Chloramine Analysis, Using SIFT-MS

Importance of the topic

Exposure to chloramines in domestic, recreational and industrial environments poses significant health risks, including irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Real-time identification and quantification of mono-, di- and trichloramine is critical for occupational hygiene, water treatment monitoring and public safety.

Objectives and study overview

This report examines the application of Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) to rapidly speciate and quantify chloramines directly from air samples. It compares this new approach with the conventional INRS Method 007 ion chromatography technique, highlighting limitations of traditional methods in on-site analysis and compound discrimination.

Methodology and instrumentation

SIFT-MS employs controlled chemical ionization using a sequence of reagent ions (e.g., O2+) within a flow tube. Reaction kinetics and mass spectrometric detection allow direct, calibration-free quantification of volatile compounds in real time. Air samples are collected in inert polymer bags and introduced into the instrument’s flow tube for analysis.

Used instrumentation

• Syft Technologies Voice200® SIFT-MS instrument with touch-screen interface
• Sample case accommodating up to three 1-L Tedlar or Kynar bags
• Tedlar and Kynar gas sampling bags for field collection

Main results and discussion

SIFT-MS mass spectra reveal distinct ion peaks for monochloramine (NH2Cl), dichloramine (NHCl2), trichloramine (NCl3) and chlorine gas, enabling simultaneous monitoring of all species in seconds.

Sampling bag stability tests demonstrate that trichloramine remains stable in Tedlar bags for at least 30 minutes. Comparative trials show that Kynar bags perform equally well, with minimal loss or conversion of chloramine species during transfer.

The method exhibits high specificity, resolving isobaric interferences without the need for toxic reagents or extensive sample preparation required by INRS 007.

Benefits and practical applications

• Rapid, on-site speciation of all chloramine forms at ppb levels
• Real-time data delivery for safety monitoring in swimming pools, food processing and industrial cleaning
• Elimination of toxic chemical reagents and complex laboratory workflows
• Minimal operator training required for routine measurements

Future trends and potential uses

Advancements may include integration of portable SIFT-MS devices for continuous air monitoring in occupational settings and automated sampling networks around water treatment facilities. Further research could extend this approach to other reactive disinfection by-products and indoor air toxins.

Conclusion

Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry offers a fast, accurate and user-friendly solution for chloramine speciation in air. By overcoming the drawbacks of traditional ion chromatography methods, SIFT-MS enables on-site, real-time decision making to protect public health and ensure environmental compliance.

References

1. NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA #2004-0337-3051, 2007.
2. G.E. Hailin et al., “Determination of trace amounts of chloramines by LC,” Analytica Chimica Acta, 237, 149–153 (1990).
3. M. Hery, G.M. Gerber et al., “Exposure to Chloramines in a Green Salad Processing Plant,” Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 42(7), 437–451 (1998).