<ul>
<li>🎤 Presenter: Petr Vozka (California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA)</li>
<li>💾 <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/P_Vozka_MDCW_3801260112/P.-Vozka-MDCW.pdf">Presentation in PDF</a></li>
<li>📁 LabRulezGCMS profile: <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/219">Complex Chemical Composition Analysis Lab (C³AL)</a></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
💡 Book in your calendar: <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/events/436">15th Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop (MDCW) January 2024</a>
</blockquote>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/15th_Multidimensional_Chromatography_MDC_Workshop_Main_Banner_45f9ba053d/15th-Multidimensional-Chromatography-(MDC)-Workshop-Main-Banner.jpg" alt="15th Multidimensional Chromatography (MDC) Workshop 2024"/>
<h3>Abstract</h3>
<a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=2">Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography</a> (GC×GC) has become the state-of-the-art instrument for qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile and semi-volatile complex mixtures and has emerged as a powerful separation tool for studying:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?categoryItems=1&amp;instrumentationItems=2">environmental samples</a></li>
<li><a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?categoryItems=4&amp;instrumentationItems=2">petroleum fractions</a></li>
<li><a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=2&amp;search=POPs">persistent organic pollutants</a></li>
<li><a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=2&amp;search=drugs">drugs</a></li>
<li>and many more...</li>
</ul>
In the past 60 years, plastic waste has increased exponentially, while only 9% of plastic waste has been recycled and 12% incinerated. The remaining 79% (about 6 billion tons) of plastic waste has accumulated in landfills or oceans, where they slowly degrade and release microplastics and other toxic chemicals into the environment. To reduce the amount of plastic waste, conversion methods such as pyrolysis and hydrothermal processing are used to make oils, which can be further used to produce alternative fuels. These fuels have an alkene (olefin) content of up to 50 wt.%. Unfortunately, there are currently no methods for detailed quantitation of olefins in such concentrations.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/MDCW_Petr_Vozka_Chemical_conversion_of_plastic_waste_into_fuels_7d93807821/MDCW-Petr-Vozka-Chemical-conversion-of-plastic-waste-into-fuels.jpg" alt="MDCW/Petr Vozka: Chemical conversion of plastic waste into fuels"/>
This talk aims to introduce a novel method applicable for the characterization and quantitation of aliphatic olefins in complex oils from plastic depolymerization, alternative, and petroleum-based fuels using GC×GC with a flame ionization detector. The talk also introduces teaching strategies for GC×GC technique inclusion to the laboratory portion of class syllabi.
<blockquote>
💡 The Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop (MDCW) <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/218">Profile LabRulezGCMS (EN)</a>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
💡 The Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop (MDCW) <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/companies/218">Profile LabRulezLCMS (EN)</a>
</blockquote>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/MDCW_Petr_Vozka_GC_GC_Training_Research_Facility_d25fe9ffe8/MDCW-Petr-Vozka-GCGC-Training-Research-Facility.jpg" alt="MDCW/Petr Vozka: GC×GC Training/Research Facility"/>
<h3>Presentation content</h3>
<ul>
<li>Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC)
<ul>
<li>Introdction</li>
<li>GC×GC Chromatogram</li>
<li>Diagram of a GC×GC Instrument</li>
<li>How GC×GC is achieved</li>
<li>Modulation</li>
<li>GC×GC Chromatogram</li>
<li>GC×GC Classification</li>
<li>Quantitative results (some)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Quantitative Analysis of Aliphatic Olefins in Fuels made from Plastic Waste by GC×GC
<ul>
<li>Detailed Analysis of Complex Chemical Mixtures</li>
<li>Plastic Waste in Oceans</li>
<li>Plastic Waste -Landfill</li>
<li>The growing plastic waste problem</li>
<li>Chemical conversion of plastic waste into fuels</li>
<li>DMDS Derivatization</li>
<li>Calculations</li>
<li>Results</li>
<li>Validation</li>
<li>Methods -disadvantages</li>
<li>Chromatogram –diesel-like sample pre-derivatization</li>
<li>Chromatogram –diesel-like sample post-derivatization</li>
<li>Future work</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>GC×GC in Academia/Teaching
<ul>
<li>Course: Analytical Separations and Mass Spectrometry</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/MDCW_Petr_Vozka_Diagram_of_a_GC_GC_Instrument_6a8ed03c86/MDCW-Petr-Vozka-Diagram-of-a-GCGC-Instrument.jpg" alt="MDCW/Petr Vozka: Diagram of a GC×GC Instrument"/>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/MDCW_Petr_Vozka_How_GC_GC_is_achieved_4678d7bc6f/MDCW-Petr-Vozka-How-GCGC-is-achieved.jpg" alt="MDCW/Petr Vozka: How GC×GC is achieved"/>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/MDCW_Petr_Vozka_GC_GC_Classification_62e9991a8b/MDCW-Petr-Vozka-GCGC-Classification.jpg" alt="MDCW/Petr Vozka: GC×GC Classification"/>

