−80 °C) was applied to accelerate the low-temperature partitioning process during pesticide extraction from cocoa beans. Nevertheless, conventional freezing at −12 °C proved to be more effective for the extraction of the target analytes.</p><p>Evaluation of the matrix effect demonstrated that matrix-matched analytical curves, constructed in an analyte-free cocoa bean extract, were more effective in compensating for matrix interferences than the use of analyte protectants.</p><p>The pyrethroid permethrin was quantified in four cocoa samples. However, the concentrations did not exceed the MRL established by European Union legislation.</p><p>Overall, the QuEChERS–LTP procedure proved to be a promising approach for pesticide residue determination, as it requires smaller volumes of solvents and reagents, involves fewer cleanup and extraction steps, and shows strong potential for application to other complex matrices.</p>

QuEChERS Combined with Low-Temperature Partitioning and GC–MS as an Analytical Strategy for the Determination of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Cocoa Beans

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The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

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<div><div><h4><strong>Meet your analytical challenges with the right vial.</strong></h4></div></div><div><div><p><strong>The right vial.&nbsp;</strong><span><strong>A world of difference.</strong></span></p><p>Reducing failed assays from unknown contaminant peaks and limiting instrument downtime from out of specification vials is a priority for your lab. Waters sample vials can help you do just that.</p><p>All Waters sample vials are held to the tightest dimensional tolerances. Manufactured via a 2-, 3-, or 4-step certification process, we ensure that Waters Certified Vials meet and maintain specified vial dimensions, levels of cleanliness and adsorption properties from batch to batch.&nbsp;Find the right vial for your application and autosampler - use our <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://find.waters.com/VialSelector/"><strong>Vial Selector</strong></a> to find your perfect match.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_118649175c.jpg" alt="Waters CERTIFIED Vials: Table 1. Vials for Routine and Advanced Analyses." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_118649175c.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1226" height="754"></p><h3><strong>Waters LCMS CERTIFIED</strong></h3><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>Dimensional Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>Septum GC Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>HPLC UV Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>MS Scan</p><ul><li>Low MS interferences from known residues &amp; polymers</li><li>For routine QC and LC-MS analysis with lower analyte concentrations from 10-100s ng/ml.</li></ul><h3><strong>Waters TruView<sup>TM</sup> LCMS CERTIFIED</strong></h3><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>Dimensional Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>Septum GC Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>HPLC UV Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>MS Scan</p><p><span><strong>✅&nbsp;</strong></span>Low Adsorption Test</p><div><div><ul><li>Lowest MS interferences from known residues &amp; polymers</li><li>For high-end LC-MS analysis and quantification of analytes with a concentration of below 1 ng/ml with reduced adsorption of polar analytes.</li></ul><h3><strong>Waters CERTIFIED</strong></h3><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>Dimensional Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>Septum GC Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>HPLC UV Test</p><div><div><ul><li>No UV interferences caused caused by manufacturing and packaging residues</li><li>For routine QC LC-UV analysis&nbsp;of compounds in µg/mL&nbsp;concentrations.&nbsp;</li></ul><h3><strong>MAXPEAK QuanRecovery</strong></h3><ul><li>For high recovery peptide and protein quantification workflows. Reduces sample losses due to non-specific binding (NSB) and ionic interactions.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_2_4fba532335.jpg" alt="Waters CERTIFIED Vials: Vials Shapes." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_2_4fba532335.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1261" height="617"></p><div><div><h3><strong>Control data quality risks and reduce unexpected or ghost peaks</strong></h3><p>Don’t let the presence of background noise impact your results, causing data quality risks and unexpected or ghost peaks. Background noise can come from many factors.&nbsp;One of the most important factors are vial and septa cleanliness, which introduces contamination peaks. Ghost peaks are introduced by analyte degradation that can be triggered by significant pH changes in the diluent. In this chromatogram, the top shows normal behavior, and the bottom chromatogram shows ghost peaks.</p><p>Waters Certified vials are cleanliness tested so you don’t have to worry about contaminant peaks. The TruView pH Control Vials are certified to minimize and control a pH shift away from the neutral.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_4_7749301ba1.jpg" alt="Waters CERTIFIED Vials: Prevent the appearance of unexpected peaks during LC/UV analysis with Waters LC/GC Certified Vials as a control strategy." