<p><strong>Scientists at IOCB Prague are uncovering new details of gene transcription. They have identified a previously unknown molecular mechanism by which the transcription of genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into ribonucleic acid (RNA) can be initiated. The researchers focused on a specific class of molecules known as alarmones, which are found in cells across a wide range of organisms and whose levels often increase under conditions of cellular stress. The results were published in the prestigious scientific journal </strong><i><strong>Nature Chemical Biology</strong></i><strong>.</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Hana Cahová, head of the Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids research group." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"></p><div><p>Molecules of ribonucleic acid can carry a variety of chemical modifications at one end, known as caps. In eukaryotic organisms, including human cells, the best-known cap plays an important role in RNA stability and in regulating its subsequent fate. In recent years, however, it has become clear that alternative, non-canonical RNA caps also exist, although their formation and the mechanisms by which they are attached to RNA remain only partially understood. These include alarmone caps, formed by dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules, that protect cellular RNA at moments when the cell is under threat.</p><p>In their study,<strong> </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cahova.group.uochb.cz/en"><strong>Dr. Hana Cahová</strong></a> and colleagues examined bacterial RNA polymerase and investigated how this enzyme can initiate transcription using dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpNs) instead of the standard RNA building blocks. For the first time, the scientists described, at the atomic level, how RNA bearing an alarmone cap can be generated directly at the initiation of gene transcription. They also observed that NpNs bind through a different type of base pairing than is typically observed.</p><p>The work was significantly shaped by <strong>Valentina Serianni from Hana Cahová’s team</strong>, who demonstrated the ability of dinucleoside polyphosphates to initiate gene transcription, and by <strong>Jana Škerlová</strong>, who focused on the structural analysis of RNA polymerase. Using cryogenic electron microscopy data, she showed how dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules bind within the active site of RNA polymerase – that is, the core of the enzyme where genetic information is transcribed. Together, their findings help to elucidate the processes that accompany the transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA.</p><p>Hana Cahová adds: <i>“We’re describing something that truly occurs in cells and that we’re now able to observe directly at the level of individual molecules. This allows us to answer fundamental questions about cellular processes, such as how cells adapt to stress. RNA plays a central role in this, as it carries the cascade of information underlying any cellular response – for example, to threatening conditions caused by nutrient deprivation or temperature shock.”</i></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Tomáš Kouba, head of the Cryogenic Electron Microscopy core facility." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"></p><div><p>Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was central to the project. This part of the work was led by<strong> Dr. Tomáš Kouba</strong>, one of the authors of the study. <i>“Cryogenic electron microscopy allows us to freeze biological molecules in a state very close to their natural form and then determine their three-dimensional structure. This makes it possible to look directly into the active centers of enzymes and observe their function down to the atomic level,”</i> he explains.</p><p>Last year, IOCB Prague opened a new <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cryoem.group.uochb.cz/en"><strong>cryo-EM center</strong></a><strong> </strong>that is unique within the Czech research environment. State-of-the-art cryogenic electron microscopes are housed in a specially designed building and enable the study of biological processes with exceptional structural precision.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: This work shows how NpnNs initiate bacterial transcription. Cryo-EM reveals how nucleobases pair with the template: one in canonical and one in reverse Watson–Crick mode, providing a structural basis for their function as non-canonical RNA caps." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1077"></p><blockquote><h4><strong>The Original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41589-025-02134-5"><strong>Molecular insight into 5′ RNA capping with Np<sub>n</sub>Ns by bacterial RNA polymerase</strong></a></h4><p>Valentina M. Serianni, Jana Škerlová, Anna Knopp Dubánková, Anton Škríba, Hana Šváchová, Tereza Vučková, Anatolij Filimoněnko, Milan Fábry, Pavlína Řezáčová, Tomáš Kouba &amp; Hana Cahova&nbsp;</p><p>Nat. Chem. Biol. 21 (2026)</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><h4><strong>Abstract</strong></h4><p>RNA capped with dinucleoside polyphosphates has been discovered in bacteria and eukaryotes only recently. The likely mechanism of this specific capping involves direct incorporation of dinucleoside polyphosphates by RNA polymerase as noncanonical initiating nucleotides. However, how these compounds bind into the active site of RNA polymerase during transcription initiation is unknown. Here, we explored transcription initiation in vitro, using a series of DNA templates in combination with dinucleoside polyphosphates and model RNA polymerase from <i>Thermus</i> <i>thermophilus</i>. We observed that the transcription start site can vary on the basis of the compatibility of the specific template and dinucleoside polyphosphate. