News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 06, 2026

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 16th February 2026? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you technical note by Agilent Technologies, presentation by MDCW / C³AL and application notes by BaySpec and Shimadzu!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Why Do Loss of Resolution and Retention Time Shift Occur After Installing a New GC Column?</h3><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/te_loss_resolution_retention_time_shifts_gc_column_5994_8773en_agilent_e5e79a5f5e.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>When a new column is installed on an instrument that has been running an application for a long time, and all the instrument parameters are set to the same values as before, the resolution between a pair of critical analytes can drop unacceptably, creating concern that the column is defective.&nbsp;The chromatograms that accompany columns like these will show that the retention times of the poorly resolved peaks on the new column have shifted. This difference indicates a change in linear velocity of the carrier gas, since the run conditions were the same.&nbsp;Why did the retention times of those compounds shift under seemingly identical run&nbsp;conditions? The answer is that the run conditions are not identical because the columns are not truly identical. In any manufacturing process, products are built to tolerances. In the case of a GC capillary column, these tolerances include diameter and length. Even small differences in diameter and length will affect the actual velocity and flow rate through a column at a given head pressure.<h3>2. BaySpec: Illicit Drug Detection &amp; Identification Using the Continuity™ Field Portable Mass Spectrometer</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bay_Spec_App_Note_C101_Illicit_Drug_Detection_1_5bd32f3fe9.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The trafficking and abuse of illicit drugs inflict tremendous harm upon individuals, families, and communities throughout the United States and the world. Based on the report of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, nearly 296 million people worldwide used drugs in 2022, with an estimated 64 million suffering from drug use disorders. The opioid epidemic alone has claimed over 160,000 lives in the United States over the past two years, highlighting the urgent need for effective measures to combat this scourge.Traditional methods of drug detection, such as laboratory-based analysis, are often time-consuming, costly, and require specialized personnel. These limitations make it challenging to address the rapid and widespread nature of drug trafficking and abuse. Moreover, the constant evolution of synthetic drugs and new psychoactive substances poses a significant challenge for law enforcement and public health officials, as these substances often evade detection using conventional methods.&nbsp;In recent years, portable mass spectrometry has emerged as a promising solution for the rapid detection and identification of illicit drugs. Unlike traditional laboratory instruments, portable mass spectrometers offer the advantage of on-site analysis, enabling law enforcement officers and first responders to quickly identify substances in real-time. This technology can be deployed in various settings, including border checkpoints, public events, and field investigations, providing a versatile and efficient tool for combating drug-related crimes. As the opioid crisis and the rise of synthetic drugs continue to pose significant challenges, the integration of portable mass spectrometry into drug detection strategies represents a critical step towards a safer and healthier society.<h4>Instrumentation&nbsp;</h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/2218">BaySpec Continuity™ Portable Mass Spectrometer</a> was used equipped with a Swab-APCI source, specifically designed for TSA-approved swabs. The samples on swabs were converted into vapors via the Swab vaporizer unit, which then were drawn into the ionization chamber by the built-in sampling pump.<h4>Conclusions&nbsp;</h4>In this study, we demonstrated the use of the Continuity™ Field Portable Mass Spectrometer equipped with a SwabAPCI ionization source for the detection and identification of various drugs. The capabilities of the instrument were assessed through the creation of calibration curves and surface sampling experiments using ten drug standards and four selected analytes: fentanyl, cocaine, methamphetamine, and MDMA. By serial diluting these standards in methanol, we established calibration curves and determined the instrument’s Limits of Detection (LODs) in MS2 mode. These experiments highlighted the instrument’s ability to detect trace amounts of drugs with high sensitivity and specificity.&nbsp;The performance of the Continuity™ field portable mass spectrometer in both controlled and real-world scenarios underscores its potential as a rapid, on-site analytical tool. The results obtained from triplicate measurements reinforce the reliability of this method, making it a valuable asset for law enforcement and public health agencies in their efforts to combat drug-related issues. This study confirms that the portable MS system can quickly and effectively identify illicit substances, offering a practical solution for field investigations and real-time decision-making. As the landscape of illicit drug use continues to evolve, such advancements in portable analytical technology will be crucial in providing timely and accurate information for intervention and prevention strategies.