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_4_7749301ba1.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="535"></p><h3><strong>More time on development. Less on troubleshooting</strong></h3><p>Stop losing valuable development time on troubleshooting due to analyte loss from non-specific adsorption. Waters TruView pH Control LCMS Certified Vials have the lowest adsorptive losses on the market, and you can rely on them to provide consistency from batch to batch and vial to vial. This chromatogram shows a comparison of adsorptive loss of chlorhexidine in a variety of vials.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_5_d3e42fa7f2.jpg" alt="Waters CERTIFIED Vials: Comparison of adsorptive loss of chlorhexidine acetate in a variety of vials." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_5_d3e42fa7f2.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="633"></p><div><div><h3><strong>Ideal for demanding MS work</strong></h3><p>LCMS Certified Vials are suited for analyte concentrations in the 100s ng/mL concentration. Waters LCMS Certified Vials are tested by MS scans from 250 to 1000 <i>m/z</i> with specifications set on the total ion count and presence of clusters in the high mass range. This chromatogram shows a comparison of typical MS scans of Waters LCMS Certified Vials to vials of other sources and clean solvents.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_3_4869fbf57a.jpg" alt="Waters CERTIFIED Vials: Comparing typical MS scans of Waters LCMS Certified Vials, with vials from other sources." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_3_4869fbf57a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="406"></p><div><div><h3><strong>Stay in control of your samples' pH</strong></h3><p>The analysis of low abundance species, pH sensitive analytes or not yet well understood compound mixtures benefit from consistent and well controlled vial surfaces. The glass surface of TruView pH Control LCMS Certified Vials minimizes pH shifts away from the neutral and thus eliminates unwanted reactions and resulting ghost peaks.&nbsp;Ghost peaks are very difficult to troubleshoot.</p><p>Waters TruView pH Control LCMS Certified vials were used to analyze two compounds, drospirenone and lovastatin. The TruView pH Control LCMS Certified Vials show little to no degradant formed over the time tested. Standard glass vials showed considerable degradant formation over the same testing time with irreproducible formation of the degradant across different vials.&nbsp;</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_6_4dc330d849.jpg" alt="Waters CERTIFIED Vials: UV peak areas of lovastatin degradant across replicate vials and different vial types. Error bars indicate standard deviation for the replicate injection peak area." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_6_4dc330d849.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="605"></p><div><div><h3><strong>Reducing adsorption starts here</strong></h3><p>Inconsistent analytical results from small molecule analyte adsorption onto the surface of glass vials can be a problem at today’s low analyte concentrations. Some scientists have even experienced total analyte loss with samples stored in vials for an extended time. The vial chemistry, specifically the&nbsp;glass surface, is the major contributor to this problem.</p><p>Polar analytes&nbsp;may adsorb to the glass vial surface by polar-polar interaction and/or ion exchange mechanisms, thereby reducing the overall amount of sample in solution. TruView Certified LCMS Vials&nbsp;reduce this problem dramatically due to a stringent manufacturing process. The process yields a glass surface that has a lower concentration of free ions on the surface.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_8_064003b933.jpg" alt="Waters CERTIFIED Vials: Nortriptyline at 1 ppb concentration in several vials. The tall peak is the initial injection; the smaller peak (overlaid) is the four-hour injection. The first two chromatograms are competitor’s vials. The third chromatogram is for the Waters TruView LCMS Certified vial. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_8_064003b933.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1912" height="1182"></p><div><div><h3><strong>No analyte left behind</strong></h3><p>Instrument development is yielding more sensitive mass spectrometers. With more sensitive instruments, analytes can be detected at pg/mL levels. At these concentrations, understanding adsorption issues is critical for good quantitative results. We tested adsorption loss for the major manufacturers and saw high sample loss across manufacturers and clear and amber glass types – with significantly less loss with Waters TruView Autosampler Vials.</p><h4><strong>Average Analyte Loss</strong></h4><p><strong>Manufacturer: Clear Glass / Amber Glass</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Vendor A</strong>: 55% / 69%</li><li><strong>Vendor B</strong>: 25% / 25%</li><li><strong>Vendor C</strong>: 54% / 74%</li><li><strong>Vendor D</strong>: 18% / 59%</li><li><strong>Vendor E</strong>: 75% / Not tested</li><li><strong>Waters TruView LCMS Certified Vial</strong>: 1% / 6%</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Thermo Scientific SureSTART Vials and Well Plates Collection

