Fast and Accurate GC-MS Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Rubber and Plastic using a Zebron™ ZB-PAH-EU GC Column

Importance of the Topic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread contaminants formed during incomplete combustion of organic materials. Their presence in rubber and plastic consumer products, such as tires, footwear, sports equipment and tools, poses health risks through skin absorption, ingestion and inhalation. Regulatory bodies in the EU and the US have established strict concentration limits for multiple PAHs in articles with direct or repetitive human contact to minimize exposure and ensure product safety.

Study Objectives and Overview

This study aimed to develop a fast, sensitive and accurate gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the separation and quantification of 18 priority PAHs in rubber and plastic matrices. Using a specialized Zebron ZB-PAH-EU stationary phase, the work focused on optimizing column dimensions, temperature programming and injection conditions to achieve full resolution of critical isomer pairs within minimal analysis time.

Methodology and Instrumentation

The analysis employed two Zebron ZB-PAH-EU GC columns:

• 20 m × 0.18 mm × 0.14 µm; splitless injection at 290 °C, helium at 1.75 mL/min, and an oven ramp from 50 °C to 330 °C.
• 10 m × 0.10 mm × 0.08 µm; split (5:1) injection at 320 °C, helium at 0.68 mL/min, and a rapid oven program from 100 °C to 330 °C.

The MS detector operated in full scan mode (50–500 m/z) with source and transfer line at 300 °C. Engineered Self Cross-Linking (ESC™) chemistry provided thermal stability up to 340/360 °C, ensuring elution of high-boiling PAHs and bake-out of contaminants.

Key Results and Discussion

On the 20 m column, all 18 PAHs were baseline-resolved in under 25 minutes, including challenging benzo[b,j,k]fluoranthene isomers. The shorter 10 m column achieved complete separation in less than 13 minutes, demonstrating high throughput capability. Thermal stability and low bleed characteristics preserved peak shape and sensitivity, while consistent inertness minimized ghost peaks. Method robustness supports routine analysis in quality assurance and regulatory testing laboratories.

Benefits and Practical Applications

This GC-MS approach delivers:

• Rapid turnaround for high-throughput screening of rubber and plastic products.
• Reliable compliance with EU REACH and US EPA PAH limits.
• Enhanced resolution of isomeric pairs critical for accurate quantitation.
• Robust performance at elevated temperatures, reducing maintenance.

It is well suited for laboratories engaged in consumer safety testing, environmental monitoring and industrial quality control.

Future Trends and Applications

Emerging directions include integration of fast GC with high-resolution MS or tandem MS for lower detection limits and structural confirmation. Advances in column technology may further reduce analysis time and solvent consumption. Automated sample preparation and data processing workflows will support real-time monitoring and expanded analyte panels, aligning with green chemistry and digital laboratory initiatives.

Conclusion

The Zebron ZB-PAH-EU GC column demonstrates excellent selectivity, speed and thermal robustness for quantifying 18 priority PAHs in rubber and plastic. By resolving critical isomers in under 13 minutes and withstanding high bake-out temperatures, this method offers a powerful solution for regulatory compliance and high-throughput analytical needs.