Analysis of underivatized cold medicine

Significance of the topic

Underivatized analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients in cold medicines is critical for quality control and forensic investigations. A rapid and reliable method enables efficient monitoring of multiple amines and alkaloids in complex matrices.

Objectives and overview of the study

This study demonstrates a gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC–FID) method for simultaneous quantification of eleven underivatized cold medicine components. The approach targets separation efficiency and throughput for routine analysis.

Methodology

• Sample introduction via split injection (1 µL, split ratio 1:20) at 250 °C.
• Helium carrier gas flow set to 40 cm/s linear velocity.
• Temperature program: initial 175 °C, ramp 10 °C/min to 280 °C, hold for 5.5 min.

Used instrumentation

• Gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector at 280 °C.
• SH-5 Amine capillary column (30 m × 0.53 mm I.D., 1.00 µm film thickness).

Main results and discussion

The method achieved baseline separation of all target analytes—including phenylpropanolamine, phenylephrine, guaifenesin, various antihistamines, dextromethorphan, codeine, and hydrocodone—in a single chromatographic run. The optimized temperature program and column selection provided sharp peaks and consistent retention times, supporting reliable quantification.

Benefits and practical applications of the method

• No derivatization step reduces sample preparation time.
• Short analysis time enhances laboratory throughput.
• Suitable for pharmaceutical quality assurance, forensic casework, and regulatory compliance testing.

Future trends and potential applications

Advances may include coupling with mass spectrometry for enhanced selectivity, miniaturized or portable GC systems for field testing, and application of green solvents and carrier gases to reduce environmental impact.

Conclusion

The presented GC–FID method on an SH-5 Amine column offers a fast, robust solution for simultaneous determination of multiple cold medicine compounds without derivatization, meeting the needs of modern analytical laboratories.

Reference

No references provided.