Start your analysis with confidence using SureSTART vials, caps, well plates, and kits—offering full compatibility, quality materials, and performance across three levels.

<h4><strong>Streamlined choice. Trusted quality.</strong></h4><p><strong>Start your analysis with confidence using Thermo Scientific™ SureSTART™ vials, caps, inserts, well plates, mats, and certified kits designed to meet your analytical, regulatory, and performance requirements. With full instrument compatibility, high material quality, and consistent performance across three defined levels, the SureSTART collection offers a smarter way to choose the right sample containment solution for your workflow.</strong></p><h3><strong>Why choose SureSTART?</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Proven reliability</strong>: Every product is manufactured and certified to meet physical specifications—no weak links in your workflow.</li><li><strong>Clear selection</strong>: Three performance levels help you balance sensitivity, robustness, and cost, now visually marked with one, two, or three waves on the vial.</li><li><strong>Universal compatibility</strong>: Designed for seamless integration with all major GC, HPLC/UHPLC, and MS autosamplers across all vendors.</li><li><strong>Certified cleanliness</strong>: Products are manufactured using the purest glass and plastics with low extractables and leachables, including GOLD-grade and silanized glass.</li><li><strong>Maximum sample integrity</strong>: Minimize analyte loss and background peaks with precision-engineered sealing, surface chemistry, and material composition.</li><li><strong>Bulk savings &amp; simplified inventory</strong>: Available in multiple pack sizes, performance levels, and formats to support your lab’s needs and budget.</li></ul><h3><strong>The Three Performance Levels</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Level 1 – Everyday analysis</strong>: For general-purpose GC/HPLC detection (e.g. UV/Vis, FID, RI). These chromatography-approved products are ideal for routine analyses with cost-efficiency in mind.</li><li><strong>Level 2 – High-throughput analysis</strong>: Designed for regulated labs requiring robust and reproducible data, especially when using MS detectors for routine quantification.</li><li><strong>Level 3 – High performance</strong>: For the most sensitive and selective analyses near the method detection limit. Packed in cleanroom environments and made with ultra-pure materials for maximum sample security and MS compatibility.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Sure_START_Vials_and_Well_Plates_Collection_5a8b0da936.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific SureSTART Vials and Well Plates Collection: Three performance levels help you balance sensitivity, robustness, and cost, now visually marked with one, two, or three waves on the vial." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Sure_START_Vials_and_Well_Plates_Collection_5a8b0da936.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1182" height="270"></p><h3><strong>SureSTART Certified Vial and Cap Kits</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Specification Certified</strong>: Routine analyses – Certified for physical specifications; no individual certificate.</li><li><strong>LC/GC Certified</strong>: Chromatography-grade – Tested for 15 physical parameters with LC-UV &amp; GC-FID; certificate included.</li><li><strong>MSCERT</strong>: For LC-MS/GC-MS – Certified low-adsorption kits tested with MS; includes SureStop™ vials with AVCS™ caps.</li><li><strong>MSCERT+</strong>: For trace-level MS or DIA – Pre-cleaned, tested with LC-MS/GC-MS, and sold only as kits to ensure purity.</li><li><strong>Application Certified</strong>: Pre-matched kits for specific instruments or validated applications.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Sure_START_Vials_and_Well_Plates_Collection_2_fef6049d71.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific SureSTART Vials and Well Plates Collection: There are several factors to consider when choosing a vial or well plate for your application. The table below will help guide you through this process to determine what type of product/performance level is most suitable for your application requirements." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Sure_START_Vials_and_Well_Plates_Collection_2_fef6049d71.jpg 204w," sizes="100vw" width="1515" height="1159"></p><h3><strong>SureSTART Well Plates and Mats</strong></h3><p>Thermo Scientific™ WebSeal™ well plates are ideal for laboratories seeking to increase autosampler capacity, reduce solvent usage, and streamline high-throughput workflows. Available in <strong>96- and 384-well formats</strong>, they offer a certified alternative to traditional vials and are fully compatible with automated SPE/SLE platforms.</p><ul><li><strong>Space-saving efficiency</strong>: Replace vials with well plates to increase sample capacity up to 8× and reduce storage footprint.</li><li><strong>Flexible performance levels</strong>:<ul><li><strong>Level 1: Standard plates for routine</strong>, non-regulated use (GC-tested).</li><li><strong>Level 2: Low-bleed plates and high-performance mats</strong>, validated for LC-MS/GC-MS.</li><li><strong>Level 3: Premium WebSeal Plate+</strong> with glass-coated plastic wells—ideal for trace analytes and protein adsorption control.</li></ul></li><li><strong>Solvent stability and clean sample contact</strong>: WebSeal Plate+ uses nanolayered silicon dioxide for minimal extractables and ultra-low adsorption.</li><li><strong>Compatible sealing options</strong>:<ul><li><strong>Silicone mats: </strong>For long-term storage and consistent results.</li><li><strong>Pre-slit mats: </strong>For autosampler injection without evaporation or contamination.</li><li><strong>Adhesive seals: </strong>For single-use workflows and re-sealing options with cavity protection.</li></ul></li></ul><p>Whether you work with polar solvents, proteins, or trace-level analyses, SureSTART well plates and sealing accessories help you optimize throughput, precision, and data confidence across all chromatography workflows.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Sure_START_Vials_and_Well_Plates_Collection_3_abce3dd960.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific SureSTART Vials and Well Plates Collection: Selecting the perfect Thermo Scientific WebSeal well plates and mats for your chromatography requirements is easy using our selector tools and resources." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Sure_START_Vials_and_Well_Plates_Collection_3_abce3dd960.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1516" height="902"></p>

Phenomenex Strata X-AW Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)

Strata-X-AW mixed-mode SPE sorbent enables strong retention of acids (pKa ≤5) with 100% organic wash, ensuring maximum removal of interferences for clean, reliable extractions.

<p><strong>Weak Anion Mixed-Mode Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)</strong></p><p>A weak anion-exchange functionalized polymeric sorbent that allows for complete retention of acidic compounds with a <strong>pKa less than 5</strong>, making <strong>100% organic wash conditions possible</strong>. A 100% organic wash ensures that the maximum amount of interferences are removed from the target compound.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_AW_SPE_cd5908db4d.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata-X-AW SPE" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_AW_SPE_cd5908db4d.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="268"></p><ul><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>Extraction of acidic compounds, particularly strong acids</li></ul><h4><strong>Starting Method</strong></h4><h5><strong>For Acids with pKa ≤ 5</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Column: </strong>1 mL Methanol</li><li><strong>Equilibrate: </strong>1 mL Water, pH 6-7</li><li><strong>Load: </strong>Diluted Sample pH 6-7</li><li><strong>Wash 1: </strong>1 mL 25 mM Ammonium Acetate Buffered, pH 6-7</li><li><strong>Wash 2: </strong>1 mL Methanol</li><li><strong>Elute Any Acid: </strong>2x 500 µL 5 % NH<sub>4</sub>OH in Methanol</li><li><strong>Elute Weak Acids: </strong>2x 500 µL 5 % Formic Acid in Methanol</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_single_tube_435d45d0ad.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X single tube" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_single_tube_435d45d0ad.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p><p><i>Based on 30 mg/1 mL sorbent mass. The above is a convenient starting point for SPE method development, further optimization may be required to tailor the method for your specific extraction needs.</i></p><h4><strong>Available Formats</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>96-Well-Plate</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_96_well_plate_9a66005814.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X 96-well plate" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_96_well_plate_9a66005814.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p><ul><li><strong>1, 3, and 6mL Tubes</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_1_9b04cab6c1.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X 1, 3, and 6mL Tubes" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_1_9b04cab6c1.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p><ul><li><strong>Giga Tubes (12-150mL Tubes)</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_2_a8cd1706ec.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X Giga Tubes (12-150mL Tubes)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_2_a8cd1706ec.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p>

Phenomenex Strata X-A Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)

Strata-X-A strong anion-exchange SPE retains weak acids (pKa >2) with 100% organic wash, maximizing interference removal. Available in tubes, plates, and giga formats.