<h3>3. MDCW / C³AL: COUNTING DOUBLE BONDS: GC×GC–FID FOR PLASTIC PYROLYSIS OILS</h3><ul><li>Presentation</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/O_26_Petr_Vozka_04ef50f601.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The presentation focuses on the analytical challenge of accurately quantifying olefins (double bonds) in plastic pyrolysis oils and alternative fuels derived from plastic waste. As chemical recycling processes such as pyrolysis and hydrothermal processing gain importance, detailed compositional analysis becomes essential. Pyrolysis oils are highly complex mixtures containing paraffins, iso-paraffins, olefins, cycloalkanes, aromatics, and multi-ring structures. Because olefin content strongly affects fuel stability and upgrading requirements, reliable quantification is critical.Traditional bulk methods such as bromine number, bromine index, iodine value, FTIR, Raman, and NMR provide only total unsaturation and often suffer from interferences or limited selectivity. To achieve detailed group-type and compound-level analysis, the authors apply comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC×GC–FID). This technique delivers high resolution, reduces co-elution, and enables classification of linear, branched, cyclic, and aromatic olefins across wide boiling ranges.To further improve quantitative accuracy, a selective adsorption approach using silver-modified silica (Ag–SiO₂) solid-phase extraction is introduced. Olefins are selectively retained, and comparison of GC×GC–FID chromatograms before and after adsorption allows precise determination of olefin content. This method is shown to be cost-effective and reliable for samples containing more than 5 wt% olefins.Additionally, the presentation explores chemical derivatization of olefins using dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and other disulfides to improve structural identification and quantification. While effective for lighter gasoline-range samples, challenges remain for heavier fuels such as jet and diesel fractions. Ongoing work focuses on testing heavier disulfides, optimizing reaction conditions, and validating results using ¹H NMR spectroscopy and future TOFMS analysis.<h3>4. Shimadzu: Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Tattoo Inks Using GC-MS</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_09_ssk_023_en_ff47795f55.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>&nbsp;GCMS-QP2020 NX supports effective analysis of PAHs in Tattoo inks.</li><li>It provides an MFDS-based GC-MS method for PAHs in tattoo inks, enabling compliance with Korean regulations.</li></ul>Tattoo inks have been utilized for diverse purposes throughout history, serving as cultural identifiers and means of personal expression. In contemporary society, tattooing extends beyond aesthetics and self-expression to include medical applications such as camouflage of scars and post-operative rehabilitation. Because these inks are injected directly into the dermal layer, rigorous safety and hygienic control are essential to ensure human health protection.&nbsp;Among the regulated constituents in tattoo inks, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of particular concern. PAHs comprise over a hundred structurally related compounds, commonly generated through incomplete combustion processes, vehicle exhaust, and tobacco smoke. Several PAHs have been classified as carcinogenic, and chronic exposure may lead to bioaccumulation and subsequent adverse health effects.&nbsp;In January 2022, the European Union implemented stringent restrictions through updated REACH regulations, limiting the presence of approximately 4,000 hazardous substances in tattoo and permanent make-up inks, including PAHs. 1) These regulations prohibit the use of carcinogenic, mutagenic, and sensitizing substances previously detected in such products. Since the enforcement date, only compliant inks are permitted for distribution and use within the EU.&nbsp;In South Korea, tattoo inks were regulated as consumer chemical products under the Ministry of Environment until June 2025. Due to increasing safety concerns, they have since been reclassified as sanitary products under the authority of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), resulting in the implementation of more stringent safety requirements. 2)&nbsp;This application news introduces the analytical methodology for quantification of PAHs in tattoo inks based on the MFDS regulatory standards (Notice 2025-36). Samples were prepared in accordance with the prescribed protocol, and PAH concentrations were determined using gas chromatography– mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode.<h4>Analytical Conditions&nbsp;</h4>For the determination of PAHs in tattoo inks, a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-QP2020+NX">GCMS-QP2020 NX</a> system was employed, as shown in Figure 1. The instrumental parameters and selected ion monitoring (SIM) conditions used for PAH analysis are summarized in Table 1.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Quantitative analysis of PAHs in tattoo inks was performed using the GCMS-QP2020 NX. Sample preparation followed the procedure outlined in the MFDS ‘Standards and Specifications for Sanitary Products.’ All eight PAH analytes showed excellent linearity, with correlation coefficients (R²) exceeding 0.999. Recovery tests showed values between 81.6% and 115.1%, with relative standard deviations (%RSD) ranging from 0.11% to 3.13%, demonstrating good accuracy and precision. These results confirm that the GCMS-QP2020 NX is a suitable instrument for PAH analysis in tattoo inks.