Quantitative Analysis of Aliphatic Olefins in Fuels made from Plastic Waste by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (Petr Vozka, MDCW 2023)

<ul>
<li>🎤 Presenter: Grant Ochoa, Robert Synovec (University of Washington, Seattle, USA)</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
💡 Book in your calendar: <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/events/436">15th Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop (MDCW) January 2024</a>
</blockquote>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/15th_Multidimensional_Chromatography_MDC_Workshop_Main_Banner_45f9ba053d/15th-Multidimensional-Chromatography-(MDC)-Workshop-Main-Banner.jpg" alt="15th Multidimensional Chromatography (MDC) Workshop 2024"/>
<h3>Abstract</h3>
<a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?categoryItems=4&amp;search=jet+rocket+fuels">Kerosene-based jet and rocket fuels</a> are critical to the success of the aerospace propulsion industry. There is an ongoing need to assess fuel composition more fully for the purpose of improving quantitative connections between fuel composition, properties, and system performance. Addressing this challenge benefits from implementation of <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=2">two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography</a> with time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection (<a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=2-3-13">GC×GC-TOFMS</a>) coupled with robust chemometric data analysis tools.
Working in the framework of implementing tile-based Fisher ratio (F-ratio) analysis, which discovers differences between sample classes, we have developed methodology to determine pure mass channels for discovered analytes for rapid and accurate quantification, which can be leveraged to facilitate class comparison-enabled mass spectrum purification (CCE-MSP) to obtain the pure mass spectrum for confident identification of discovered features.
Since polar compounds play an important role in thermal performance, developing tools for determining the polar content is paramount. To this end, we have implemented solid phase extraction (SPE) with GC×GC-TOFMS and tile-based F-ratio analysis, and more recently 1v1 analysis, which requires only one chromatogram per class to discover class distinguishing compounds, to comprehensively categorize the fuel components due to bulk hydrocarbons and/or to minor polar compounds. 
Lastly, these approaches are integrated to gain an in-depth understanding of the SPE sampling for these fuels. By analyzing sequential fractions of fuel passed through a SPE cartridge we discover, identify, and quantify analytes affected by SPE using either silica or alumina phases. Ultimately, this research leads to improved SPE sampling of targeted polar compounds.

Chemometric analysis for GC×GC-TOFMS jet and rocket fuel characterization (Grant Ochoa, MDCW 2023)

<ul>
<li>🎤 Presenter: Laura McGregor¹, Nick Molden², Ime Usen², Caroline Widdowson³, Bob Green⁴ (¹Peterborough, United Kingdom. ²Emissions Analytics, High Wycombe, United Kingdom. ³Markes International, Bridgend, United Kingdom. ⁴SepSolve Analytical, Peterborough, United Kingdom)</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
💡 Book in your calendar: <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/events/436">15th Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop (MDCW) January 2024</a>
</blockquote>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/15th_Multidimensional_Chromatography_MDC_Workshop_Main_Banner_45f9ba053d/15th-Multidimensional-Chromatography-(MDC)-Workshop-Main-Banner.jpg" alt="15th Multidimensional Chromatography (MDC) Workshop 2024"/>
<h3>Abstract</h3>
With the increased uptake of hybrid and electric vehicles, the impact of non-exhaust emissions is of growing concern for human health and the environment. It is now important to obtain a comprehensive view of all possible sources of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) from vehicles, including emissions from materials, such as foam, carpeting and trimmings, as well as those generated through tyre wear.
The recent global push towards a circular economy has also meant that automotive manufacturers are being urged to improve the sustainability of their operations by increasing the use of recycled or renewable materials, such as innovative plant-derived plastics. Robust quality control is therefore essential to ensure these novel products will not produce volatile emissions that could be considered harmful or malodourous.
However, the sample and matrix complexity, as well as an ever-expanding list of compounds of concern makes it challenging for those responsible for performing sampling and analysis. This has led to a need for innovative new methods to be created for complete emissions characterisation.
Here, we will demonstrate the use of <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=8&amp;manufacturerItems=7">thermal desorption (TD)</a> for versatile sampling of emissions from exhausts, vehicle interiors and tyres. When coupled with GC×GC–TOF MS and novel chemometric analysis, this provides improved chemical fingerprinting of emissions to enhance our understanding of how vehicles may impact the environment and human health.
We will show how this future-proof system can go beyond current regulations to help accelerate research and development and guide the automotive industry towards better strategies to limit environmental impact.