<p><strong>Strong Anion Mixed-Mode Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)</strong></p><p>A strong anion-exchange functionalized polymeric sorbent that allows for complete retention of weakly acidic compounds with a <strong>pKa greater than 2</strong>, making <strong>100% organic wash conditions possible</strong>. A 100% organic wash ensures that the maximum amount of interferences are removed from the target compound.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_A_SPE_e107f0b6bf.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata-X-A SPE" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_A_SPE_e107f0b6bf.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="268"></p><ul><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>Extraction of weakly acidic compounds</li></ul><h4><strong>Starting Method</strong></h4><h5><strong>For Acids with pKa &gt; 2</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Column: </strong>1 mL Methanol</li><li><strong>Equilibrate: </strong>1 mL Water, pH 6-7</li><li><strong>Load: </strong>Diluted Sample pH 6-7</li><li><strong>Wash 1: </strong>1 mL 25 mM Ammonium Acetate Buffered, pH 6-7</li><li><strong>Wash 2: </strong>1 mL Methanol (collect this fraction to analyze Neutral/Bases)</li><li><strong>Elute Acid: </strong>2x 500 µL 5 % Formic Acid in Methanol</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_single_tube_435d45d0ad.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X single tube" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_single_tube_435d45d0ad.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p><p><i>Based on 30 mg/1 mL sorbent mass. The above is a convenient starting point for SPE method development, further optimization may be required to tailor the method for your specific extraction needs.</i></p><h4><strong>Available Formats</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>96-Well-Plate</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_96_well_plate_9a66005814.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X 96-well plate" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_96_well_plate_9a66005814.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p><ul><li><strong>1, 3, and 6mL Tubes</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_1_9b04cab6c1.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X 1, 3, and 6mL Tubes" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_1_9b04cab6c1.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p><ul><li><strong>Giga Tubes (12-150mL Tubes)</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_2_a8cd1706ec.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X Giga Tubes (12-150mL Tubes)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_2_a8cd1706ec.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p>

Phenomenex Strata X-C Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)

Strata-X-C strong cation-exchange SPE retains basic compounds (pKa ≤10.5) with 100% organic wash for maximum cleanup. Offered in tubes, plates, and giga formats.

<p><strong>Strong Cation Mixed-Mode Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)</strong></p><p>A strong cation-exchange functionalized polymeric sorbent that allows for complete retention of basic compounds with a <strong>pKa less than 10.5,</strong> making <strong>100% organic wash conditions possible</strong>. A 100% organic wash ensures that the maximum amount of interferences are removed from the target compound.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_C_SPE_4927d7340d.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata-X-C SPE" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_C_SPE_4927d7340d.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="268"></p><ul><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>Extraction of weakly basic compounds</li></ul><h4><strong>Starting Method</strong></h4><h5><strong>For Bases with pKa ≤ 10.5</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Column: </strong>1 mL Methanol</li><li><strong>Equilibrate: </strong>1 mL Acidified Water</li><li><strong>Load: </strong>Diluted Acidified Sample</li><li><strong>Wash 1: </strong>1 mL 0.1 N HCI in Water (collect this fraction to analyze Polar Neutrals)</li><li><strong>Wash 2: </strong>1 mL 0.1 N HCI in Methanol (collect this fraction to analyze Neutrals/Acids)</li><li><strong>Elute Bases: </strong>2x 500 µL 5 % NH4OH in Methanol</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_single_tube_435d45d0ad.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X single tube" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_single_tube_435d45d0ad.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p><p><i>Based on 30 mg/1 mL sorbent mass. The above is a convenient starting point for SPE method development, further optimization may be required to tailor the method for your specific extraction needs.</i></p><h4><strong>Available Formats</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>96-Well-Plate</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_96_well_plate_9a66005814.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X 96-well plate" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_96_well_plate_9a66005814.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p><ul><li><strong>1, 3, and 6mL Tubes</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_1_9b04cab6c1.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X 1, 3, and 6mL Tubes" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_1_9b04cab6c1.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p><ul><li><strong>Giga Tubes (12-150mL Tubes)</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_2_a8cd1706ec.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X Giga Tubes (12-150mL Tubes)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_2_a8cd1706ec.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p>

Phenomenex Strata X-CW Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)

Strata-X-CW weak cation-exchange SPE retains strong bases (pKa >8) with 100% organic wash for maximum cleanup. Available in tubes, 96-well plates, and giga formats.

<p><strong>Weak Cation Mixed-Mode Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)</strong></p><p>A weak cation-exchange functionalized polymeric sorbent that allows for complete retention of basic compounds with a <strong>pKa greater than 8</strong>, making <strong>100% organic wash conditions possible</strong>. A 100% organic wash ensures that the maximum amount of interferences are removed from the target compound.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_CW_SPE_b16a0e0baf.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata-X-CW SPE" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_CW_SPE_b16a0e0baf.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="268"></p><ul><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>Extraction of basic compounds, particularly strong bases</li></ul><h4><strong>Starting Method</strong></h4><h5><strong>For Bases with pKa &gt; 8</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Column: </strong>1 mL Methanol</li><li><strong>Equilibrate: </strong>1 mL Water, pH 6-7</li><li><strong>Load: </strong>Diluted Sample, pH 6-7</li><li><strong>Wash 1: </strong>1 mL Water, pH 6-7</li><li><strong>Wash 2: </strong>1 mL Methanol (collect this fraction to analyze Neutrals/Acids)</li><li><strong>Elute Any Bases: </strong>2x 500 µL 5 % Formic Acid in Methanol</li><li><strong>Elute Weak Bases: </strong>2x 500 µL 5 % NH4OH in Methanol</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_single_tube_435d45d0ad.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X single tube" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_single_tube_435d45d0ad.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p><p><i>Based on 30 mg/1 mL sorbent mass. The above is a convenient starting point for SPE method development, further optimization may be required to tailor the method for your specific extraction needs.</i></p><h4><strong>Available Formats</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>96-Well-Plate</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_96_well_plate_9a66005814.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X 96-well plate" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_96_well_plate_9a66005814.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p><ul><li><strong>1, 3, and 6mL Tubes</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_1_9b04cab6c1.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X 1, 3, and 6mL Tubes" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_1_9b04cab6c1.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p><ul><li><strong>Giga Tubes (12-150mL Tubes)</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_2_a8cd1706ec.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X Giga Tubes (12-150mL Tubes)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_2_a8cd1706ec.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p>

Phenomenex Strata X Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)

Strata-X reversed phase SPE retains neutrals, acids, and bases via π-π, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. Robust cleanup under high organic wash.