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of transcription initiation complexes with dinucleoside polyphosphates revealed that both nucleobase moieties can pair with the DNA template. The first encoded nucleotide pairs in a canonical Watson–Crick manner, whereas the second nucleobase pairs noncanonically in a reverse Watson–Crick manner. Our work provides a structural explanation of how dinucleoside polyphosphates initiate RNA transcription.</p></div></div>

Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription

<p><strong>In the week of February 9, the following webinars await you in the field of gas / solid phase and especially Raman, FTIR, GC and GC/MS.</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 000 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><div><div><div><div><div><div><h5><strong>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Process Raman – A Reliable and Versatile Tool for Downstream Process Monitoring and Control for mAb Production</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 10.2.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5808">Registration</a></li></ul><p>The presentation highlights how process Raman spectroscopy offers several advantages over traditional in-line UV-Vis analysis for process monitoring and metabolite production control in mAb manufacturing.</p><h5><strong>2. Wasson-ECE Instrumentation: The Data Driven Plant – How AI Transforms Chemical Manufacturing</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 10.2.2026 21:30 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5744">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Explore how artificial intelligence is applied to improve process efficiency, monitoring, and decision-making in modern chemical manufacturing.</p><h5><strong>3. New Food Magazine: The Science of Next-Gen Ingredients – Fermentation, Formulation and Function</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 11.2.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5720">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how fermentation-driven innovation is transforming functional food ingredients, with analytical insights to optimize flavour, functionality, and product stability.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Webinars LabRulezGCMS Week 07/2026

<p><strong>This study presents an analytical strategy combining QuEChERS extraction with low-temperature partitioning (LTP) for the determination of multiclass pesticide residues in cocoa beans by GC–MS. Extraction conditions were optimized using a fractional factorial design, resulting in a simple and efficient workflow suitable for complex cocoa matrices.</strong></p><p>The validated method showed satisfactory limits of detection and quantification, recoveries within 70–120%, and good overall performance. Application to cocoa samples from Brazil detected permethrin in several samples, demonstrating that the QuEChERS–LTP approach is an effective and reliable cleanup strategy for routine pesticide residue analysis in cocoa.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360"><strong>QuEChERS Combined with Low-Temperature Partitioning and GC–MS as an Analytical Strategy for the Determination of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Cocoa Beans</strong></a></h4><p>Priscilla M. de Freitas Machado, Madson M. Nascimento, Paulo R. R. Mesquita, Manuela B. Nascimento, Lilian Lefol N. Guarieiro, Gisele O. da Rocha, Jailson B. de Andrade, Raildo M. de Jesus*</p><p>ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63464–63473</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><p>Cocoa is best known as the primary raw material for chocolate but is also processed into products such as cocoa butter, biscuits, cocoa honey, and cocoa powder. Cocoa powder is derived from roasted, pressed, and milled nibs, containing on average 20% (w/w) lipids on a dry basis and less than 9% moisture. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3,4)</a></p><p>According to the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA), pesticides such as atrazine, bifenthrin, cyproconazole, metalaxyl, tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin, and permethrin are approved for use in Brazil. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> However, among these, only metalaxyl, trifloxystrobin, and tebuconazole are authorized by the European Union. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a> Thus, investigating these contaminants in cocoa samples is of utmost importance, as Brazil is one of the largest cocoa exporters, supplying cocoa commodities to South America, the United States, and the European Union. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> Furthermore, Organochlorine pesticides, in particular, belong to the class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Although banned in many countries, they continue to be used in some developing nations because of their chemical stability, resistance to degradation, volatility, and high lipophilicity, which promote bioaccumulation and neurotoxicity. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15)</a> Epidemiological evidence also associates their exposure with Parkinson’s disease, certain cancers, diabetes, and endometriosis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(16)</a></p><p>Residues of pesticides in cocoa have been reported in various studies. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> Analyzing pesticide residues in cocoa presents analytical challenges due to the matrix’s complexity, comprising high lipid content, fatty acids and esters, sugars, polyphenols, and caffeine. These components can interfere with extraction efficiency and contaminate analytical instrumentation. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> Therefore, efficient sample preparation methods incorporating effective cleanup steps are essential for accurate residue determination.</p><p>Several techniques have been employed for multiresidue pesticide analysis in cocoa. For instance, Idowu et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19)</a> quantified 14 organochlorines using Soxhlet extraction and silica/Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> cleanup, with GC ECD detection. Okoffo et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20)</a> determined 13 organophosphates and 9 pyrethroids employing SPE cartridges (Envi-carb/LC-NH<sub>2</sub> and Bond Elute C18), acetonitrile extraction, and GC PFPD or GC ECD quantification. Yusiasih et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(21)</a> applied dispersive SPE with PSA, Florisil, and MgSO<sub>4</sub> for pyrethroids, followed by GC ECD and GC–MS.</p><p>Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a QuEChERS–LTP analytical procedure for the determination of multiclass pesticide residues in cocoa beans. The factors that affect the QuEChERS–LTP procedure efficiency were optimized. After validation, the procedure was employed to investigate the occurrence of 15 multiclass pesticides in cocoa samples.</p><h4><strong>Experimental Section</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instrumental Apparatus</strong></h5><p>Pesticide separation and identification were performed on a Shimadzu <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GC-MS-QP2010SE"><strong>GC-MS-QP2010SE</strong></a> system (Kyoto, Japan) equipped with an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=AOC-20i"><strong>AOC-20i autosampler</strong></a>. Separation was achieved using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=DB-5MS"><strong>Agilent DB-5MS capillary column</strong></a> (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) with a stationary phase of 5% phenyl/95% dimethylpolysiloxane. The instrumental conditions were based on Nascimento et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(49)</a> and they are summarized in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#tbl4">Table 4</a>.</p><p>For quantification, the base peak was used, while two additional ions were monitored for confirmation (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360/suppl_file/ao5c10360_si_001.pdf">Table S2</a>) in accordance with SANTE guidelines. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(50)</a> A GC–MS/SIM chromatogram illustrating the separation of all target pesticides is presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#fig5">Figure 5</a>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_5_Extracted_ion_chromatogram_EIC_in_SIM_mode_of_the_target_pesticides_f2461c14f4.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63464–63473: Figure 5. Extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) in SIM mode of the target pesticides obtained from the injection of a mixed standard solution at 100 μg L–1. Analytes are listed in order of elution: [1] Molinate (6.18 min); [2] α-HCH (8.15 min); [3] atrazine-d5 (8.69 min); [4] atrazine (8.75 min); [5] diazinon (9.31 min); [6] disulfoton (9.67 min); [7] dimethachlor (10.60 min); [8] metalaxyl (11.25 min); [9] p,p′-DDE (15.82 min); [10] cyproconazole I (16.50 min); [11] cyproconazole II (16.56 min); [12] p,p′-DDD (17.29 min); [13] ethion (17.34 min); [14] trifloxystrobin (18.43 min); [15] tebuconazole (19.13 min); [16] bifenthrin (20.47 min); [17] permethrin I (23.92 min); [18] permethrin II (24.18 min)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_5_Extracted_ion_chromatogram_EIC_in_SIM_mode_of_the_target_pesticides_f2461c14f4.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2080" height="835"></p><h5><strong>Application of the Proposed Procedure to Real Samples</strong></h5><p>In a 50 mL Falcon tube, 2.0 g of sample was weighed using an analytical balance (AUX320, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). A total of 2.0 g of salt (NaCl and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> in a 1:1 w/w ratio) was added, followed by an aliquot of the atrazine-<i>d</i><sub>5</sub> solution (surrogate standard) to yield a final concentration of 250 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>. A mixture of acetonitrile (8.0 mL) and ultrapure water (2.0 mL) was then added. The system was vortexed (K40-10208, Kasvi, São Paulo, Brazil) for 3.0 min at 2500 rpm and centrifuged (MPW-351R, MPW Med. Instruments, Warsaw, Poland) for 10.0 min at 15 °C and 10,000 rpm. After phase separation, approximately 6.0 mL of the supernatant was transferred to a Falcon tube containing 150.0 mg of PSA sorbent. The mixture was vortexed again for 3.0 min at 2500 rpm and centrifuged for an additional 10.0 min under the same conditions. The tubes were then placed in the freezer for 24 h. Once the aqueous phase had frozen, the organic extract containing the analytes was collected, filtered through a Cytiva Whatman MiniUniprep G2 vial with a 0.20 μm membrane filter (Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA), and injected into the GC–MS system (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#fig6">Figure 6</a>).