Analysis of vehicle emissions using thermal desorption and GC×GC–TOF MS (Laura McGregor, MDCW 2023)

<ul>
<li>🎤 Presenter: Eliane Lazzari¹´², Marco Piparo¹´³, Sabrina Marceau¹ , Giorgia Purcaro⁴, Jean-François Focant², Pierre Giusti¹´³ (¹ TotalEnergies One Tech – R&amp;D – Downstream Processes &amp; Polymers - TotalEnergies Research &amp; Technology Gonfreville, Harfleur, France. ²University of Liege, Liege, Belgium. ³International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC, Harfleur, France. ⁴University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Belgium)</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
💡 Book in your calendar: <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/events/436">15th Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop (MDCW) January 2024</a>
</blockquote>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/15th_Multidimensional_Chromatography_MDC_Workshop_Main_Banner_45f9ba053d/15th-Multidimensional-Chromatography-(MDC)-Workshop-Main-Banner.jpg" alt="15th Multidimensional Chromatography (MDC) Workshop 2024"/>
<h3>Abstract</h3>
The use of lignocellulosic biomass to produce chemicals and fuels through pyrolysis has gained increased attention in the last decades due to its abundance, renewable nature, and composition. During biomass pyrolysis, catalytic processes are needed to increase the H:C ratio of the products since oxygen-containing compounds limit the use of the oil as fuel due to its corrosion properties and instability.
Here, bidimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) and supported by soft ionization has been exploited for the characterization of volatile and semi-volatile compounds in catalytic pyrolysis wood oil. The conventional, nonpolar at 1D and a polar at 2D, column set even promoted a structure-ordered chromatogram, especially in terms of naphthenes and aromatics, the reverse-phase combination allowed to better solve oxygenated compounds, which were previously gathered eluted with neighboring aromatics peaks.
By understanding the soft ionization spectra insights into the structure of phenol monomers were achieved and a group-type analysis was obtained thanks to the detection of the molecular ion by photoionization (PI). A range of aromatics (mono; di; tri) and naphthenes have been identified in wood-derived oil and the presence of phenols was readily different in bio-oils derived from catalytic pyrolysis processes.
This approach allowed explaining the bio-oil composition and checking the efficiency of catalytic pyrolysis that has been applied to reducing the concentration of the oxygenated compound and obtaining a biofuel that could be used as an alternative to fossil-based fuels.

 GC×GC-TOFMS (soft ionization) screening of catalytic pyrolysis wood-oil (Eliane Lazzari, MDCW 2023)

<ul>
<li>🎤 Presenter: Giorgia Purcaro (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium)</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
💡 Book in your calendar: <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/events/436">15th Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop (MDCW) January 2024</a>
</blockquote>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/15th_Multidimensional_Chromatography_MDC_Workshop_Main_Banner_45f9ba053d/15th-Multidimensional-Chromatography-(MDC)-Workshop-Main-Banner.jpg" alt="15th Multidimensional Chromatography (MDC) Workshop 2024"/>
<h3>Abstract</h3>
The introduction of multidimensional and comprehensive techniques has revealed that complex samples can be hidden behind apparent simple ones. This understanding has pushed many scientists to study possible approaches for further boosting separation power, mainly by adding extra dimensions.
This presentation will focus on the potentialities of a fully integrated and validated <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?search=LC-GC%C3%97GC">LC-GC×GC</a> platform coupled with a parallel dual detection, i.e., ToFMS and FID. 
The coupling of an LC system with a GC one was first published by Majors in 1980 and the first automated commercial instrument (Dualchrom 3000) was introduced in 1989 by Carlo Erba (Italy). The LC–GC systems were intensively studied in the 1980s and 1990s by Grob and his group, but the system was almost abandoned later. In 1991 Phillips introduced the comprehensive two-dimensional technique (GC×GC), a powerful technique that gained immediate attention and is still growing exponentially. 
The integration of the two two-dimensional techniques provides exponential benefits with an easy, robust and validated setup. The LC-GC×GC platform can provide an enhanced characterization of complex samples reaching efficient sample clean-up and/or a group-type separation of the analytes in the LC dimension and enhanced separation in the <a href="https://labrulez.cz/contact">GC×GC</a> dimension. It has been proved very useful to improve not only the full characterization of complex samples but also to simplify sample pre-treatment and provide more robust and validated routine analysis, particularly in the challenging topic of mineral oil analysis in food.