<p><strong>Reversed Phase Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)</strong></p><p>A reversed phase functionalized polymeric sorbent that gives strong retention of neutral, acidic, or basic compounds under aggressive, high organic wash conditions. This sorbent relies on <strong>3 mechanisms of retention</strong>: <strong>pi-pi bonding</strong>, <strong>hydrogen bonding</strong> (dipole-dipole interactions), and <strong>hydrophobic interaction</strong>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_d8f4451e42.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata-X" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_d8f4451e42.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="433" height="247"></p><ul><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>Extraction of neutrals and aromatics</li></ul><h4><strong>Starting Method</strong></h4><h5><strong>For Neutral Compounds</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Column: </strong>1 mL Methanol</li><li><strong>Equilibrate: </strong>1 mL Water</li><li><strong>Load: </strong>Diluted Sample</li><li><strong>Wash: </strong>1 mL 5-60 % Methanol</li><li><strong>Elute:</strong> 2x 500 µL 2 % Formic Acid in Methanol/Acetonitrile</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_single_tube_435d45d0ad.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X single tube" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_single_tube_435d45d0ad.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p><p><i>Based on 30 mg/1 mL sorbent mass. The above is a convenient starting point for SPE method development, further optimization may be required to tailor the method for your specific extraction needs.</i></p><h4><strong>Available Formats</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>96-Well-Plate</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_96_well_plate_9a66005814.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X 96-well plate" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_96_well_plate_9a66005814.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p><ul><li><strong>1, 3, and 6mL Tubes</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_1_9b04cab6c1.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X 1, 3, and 6mL Tubes" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_1_9b04cab6c1.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p><ul><li><strong>Giga Tubes (12-150mL Tubes)</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_2_a8cd1706ec.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X Giga Tubes (12-150mL Tubes)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_2_a8cd1706ec.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"></p>

Phenomenex Zebron Z-Guard GC Columns

Phenomenex Zebron Z-Guard GC columns protect analytical columns, improve peak shape and sensitivity, and extend column lifetime. Individually QC tested.

<h4><strong>Protect and Extend Column Lifetime</strong></h4><ul><li>Individually QC tested to ensure the highest level of quality</li><li>Extend column lifetime by preventing stationary phase damage</li><li>Improve separation and peak shapes (especially early elutors)</li><li>Improve sensitivity and accuracy of quantitative results</li><li>Available as individual guard columns or as complete kits with connectors</li></ul><p>To ensure that all Z-Guards are the highest possible quality, we individually test each one! The columns are attached to a reference <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1577"><strong>Zebron ZB-5 column</strong></a> and are tested using our specially designed QC mix. We carefully monitor activity, bleed, and stability. This way, we are able to say with confidence that Z-Guards will provide the low activity and high quality your methods require.</p><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><p>Extends column lifetime by preventing stationary phase damage and improves separation, peak shapes (especially early elutors), sensitivity, and accuracy of quantitative results</p><h4><strong>Zebron Z-Guard Phase Information</strong></h4><p>Z-Guard columns are universal GC guard columns, designed for use with virtually any GC capillary column, from virtually any manufacturer.</p><ul><li>Extend column lifetime by preventing stationary phase damage</li><li>Improve separation, peak shapes (especially early elutors), sensitivity, and accuracy of quantitative results</li><li>Alternative to Agilent, Restek, Supelco, and many more</li></ul><h5><strong>Easy Use Z-Guard Column Kits</strong></h5><p>Try Z-Guard columns individually or get the convenient, complete kit. Each kit includes:</p><ul><li>5 or 10 meters of deactivated fused-silica tubing</li><li>5 universal connectors</li><li>0.5 mL of high-temperature polyimide resin</li></ul><h5><strong>Guard Column Usage</strong></h5><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_Z_Guard_GC_Columns_Guard_column_usage_675cd327b8.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron Z-Guard GC Columns: Guard column usage" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_Z_Guard_GC_Columns_Guard_column_usage_675cd327b8.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1039" height="359"></p><h5><strong>Tips: Using Z-Guard Columns</strong></h5><p>When using a guard at high temperatures, make sure that the press-fit connection is secure.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_Z_Guard_GC_Columns_Using_Z_guard_columns_6842e6a4bd.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron Z-Guard GC Columns: Using Z-guard columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_Z_Guard_GC_Columns_Using_Z_guard_columns_6842e6a4bd.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="414" height="164"></p><p>The most important aspect of a good seal is a good column cut.</p><ul><li>The column end should be square and smooth (like a straw). Any irregularities will cause leaks.</li><li>Columns are long - repeat cutting until a good cut is achieved.</li><li>Lightly scoring the column usually creates a cleaner opening.</li></ul>

Phenomenex Phenex LC/GC Approved Syringe Filters

Phenex syringe filters deliver fast, reliable sample filtration with excellent flow rates and broad chemical compatibility. Designed to protect columns, reduce downtime, and ensure particulate-free samples for LC, GC, and MS analysis.