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_6_Schematic_representation_of_the_extraction_procedure_using_the_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_LTP_procedure_for_pesticide_extraction_in_cocoa_powder_samples_ed58549bcf.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63464–63473: Figure 6. Schematic representation of the extraction procedure using the QuEChERS–LTP procedure for pesticide extraction in cocoa powder samples." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_6_Schematic_representation_of_the_extraction_procedure_using_the_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_LTP_procedure_for_pesticide_extraction_in_cocoa_powder_samples_ed58549bcf.jpg 223w," sizes="100vw" width="1458" height="1022"></p><h4><strong>Results and Discussion</strong></h4><h5><strong>Evaluation of the Effect of Low and Ultralow Temperatures on the Analytical Response</strong></h5><p>Studies reporting the use of LTP generally employ a conventional freezer, which typically reaches −18 ± 2 °C as the minimum temperature. In this equipment, effective phase separation can require 8 to 24 h. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(35−37)</a> In contrast, ultralow temperature freezers (ultrafreezers) can reach −80 °C, leading to a substantial reduction in partitioning time. In this study, tests performed with the conventional freezer achieved satisfactory partitioning after 24 h, whereas in the ultrafreezer, complete partitioning was observed in only 20 min.</p><p>Considering the analytical response in terms of peak area (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#fig3">Figure 3</a>), higher signals were obtained when LTP was performed in a conventional freezer rather than an ultrafreezer. This behavior can be attributed to the partitioning mechanism. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(32)</a> Partitioning depends on cooling and the subsequent freezing of the aqueous phase. In the conventional freezer, the slower freezing rate provides sufficient time for the system to approach thermodynamic equilibrium, favoring analyte diffusion between phases. Under these conditions, analyte molecules have more time to migrate and distribute optimally before complete solidification. In contrast, the rapid freezing in the ultrafreezer may trap analytes in a nonideal distribution, reducing the efficiency of the partitioning process <a href="javascript:void(0);">(32)</a> (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#fig3">Figure 3</a>). According to these observations, the conventional freezer was selected for subsequent experiments.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_3_Comparison_of_chromatographic_peak_areas_of_pesticides_after_partitioning_in_the_conventional_freezer_versus_the_ultrafreezer_9598bcfec3.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63464–63473: Figure 3. Comparison of chromatographic peak areas of pesticides after partitioning in the conventional freezer versus the ultrafreezer." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Figure_3_Comparison_of_chromatographic_peak_areas_of_pesticides_after_partitioning_in_the_conventional_freezer_versus_the_ultrafreezer_9598bcfec3.jpg 175w," sizes="100vw" width="996" height="891"></p><h5><strong>Application to Real Samples</strong></h5><p>Fifteen samples were analyzed in triplicate, comprising two from the State of Pará and 12 from the State of Bahia, located in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, respectively. Among the 15 pesticides investigated, only permethrin isomers were quantified in four samples (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#tbl3">Table 3</a>). The herbicide molinate was also detected in three samples; however, its concentration was below LOQ. Permethrin isomers concentrations ranged from 17.1 ± 0.3 to 49.6 ± 1.8 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>. These values are below the MRL established by European Union regulation, which is 100 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(42)</a> Although permethrin is not permitted in the European Union, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(42)</a> it remains authorized for use as insecticide in Brazil, particularly in crops such as cotton, rice, coffee, citrus, cabbage, beans, tobacco, maize, soybean, tomato, wheat, and grape. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> However, no MRL values have been established for cocoa beans under Brazilian legislation. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360#tbl3">Table 3</a> shows the concentration of detected compounds in the cocoa samples.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Table_3_Mean_Concentrations_mg_kg_1_Standard_Deviation_of_Target_Pesticides_Detected_in_This_Study_2427955699.