LIGHTNIRS - functional Near- Infrared Spectroscopy Syste

Significance of the Topic

Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging optical imaging technique that measures cerebral hemodynamics noninvasively. By detecting changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, fNIRS enables real‐time monitoring of brain activity under more natural and mobile conditions compared with traditional neuroimaging modalities. Portable systems expand research into fields such as neuromarketing, rehabilitation, human–machine interfaces, and cognitive science.

Study Objectives and Overview

This whitepaper presents the specifications and applications of Shimadzu’s LIGHTNIRS portable fNIRS system for research and compares it to the established LABNIRS platform. The goals are to outline key design features, demonstrate measurement versatility, and illustrate software capabilities that support real‐time monitoring and advanced post‐processing.

Methodology and Instrumentation

LIGHTNIRS employs three near‐infrared semiconductor lasers (780, 805, 830 nm) and avalanche photodiode detectors to calculate changes in oxy‐, deoxy‐, and total hemoglobin. The compact unit (W253 × D222 × H68 mm) runs on AC or lithium‐ion battery power. Two head holders—Type A for frontal lobe studies and Type B for multi‐region measurements—accommodate up to 48 channels per unit. Optical fibers (1 m or 2 m) with specialized tips ensure stable scalp contact, even through hair. Data are compatible with Shimadzu’s FOIRE‐3000 and LABNIRS series. Accessories include 3D position tracking, video synchronization, MRI overlay, stimulus presentation, and real‐time feedback software.

Main Findings and Discussion

• Portability: Backpack and shoulder‐strap options facilitate on‐site recordings in naturalistic environments.
• Flexibility: Single or dual‐unit configurations support focused frontal measurements or expanded coverage of motor, visual, and temporal regions.
• Real‐time Operation: GUI allows online task mapping, channel addition, and trend visualization. Batch analysis and ICA, filtering, and integral/centroid calculations enable comprehensive data processing.
• Data Stability: Triple‐wavelength design enhances signal reliability during motion and ambient light fluctuations.

Benefits and Practical Applications

Researchers can:

• Assess cognitive load and decision‐making in marketing and communications.
• Evaluate motor cortex activation during exercise physiology and rehabilitation.
• Combine fNIRS with eye‐tracking or motion capture for multimodal studies.
• Implement brain–machine interface experiments using real‐time data transfer.

Future Trends and Opportunities

Advancements in wearable optics, miniaturized detectors, and wireless data transmission will further reduce system footprint and expand field studies. Integration with AI‐driven analytics, cloud‐based data sharing, and multimodal neuroimaging will enhance interpretation of hemodynamic signals. Customized headgear and high‐density optode arrays may improve spatial resolution and enable whole‐brain coverage in natural settings.

Conclusion

Shimadzu’s LIGHTNIRS system offers a robust, user‐friendly platform for mobile fNIRS research. Its versatility, real‐time capabilities, and compatibility with existing data sets make it well suited for diverse neuroscience and applied science applications. Continued development of instrument miniaturization and analytical tools promises to broaden fNIRS impact in both laboratory and real‐world contexts.