<p><strong>Phenex syringe filters are designed for efficient and rapid filtration of almost any solution prior to analysis, and are optimized for superior flow rates and high-throughput. Proper syringe filter membrane and size selection is the key to choosing the best product to maintain the integrity of your sample components as well as to protect your system from particulate contamination. Phenex offers a wide variety of membranes ideal for any application.</strong></p><h5><strong>Try our Phenex Syringe Filters for:</strong></h5><ul><li>High quality filtration product</li><li>Increased column lifetime</li><li>Less system downtime</li><li>Low protein absorption</li></ul><h4><strong>Phenex Offers:</strong></h4><ul><li>Broad chemical compatibility</li><li>Minimized extractables</li><li>Excellent flow rate</li><li>High total throughput</li><li>Certified quality</li><li>100 % integrity tested</li><li>Low hold-up volume</li><li>Low protein adsorption</li><li>Bi-directional use</li></ul><h3><strong>Maximum Quality</strong></h3><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Phenex_LC_GC_Approved_Syringe_Filters_2_44145fa074.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Phenex LC-GC Approved Syringe Filters: Maximum Quality" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Phenex_LC_GC_Approved_Syringe_Filters_2_44145fa074.jpg 218w," sizes="100vw" width="1156" height="828"></p><h5><strong>A: Identification</strong></h5><ul><li>Syringe filter membrane type and pore size are clearly marked on each syringe filter</li></ul><h5><strong>B: Luer Lock Inlet Tip</strong></h5><ul><li>Secures connections to prevent “blow off”</li></ul><h5><strong>C: Sample Distribution Rings</strong></h5><ul><li>Creates even sample distribution for high sample flow rates</li></ul><h5><strong>D: Medical Grade Polymer Housing</strong></h5><p>Offers the most inert syringe filter and helps eliminate unwanted secondary interactions with the filter housing</p><h5><strong>E: Ultrasonically Welded</strong></h5><ul><li>Ensures robust housing - filter integrity</li></ul><h4><strong>Guaranteed Reliability and Consistency</strong></h4><p>Quality filtration products from Phenomenex offer a convenient way to clean up your samples - for improved analytical results with a simple method. Phenex syringe filters are designed for efficient and rapid filtration of almost any solution prior to analysis, and are optimized for superior flow rates and high-throughput. Phenex offers a wide variety of membranes ideal for any application.</p><ul><li>High quality filtration product</li><li>Increased column lifetime</li><li>Less system downtime</li></ul><p>The housing attaches to any standard luer lock syringe, so the sample can easily be pushed through the membrane with minimal pressure. The result is a particulate-free eluent that is ready for use with LC, GC, or other analytical techniques. One of the most popular sample preparation methods is filtration using a sample preparation solution. It has the ability to remove particulates before injection onto the column and the ability to use it in parallel with another sample preparation technique. It requires no method development.</p><ul><li><strong>A:</strong> Particulates Trapped</li><li><strong>B:</strong> Particulate-free Sample</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Phenex_LC_GC_Approved_Syringe_Filters_631acccb54.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Phenex LC/GC Approved Syringe Filters: Guaranteed Reliability and Consistency" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Phenex_LC_GC_Approved_Syringe_Filters_631acccb54.jpg 42w," sizes="100vw" width="143" height="523"></p><h3><strong>Recommendation Based on Your Industry</strong></h3><h5><strong>Environmental</strong></h5><p>Water, wastewater, soil and sludge, and pollution control samples are especially challenging. No matter the sample type, Phenex offers filtration products to meet your demanding requirements.</p><ul><li><strong>Recommended Filter: </strong>GF/NY</li><li><strong>First Alternative:</strong> RC</li></ul><h5><strong>Pharmaceutical / Biotech</strong></h5><p>At every stage of the drug discovery process target compounds must be isolated, purified, and prepared prior to testing. Sample complexity in DMPK work can be even more challenging. Difficult samples such as serum, urine, and other physiological fluids are easily filtered and clarified using Phenex syringe filters.</p><ul><li><strong>Recommended Filter: </strong>PES</li><li><strong>First Alternative: </strong>RC</li></ul><h5><strong>Clinical / Toxicology</strong></h5><p>Removal of particulate matter to sub-micron levels is critical before any clinical sample is injected into an LC, GC or mass spectrometer. At every stage in toxicology, samples should be filtered, preferably with a rapid and simple sample preparation method to reduce downtime in the fast paced environment. Phenex is designed for higher flow rates and throughputs than those of competing products.</p><ul><li><strong>Recommended Filter: </strong>RC</li><li><strong>First Alternative: </strong>PES</li></ul><h5><strong>Food and Beverage</strong></h5><p>Food safety is more important than ever and lower detection limits are making analysis even more challenging. Accurate and reliable testing is critical and Phenex filters are routinely used in preparation for analysis of pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, flavors, and fragrances. For samples with large amounts of particulate and/or large fibrous matter, use a glass fiber prefilter.</p><ul><li><strong>Recommended Filter: </strong>GF/NY</li><li><strong>First Alternative: </strong>RC</li></ul><h3><strong>How to Use Phenex Syringe Filters</strong></h3><h4><strong>Easy to assemble and even easier to get consistent and particulate-free samples</strong></h4><h5><strong>Step 1: Load</strong></h5><ul><li>Fill a syringe barrel with the liquid sample. Allow a small amount of air (approximately 10 % of the sample volume) to enter the syringe. The air is used as a purge to minimize fluid retention when expelling the sample from the syringe (Step 3 below).</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Phenex_LC_GC_Approved_Syringe_Filters_Step_1_f8246ba832.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Phenex LC/GC Approved Syringe Filters - Step 1: Load" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Phenex_LC_GC_Approved_Syringe_Filters_Step_1_f8246ba832.jpg 155w," sizes="100vw" width="423" height="427"></p><h5><strong>Step 2: Assemble</strong></h5><ul><li>Twist the luer lock end of the filter securely onto the syringe.</li><li><strong>Caution: </strong>Do not use syringes without a matching luer lock, otherwise the pressure applied may cause the filter to come off unexpectedly.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Phenex_LC_GC_Approved_Syringe_Filters_Step_2_2833584d34.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Phenex LC/GC Approved Syringe Filters: Step 2: Assemble" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Phenex_LC_GC_Approved_Syringe_Filters_Step_2_2833584d34.jpg 158w," sizes="100vw" width="349" height="344"></p><h5><strong>Step 3: Filter</strong></h5><ul><li>Apply gentle pressure to the syringe plunger.</li><li><strong>Caution: </strong>Small syringes can generate excessive pressures.) Push the liquid sample, as well as the remaining air, through the syringe filter to maximize sample recovery.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Phenex_LC_GC_Approved_Syringe_Filters_Step_3_d8c5f61231.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Phenex LC/GC Approved Syringe Filters - Step 3: Filter" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Phenex_LC_GC_Approved_Syringe_Filters_Step_3_d8c5f61231.jpg 177w," sizes="100vw" width="375" height="331"></p>