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63464–63473: Table 3. Mean Concentrations (μg kg–1 ± Standard Deviation) of Target Pesticides Detected in This Study" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63464_63473_Table_3_Mean_Concentrations_mg_kg_1_Standard_Deviation_of_Target_Pesticides_Detected_in_This_Study_2427955699.jpg 196w," sizes="100vw" width="1070" height="851"></p><p>To assess method performance for pesticides not detected in the cocoa samples, one of the analyzed samples was fortified with a mixed standard solution at concentrations of 50, 250, and 500 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>. The fortified analytes were subsequently detected in the chromatograms presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.5c10360/suppl_file/ao5c10360_si_001.pdf">Figures S2–S4</a>, indicating good response of the proposed method.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions</strong></h4><p>The QuEChERS–LTP procedure was successfully developed for the determination of 16 multiclass pesticide residues in cocoa beans. For the first time, ultralow temperature (−80 °C) was applied to accelerate the low-temperature partitioning process during pesticide extraction from cocoa beans. Nevertheless, conventional freezing at −12 °C proved to be more effective for the extraction of the target analytes.</p><p>Evaluation of the matrix effect demonstrated that matrix-matched analytical curves, constructed in an analyte-free cocoa bean extract, were more effective in compensating for matrix interferences than the use of analyte protectants.</p><p>The pyrethroid permethrin was quantified in four cocoa samples. However, the concentrations did not exceed the MRL established by European Union legislation.</p><p>Overall, the QuEChERS–LTP procedure proved to be a promising approach for pesticide residue determination, as it requires smaller volumes of solvents and reagents, involves fewer cleanup and extraction steps, and shows strong potential for application to other complex matrices.</p>

QuEChERS Combined with Low-Temperature Partitioning and GC–MS as an Analytical Strategy for the Determination of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Cocoa Beans

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The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

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<h3><strong>Mnova Gears | Real-Time &amp; Batch processes</strong></h3><h4><strong>Automation Workflows for All Your Analytical Data Processes</strong></h4><p>Are you tired of the monotony of routine data processing? <strong>Mnova Gears</strong> (also known as <strong>Mgears</strong>) is here to free up your time for innovation and more engaging tasks. This comprehensive software suite, designed for building <strong>automation workflows</strong>, caters to your analytical data needs, spanning <strong>NMR</strong>, <strong>LC/GC-MS</strong>, and <strong>more</strong>. Simply set your analysis samples and SOPs, launch the process, and let Mnova Gears handle the rest. From data retrieval to processing and analysis, Mnova Gears effortlessly applies the methods and formulas you provide, presenting the results in comprehensive reports.</p><p>Experience the flexibility, seamless integration with your existing architecture, and the customizable nature of Mnova Gears. Like Mnova, it remains <strong>vendor-neutral</strong>, adapting to your unique requirements. Elevate your analytical data processes—automate with Mnova Gears!</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_Gears_Design_your_data_workflows_and_let_Mgears_do_the_rest_5771003702.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova Gears - Design your data workflows and let Mgears do the rest!"></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www2.mestrelab.com/l/271522/2024-03-25/3nwsl4"><strong>Visit Mestrelab Research Mnova Gears product page to learn more!</strong></a></h4></blockquote><h4><strong>What’s new in Mnova Gears 2.5?</strong></h4><p><strong>Mnova Gears 2.5 has been released with Mnova 15 introducing a range of new capabilities:</strong></p><ul><li>New file copy option that copies the input files to the output folder without the need to open, process, or analyze them.</li><li>Ability to add chromatogram blind regions.</li><li>Improved data selection and auto-detection.</li><li>Capability to manage input data organized in multiple subfolders and generate sorted reports for each subfolder.</li><li>Heat map data visualization.</li><li>And other improvements that you can check in the complete changelog.</li></ul><p><strong>Upgrade to Mgears 2.5 now to explore these features and to unlock the full potential of data automation.</strong></p><p>Also be sure you check our newest Mgears brick designed for <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www2.mestrelab.com/l/271522/2024-03-25/3nwskt"><strong>Affinity Selection Mass Spectrometry</strong></a> analyses.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_Gears_Increase_your_efficiency_using_automated_analysis_workflows_c9d3fb13e6.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova Gears - Increase your efficiency using automated analysis workflows!"></p><h3><strong>Mnova Gears products and how they relate to one another!</strong></h3><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www2.mestrelab.com/l/271522/2024-03-25/3nwsl4"><strong>Mnova Gears</strong></a></h4><ul><li>Automation of multiple sample analysis</li><li>Batch and real time mode to generate documents for analysis</li></ul><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www2.mestrelab.com/l/271522/2020-10-22/25htxg"><strong>Mnova MyGears</strong></a></h4><ul><li>Automation of single sample analysis</li><li>Automation workflows on an open Mnova document</li></ul><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www2.mestrelab.com/l/271522/2024-04-10/3p2gsd"><strong>Mnova Gears Bricks</strong></a></h4><ul><li>Build automation workflows using the following Gears bricks</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_Gears_1_b99a72ab8c.