LC-GC×GC-TOF MS/FID: a multidimensional technique for complex samples (Giorgia Purcaro, MDCW 2023)

<ul>
<li>🎤 Presenter: Romain Klein¹´²´³, José Dugay¹, Jérôme Vial¹, Didier Thiébaut¹, Donatien Barreteau², Guy Colombet², Arnaud Fournel³, Moustafa Bensafi³ (¹LSABM, UMR CBI 8231 CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, Paris, France. ²Renault Group, Materials Engineering Department, Guyancourt, France. ³Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University of Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM, Bron, France)</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
💡 Book in your calendar: <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/events/436">15th Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop (MDCW) January 2024</a>
</blockquote>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/15th_Multidimensional_Chromatography_MDC_Workshop_Main_Banner_45f9ba053d/15th-Multidimensional-Chromatography-(MDC)-Workshop-Main-Banner.jpg" alt="15th Multidimensional Chromatography (MDC) Workshop 2024"/>
<h3>Abstract</h3>
The study of pollutants and odorous molecules is of growing interest to automotive manufacturers within the frame of <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?search=Vehicle+Interior+Air+Quality">Vehicle Interior Air Quality</a> (VIAQ) programs. The most common method to analyse material emissions is to heat them, collect their emissions on sorbent tubes, which are later thermally desorbed and analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. This method is suitable for the target analysis of the dozen most intense molecules, but fails to uncover the true molecular complexity of the samples.
In the present work, we used a new instrumental configuration combining <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?search=thermal+desorption">thermal desorption</a> (TD), comprehensive bidimensional gas chromatography (<a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=2">GCxGC</a>) and Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (<a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=13">TOFMS</a>) to elucidate the detailed composition of vehicle material emissions. This implied the testing of several column sets, including normal and reverse polarity configuration, and several second column dimensions, while managing constraints due to the TD coupling.
Over a hundred of potentially odorous polar compounds were observed for each sample, which would not have been possible on monodimensional GC due to low intensities and coelutions with apolar compounds present in large amount.
The material samples were also presented to an untrained panel of human noses while collecting their hedonic perception and semantic descriptions, in the aim of establishing links between the material emissions and perception. According to their subjective hedonistic rating, materials were classified into two groups, and this classification was compared to objective olfactomotor data.

Characterization of automobile material emissions by TD-GC×GC-TOFMS (Romaine Klein, MDCW 2023)

<ul>
<li>🎤 Presenter: Allison Ferranti, Taylor Hayward (Apeel Sciences, Santa Barbara, USA)</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
💡 Book in your calendar: <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/events/436">15th Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop (MDCW) January 2024</a>
</blockquote>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/15th_Multidimensional_Chromatography_MDC_Workshop_Main_Banner_45f9ba053d/15th-Multidimensional-Chromatography-(MDC)-Workshop-Main-Banner.jpg" alt="15th Multidimensional Chromatography (MDC) Workshop 2024"/>
<h3>Abstract</h3>
The aroma of bananas is an important indicator of the fruit’s flavor and can be an important characteristic of overall quality. Various factors such as storage and transport conditions, ripening protocols, and other conditions within the supply chain can have an effect on the overall volatile profiles, which have been studied using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) on the pulp. These studies have shown to observe over 250 compounds including esters, alcohols, acids, aldehydes, ketones, and terpenes.
With such a complex mixture, the use of comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) can lead to improved separation and group classification to enable a better understanding of the produce physiology in these supply chain conditions. Additionally, these studies usually involve the destruction of the banana to analyze the pulp.
Here we are employing the non-destructive sampling of bananas, along with pulp analysis using thermal desorption and SPME sampling to monitor the ripening process of bananas. The green and yellow stages of bananas will be demonstrated. 
The use of GCxGC-MS shows +300 identifiable compounds and with chemometric processing, important volatiles in the ripening process can be determined within these stages.

Fruit quality & volatile analysis using SPME and TD with GC×GC-TOFMS (Taylor Hayward, MDCW 2023)

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