Thermo Scientific QuEChERS Sample Preparation Kits

QuEChERS is a versatile sample preparation method for analyzing pesticides, veterinary drugs, and other residues in various sample types before GC-MS or LC-MS analysis.

<div><div><div><h3><strong>QuEChERS sample preparation—now easier, more convenient, and affordable</strong></h3><p><strong>QuEChERS</strong> (<strong><u>Q</u></strong><u>u</u>ick, <strong><u>E</u></strong>asy, <strong><u>C</u></strong>heap, <strong><u>E</u></strong>ffective, <strong><u>R</u></strong>ugged, and <strong><u>S</u></strong>afe)is a <strong>sample preparation method</strong> that was initially developed in 2003 for <strong>analyzing veterinary drugs in food</strong>. The method was also tested for <strong>pesticide residue analysis in plant material</strong> with great success. In 2003, the <strong>detailed method was published</strong> in the journal AOAC International. Since then, the QuEChERS method has evolved into a <strong>sample preparation technique used on a variety of analytes</strong> in an <strong>expanding number of sample types</strong> before analysis by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/cz/en/home/industrial/mass-spectrometry/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-gc-ms.html"><strong>GC-MS</strong></a><strong> or </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/cz/en/home/industrial/mass-spectrometry/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-lc-ms.html"><strong>LC-MS</strong></a>.</p><p><strong>Thermo Scientific QuEChERS kits</strong> contain <strong>pre-packaged, ready-weighed salts, sorbents, and buffers</strong> to <strong>streamline your workflow</strong> and <strong>minimize the potential for error</strong>. The kits are grouped according to your <strong>analytes of interest</strong>, <strong>sample matrix</strong>, and <strong>preferred QuEChERS method</strong>:</p><ul><li><strong>Original 2003 Method</strong></li><li><strong>AOAC 2007.01 Method</strong></li><li><strong>EN 15662 Method</strong></li><li><strong>NY/T 1380-2007 Method</strong></li></ul><p><strong>Complete packages</strong>—including both <strong>extraction and clean-up kits</strong>—are available. <strong>Extraction-only and cleanup-only kits</strong> are also offered to suit your laboratory’s sample preparation needs. These <strong>pre-packaged kits save time and money</strong>, make QuEChERS procedures <strong>easier and more convenient</strong>, and ensure <strong>quality to yield reproducible results</strong> and <strong>excellent recoveries</strong> for a wide variety of analytes.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_Sample_Preparation_Kits_2_1e99f0c81b.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific QuEChERS Sample Preparation Kits" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_Sample_Preparation_Kits_2_1e99f0c81b.jpg 217w," sizes="100vw" width="891" height="640"></p><h3><strong>Typical QuEChERS workflow</strong></h3><div><div><div><div><div><p>As shown in the workflow diagram below, the <strong>QuEChERS method has four basic steps</strong>:</p><ol><li><strong>Homogenize sample</strong> (fruit or vegetable)</li><li><strong>Extract analytes of interest</strong> from a sample using <strong>extraction salts</strong> (pesticide residues, veterinary drugs, and/or mycotoxins)</li><li><strong>Clean-up the resulting supernatant</strong> using <strong>dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE)</strong></li><li><strong>Analyze by GC-MS or LC-MS</strong></li></ol><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_Sample_Preparation_Kits_496491ceff.jpeg" alt="Thermo Scientific QuEChERS Sample Preparation Kits" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_Sample_Preparation_Kits_496491ceff.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1170" height="706"></p><div><h3><strong>QuEChERS products</strong></h3></div><div><h4><strong>QuEChERS extraction kits for original 2003 method</strong></h4></div><div><p>The <strong>original QuEChERS method</strong> (Anastassiades et al, 2003) was developed by <strong>Steven J. Lehotay and Michelangelo Anastassiades</strong> in 2003 for the <strong>determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables</strong>. The original method was created to <strong>analyze non-base-sensitive compounds</strong> and uses a <strong>sodium chloride buffer</strong> to <strong>reduce polar interferences</strong> and <strong>enhance extraction</strong>. <strong>Buffering</strong> is an important part of the QuEChERS procedure because it <strong>allows for analysis of pesticides and other residues</strong> that display <strong>pH dependence in their recoveries</strong>, depending on the <strong>sample matrix</strong>. <strong>Three different extraction kits</strong> are available to support the <strong>original 2003 QuEChERS method</strong>.