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova Gears products and how they relate to one another."></p><blockquote><h4><strong>Want to run a 45-day FREE trial?</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www2.mestrelab.com/l/271522/2024-04-10/3p2gsh"><strong>CONTACT AN EXPERT</strong></a></h4></blockquote><h3><strong>Intuitive 5-Step workflow!</strong></h3><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_Gears_Intuitive_5_Step_workflow_9191e59a96.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova Gears - Intuitive 5-Step workflow."></p><h4><strong>Mnova Gears Benefits</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Automate</strong> routine <strong>processes and workflows</strong>, saving valuable specialist time.</li><li>Create and manage <strong>end-to-end workflows</strong> seamlessly within a single tool.</li><li>Streamline <strong>multiple analytical workflows</strong> on a common, user-friendly platform.</li><li><strong>Customize workflows</strong> by selecting components tailored to specific needs.</li><li>Enjoy <strong>flexibility and configurability</strong>, allowing seamless integration with existing infrastructure.</li><li>Collaborate with <strong>different systems in an unified environment</strong> due to vendor independence.</li><li>Leverage the familiarity with the <strong>Mnova interface</strong> to deploy and adopt <strong>automation</strong> solutions by your team <strong>without an extensive learning curve</strong>.</li><li>Benefit from <strong>expedited product support and development</strong>, consolidating all your automation analyses in one software suite.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_Gears_Mnova_Gears_Benefits_3186347cb7.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova Gears - Mnova Gears Benefits"></p><h4><strong>Mnova Gears Features</strong></h4><h5><strong>Powerful Automation Capabilities for Comprehensive Data Tasks</strong></h5><ul><li>A user-friendly platform equipped with all essential controls for customizing data processes, covering input data, processing and analysis methods, design, and output generation.</li><li>A wide array of default features and options is available to maximize adaptation to customer needs.</li><li>Acceptance of templates and scripts for further customization; you can even construct your own automation bricks using scripting.</li><li>Details of your customization are stored in a settings file, easily shareable and importable.</li></ul><h5><strong>Automatic Reporting and Archiving</strong></h5><ul><li>Diverse output formats, including CSV, PDF, HTML, JSON, and Mnova formats.</li><li>Seamless adaptation to data organization standards by specifying requirements for correct data archiving (in a folder, database, ELN, etc.).</li><li>Easy workflows to automatically update historic data to new standards, ensuring consistency across years and sites.</li><li>Continuous support and updates: Contact the support team for specific import/export format requests.</li></ul><h5><strong>A User-Friendly Result Viewer with Graphical Dashboards for Rapid and Easy Data Review</strong></h5><ul><li>Effortless exploration of results with the Mgears Results Viewer, featuring graphical dashboards.</li><li>At-a-glance and by-exception reviews for quick and effective data analysis.</li><li>Smooth navigation through sample lists or well plates, facilitating the review of data and analyzed spectra.</li><li>Identification of samples not meeting specifications using graphics and warning flags, saving time on extensive scrutiny.</li><li>Swift recalculations and result updates.</li></ul><h4><strong>Multi-Technique and Multi-Application Analytical Workflows</strong></h4><ul><li>Multiple techniques supported: NMR, LC-MS, GC-MS, Chromatography, etc.</li><li>Mnova Gears has already proven its prowess with a broad range of applications spanning from discovery, R&amp;D, to manufacturing and quality control.</li><li>Available applications include structure verification, purity determination, mixture analysis, chemical reaction optimization, and affinity selection mass spectrometry analysis. Explore the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www2.mestrelab.com/l/271522/2024-04-10/3p2gsd"><strong>full list of applications</strong></a> for comprehensive coverage.</li></ul><h3><strong>Markets</strong></h3><h5><strong>Academic, Government &amp; Industrial</strong></h5><h4><strong>PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS</strong></h4><ul><li>Quality Control (NMR, Mass Spectrometry, etc)</li><li>Natural Product Dereplication by NMR</li><li>Reaction Monitoring by NMR</li><li>Quantitative NMR</li><li>Targeted mixtures analysis by NMR</li><li>Multi-technique reporting</li><li>Protein-ligand Interaction</li><li>Product ID confirmation</li><li>Structure verification</li><li>DNA Profiling by LCMS</li><li>Ligand-based drug screenings</li><li>Reaction Optimization (HTE)</li><li>Determination of solubility, lipophilicity</li><li>System Suitability testing (NMR, LCMS)</li><li>Compound separation and purification workflows</li></ul>

Mestrelab Mnova Verify software

Designed for synthetic and medicinal chemists, which automatically checks a proposed structure against a set of analytical data, LC-MS or GC-MS and/or 1D NMR and/or 2D NMR.