</p><h5><strong>Chemicals used in the original 2003 method</strong></h5></div><ul><li><strong>Acetonitrile:</strong> Used to perform single-phase extraction (SPE) on a sample</li><li><strong>Anhydrous MgSO₄:</strong> Induces phase separation between water content in sample and acetonitrile layer during liquid-liquid partitioning step; removes remaining water from sample during dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) step</li><li><strong>NaCl:</strong> Induces phase separation between water content in sample and acetonitrile layer during liquid-liquid partitioning step; removes residual water from sample; reduces polar interference and enhances extraction</li><li><strong>PSA:</strong> Primary secondary amine, used to remove polar matrix components, citric co-extractives, and free fatty acids, from sample during dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) step</li></ul><div><h4><strong>QuEChERS extraction and clean-up kits for AOAC 2007.01 method</strong></h4><p>The <strong>AOAC 2007.01 QuEChERS Method</strong> was developed by <strong>Steven J. Lehotay and his co-workers</strong>, who <strong>modified the original 2003 method</strong> to accommodate the use of <strong>acetate buffering at higher concentration</strong> for <strong>greater buffering strength</strong>. <strong>Buffering</strong> is an important part of the QuEChERS procedure because it <strong>allows for analysis of pesticides and other residues</strong> that display <strong>pH dependence in their recoveries</strong>, depending on the <strong>sample matrix</strong>. These <strong>extraction and clean-up products</strong> here support the <strong>AOAC 2007.01 method</strong>.</p><div><h5><strong>Chemicals used in the AOAC 2007.01 method</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Acetonitrile:</strong> Used to perform single-phase extraction on a sample</li><li><strong>Anhydrous MgSO₄:</strong> Induces phase separation between water content in sample and acetonitrile layer during liquid-liquid partitioning step; removes remaining water from sample during dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) step</li><li><strong>NaOAc:</strong> Buffers the sample to stabilize pH</li><li><strong>PSA:</strong> Primary secondary amine, used to remove polar matrix components, citric co-extractives, and free fatty acids, from sample during dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) step</li><li><strong>C18:</strong> Removes fats, sterols, and other non-polar interferences from sample</li><li><strong>GCB:</strong> Graphitized carbon black, removes pigment (<i>not recommended for use with planar pesticides</i>)</li></ul><div><h4><strong>QuEChERS extraction and clean-up kits for EN 15662 method</strong></h4><p>The <strong>extraction and clean-up products</strong> here support the <strong>EN 15662 method</strong>. <strong>Widely used in Europe</strong>, the EN 15662 method was developed by <strong>Michelangelo Anastassiades and co-workers</strong>, who <strong>modified the original 2003 method</strong> to accommodate the use of <strong>citrate buffering at a relatively low buffering capacity</strong>. This variation uses a <strong>sodium chloride buffer</strong> to <strong>minimize polar interferences</strong> in addition to <strong>sodium citrate dihydrate</strong> and <strong>disodium citrate sesquihydrate buffers</strong>. <strong>Buffering</strong> is an important part of the QuEChERS procedure because it <strong>allows for analysis of pesticides and other residues</strong> that display <strong>pH dependence in their recoveries</strong>, depending on the <strong>sample matrix</strong>.</p><h5><strong>Chemicals used in the EN 15662 method</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Acetonitrile:</strong> Used to perform single-phase extraction on a sample</li><li><strong>Anhydrous MgSO₄:</strong> Induces phase separation between water content in sample and acetonitrile layer during liquid-liquid partitioning step; removes remaining water from sample during dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) step</li><li><strong>NaCl:</strong> Induces phase separation between water content in sample and acetonitrile layer during liquid-liquid partitioning step; removes residual water from sample</li><li><strong>Trisodium Citrate:</strong> Buffers the sample to stabilize pH</li><li><strong>Disodium Citrate Sesquihydrate:</strong> Buffers the sample to stabilize pH</li><li><strong>PSA:</strong> Primary secondary amine, used to remove polar matrix components, citric co-extractives, and free fatty acids, from sample during dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) step</li><li><strong>C18:</strong> Removes fats, sterols, and other non-polar interferences from sample</li><li><strong>GCB:</strong> Graphitized carbon black, removes pigment (<i>not recommended for use with planar pesticides</i>)</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_Sample_Preparation_Kits_3_721562526f.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific QuEChERS Sample Preparation Kits" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_Sample_Preparation_Kits_3_721562526f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1471" height="488"></p><div><h4><strong>QuEChERS clean-up kit for NY/T 1380-2007 method</strong></h4></div><div><p>The <strong>NY/T 1380-2007 method</strong> is <strong>recommended by China Ministry of Agriculture</strong> for the <strong>QuEChERS Method sample preparation</strong> of <strong>51 specific pesticide residues</strong> in <strong>fruits and vegetables</strong> with <strong>analysis by GC-MS</strong>.</p><h5><strong>Chemicals used in the NY/T 1380-2007 method</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Anhydrous MgSO₄:</strong> Induces phase separation between water content in sample and acetonitrile layer during liquid-liquid partitioning step; removes remaining water from sample during dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) step</li><li><strong>PSA:</strong> Primary secondary amine, used to remove polar matrix components, citric co-extractives, and free fatty acids, from sample during dSPE step</li><li><strong>C18:</strong> Removes fats, sterols, and other non-polar interferences from sample</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

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