<h4><strong>Automatic confirmation of structure identity based on NMR and/or LC/GC-MS data</strong></h4><p>Designed for synthetic and medicinal chemists, which automatically checks a proposed structure against a set of analytical data, LC-MS or GC-MS and/or 1D NMR and/or 2D NMR.</p><h4><strong data-start="641" data-end="654">Benefits:</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Solution coupling NMR </strong>(1H, 13C and HSQC) and <strong>MS techniques</strong> in a commercial off-the-shelf software.</li><li><strong>Helps non-expert users </strong>to take decisions while reducing the workload of the experts.</li><li><strong>Fully automatic analysis</strong> for singletons or batch data.</li><li><strong>Mnova Verify checks</strong> whether the proposed compound is correct!</li><li><strong>Flexibly accepts a variety of inputs</strong> and generate automatically fully customized reports.</li><li><strong>Straightforward results</strong> check that warns about inconsistencies.</li></ul><h4><strong>Features:</strong></h4><h5><strong>Powerful algorithm running behind the scenes</strong></h5><p><strong>This powerful algorithm integrates multiple modules to deliver:</strong></p><ul><li>Automated processing and analysis of 1D &amp; 2D NMR (¹H NMR, HSQC) and LC/GC-MS data.</li><li>Generation of theoretical data for proposed structures.</li><li>Prediction of NMR spectra (¹H, ¹³C, HSQC) and MS data (mass ion, isotopic cluster, fragmentation, MS/MS).</li><li>Comparison of experimental and theoretical data.</li><li>Results presentation using an innovative scoring system.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_Verify_Powerful_algorithm_running_behind_the_scenes_be1dfb5e2f.webp" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova Verify - Powerful algorithm running behind the scenes" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_Verify_Powerful_algorithm_running_behind_the_scenes_be1dfb5e2f.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="936" height="427"></p><h5><strong>An easy and flexible scoring system</strong></h5><p>Evaluates analytical data to judge the compatibility of proposed structures:</p><ul><li>Provides a quality score (-1.0 to +1.0) for each structure, combining score and significance.</li><li>Displays detailed results for each test applied.</li><li>Ranks structures to quickly identify the best fit with experimental data.</li><li>Allows easy re-working of unclear results in Mnova.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_Verify_An_easy_and_flexible_scoring_system_da1c07eb98.webp" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova Verify - An easy and flexible scoring system" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_Verify_An_easy_and_flexible_scoring_system_da1c07eb98.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="936" height="427"></p><h5><strong>Automated batch &amp; real-time operations</strong></h5><p>Provides QA for large data volumes like libraries or registration QC samples:</p><ul><li><strong>Batch Mode: </strong>Verifies libraries and identifies unsuitable samples for assay submission, generating an HTML report.</li><li><strong>Real-Time Analysis Mode: </strong>Performs unassisted verification of individual samples, providing immediate feedback on structure-data compatibility.</li><li>Requires Mnova v10 or higher (NMR, NMRPredict, and/or MS modules). Additional modules like Mnova DB or qNMR can also be used.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_Verify_Automated_batch_and_real_time_operations_6fa9241b15.webp" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova Verify - Automated batch &amp; real-time operations" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_Verify_Automated_batch_and_real_time_operations_6fa9241b15.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="936" height="427"></p>

Mestrelab Mnova DB software

A professional database integrated within Mnova for efficiently shared storage of molecular structures, NMR, LC-MS, GC-MS, and other Mnova objects.

<h4><strong>Store, share and search your chemical and analytical data efficiently</strong></h4><p>A professional database integrated within Mnova for efficiently shared storage of molecular structures, NMR, LC-MS, GC-MS, and other Mnova objects.</p><p>Create new databases, save records with a couple of clicks, and run searches by structure, substructure, specific peak positions, multiplets, or mass peaks.</p><h4><strong data-start="641" data-end="654">Benefits:</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Database enviroment for storing analytical data</strong> (NMR, LC/GC-MS, UV-Vis, IR, etc.) and chemical structures.</li><li><strong>Ranked queries by chemical struture and/or analytical data,</strong> enabling faster and more efficient data retrieval.</li><li><strong>Tools for managing and controlling your databases</strong>, with password protection for security.</li><li><strong>Quickly create new databases</strong> and save your analytical records in seconds, enhancing efficiency and productivity.</li><li><strong>Access and view reports in a variety of formats</strong>, including tables, records, well plates, and HTML views, for versatile data presentation.</li><li><strong>Manage user accounts with different privilege levels-administrator</strong>, power user, and standard user.</li></ul><h4><strong>Features:</strong></h4><h5><strong>Create a database and save your legacy data</strong></h5><ul><li>Companies and research institutes often have large volumes of analytical data spread across various sources, needing better management to make it shareable and searchable.</li><li>Once stored in the DB, chemists can easily access this data using Sample ID, Compound ID, peak, or Retention Time searches, especially for unknowns.</li><li>Mnova provides scripts to upload multiple NMR and/or LC/GC/MS datasets into a database.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_DB_Create_a_database_and_save_your_legacy_data_7e9ee2e6f7.webp" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova DB - Create a database and save your legacy data" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_DB_Create_a_database_and_save_your_legacy_data_7e9ee2e6f7.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1380" height="801"></p><h5><strong>Save your data during the workflow</strong></h5><ul><li>Chemists can save their work to the Database, making it easily accessible to others later.</li><li>Mnova DB integrates with Mnova Suite, allowing you to save or search data seamlessly during your workflow.</li><li>When working with NMR or LC/GC/MS datasets in Mnova, you can save raw data, parameters, analysis results, annotations, and molecular structures to the database with a couple of clicks.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_DB_Save_your_data_during_the_workflow_169e99f805.webp" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova DB - Save your data during the workflow." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_DB_Save_your_data_during_the_workflow_169e99f805.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1472" height="854"></p><h5><strong>Efficient sharing and searching of your analytical data</strong></h5><p>The basic search query can be the following:</p><ul><li>Structure or substructure</li><li>1D or 2D peak locations</li><li>1D multiplets</li><li>m/z values</li><li>Texts or numerics</li><li>Mnova DB allows you to combine any of the queries listed above, using logic and or operators, this is useful when you need to refine your search results iteratively. Mnova DB also save the results into a temporary database and continue to search to refine it.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_DB_Efficient_sharing_and_searching_of_your_analytical_data_8bde34ce47.webp" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova DB - Efficient sharing and searching of your analytical data" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_DB_Efficient_sharing_and_searching_of_your_analytical_data_8bde34ce47.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1472" height="854"></p><h5><strong>Seamlessly deliver data to your organization</strong></h5><ul><li>We can automate the DB setup so data is automatically imported when acquired by your instruments.</li><li>Chemists will no longer need to browse through file folders to review or analyze data. They can retrieve it directly in Mnova using Sample ID, Sample Number, Compound ID, or structure searches.</li><li>This will save your team time and significantly improve productivity.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_DB_Seamlessly_deliver_data_to_your_organization_b4c354eeb3.webp" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova DB - Seamlessly deliver data to your organization" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_DB_Seamlessly_deliver_data_to_your_organization_b4c354eeb3.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1472" height="854"></p>

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