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 08, 2026

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 13th April 2026? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, BaySpec, and Shimadzu and presentation by MDCW / SepSolve!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Sensitive and Reproducible Determination of Nitrosamines by GC/MSD</h3>Analysis of seven nitrosamines using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=5977+GC%2FMSD">Agilent 5977 GC/MSD</a> in positive chemical ionization mode with ammonia<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_nitrosamines_5977_gc_ms_5994_9063en_agilent_acf455cd8e.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Nitrosamines are a well known class of carcinogenic compounds that have been the subject of extensive scientific investigation and regulatory assessment for several decades.1 In recent years, various regulatory authorities have established drinking water guidelines for N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a disinfection byproduct of water treatment processes.&nbsp;In 2004, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published Method 521, a GC/MS-based method for the analysis of seven nitrosamines including NDMA in drinking water, supporting monitoring and regulatory programs.2 In 2010, Health Canada proposed a maximum acceptable concentration for NDMA in drinking water of 40&nbsp;ng/L.3 In the European Union (EU), several EU member states have introduced their own national limits for nitrosamines in drinking water. In Germany, for example, a concentration of 10&nbsp;ng/L will trigger the initiation of remedial actions to reduce the concentration of NDMA.4&nbsp;This application note demonstrates the ability of the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=5977+GC%2FMSD">Agilent&nbsp;5977 Series GC/MSD</a> to enable linear and reproducible detection of the seven nitrosamines included in EPA Method&nbsp;521 using positive chemical ionization (PCI) with&nbsp;ammonia.&nbsp;Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry that enhances molecular ion visibility through controlled ion–molecule reactions. In CI, a reagent gas is ionized first, and the resulting reagent ions subsequently transfer charge to the analyte, producing significantly less fragmentation than conventional electron ionization (EI).&nbsp;PCI further improves sensitivity by generating predominantly protonated molecular ions [M +H]+ , concentrating the ion signal into a high-abundance species and delivering a stronger response and improved signal-to-noise ratios for trace-level compounds. Ammonia is an especially effective reagent gas for PCI due to its clean and efficient proton‑transfer chemistry, low background spectral contribution, and ability to produce stable, high-intensity molecular ions.&nbsp;These characteristics make ammonia PCI a highly suitable ionization mode for the sensitive and selective analysis of small polar contaminants such as nitrosamines, where low‑level detection and confident molecular ion identification are critical.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The study has shown that the Agilent 5977 GC/MSD, operated in PCI mode with ammonia, delivers the sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility needed for trace-level nitrosamine&nbsp;analysis. The method demonstrated excellent linearity, with regression coefficients (R²) of 0.9989 or better across the 0.1 to 20.0&nbsp;ppb range for six nitrosamines, and 0.9987 across the 0.5 to 20.0&nbsp;ppb range for NPYR. Analytical repeatability was robust, with %RSD values &lt; 4.8% at the lowest calibration level, indicating a stable and consistent instrument response. Instrument Detection Limits ranged from 0.0063 to 0.0655&nbsp;ppb, demonstrating the system's ability to reliably distinguish analyte signals from instrumental noise. Overall, these results confirm the suitability of the 5977 GC/MSD as a sensitive and dependable platform for nitrosamine analysis in applications that require stringent trace‑level detection<h3>2. BaySpec: Peptide sequencing using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/2218">Continuity miniature mass spectrometer</a></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bay_Spec_App_Note_Peptide_Sequencing_002_af7ca2496c.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Peptide identification and sequencing strategies by mass spectrometry have been very well-developed during the last 25 years after the soft ionization techniques have been introduced. When sequencing peptides with tandem mass spectrometry (MSn), peptides are cleaved at various locations off their backbones to generate fragment ions of different masses based on their amino acid sequences. The most common product ions are the b-, y-, and a-ions generated from the cleavage of amide bond (CO-NH) and the subsequent loss of CO from the b-ions to form a-ions. The resulting MSn spectra can be matched with a database or computed with an algorithm to get the original sequence of known or unknown peptides.&nbsp;Here we present an example of peptide sequencing with BaySpec’s highly-portable (22 kg) and battery operated Continuity -series portable mass spectrometer. It features a linear ion trap with collisionally induced dissociation (CID) for MSn analysis, similar to the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/2219">Portability series mass spectrometers</a>. In addition, Continuity is equipped with a continuous atmospheric pressure sampling inlet with differential pumping, allowing the detection of a larger mass range (110 – 950 amu). BaySpec’s Continuity mass spectrometer is ideal for on-site peptide sequencing. In this application note, we show an example of peptide sequencing in a standard mixture (H2016, SigmaAldrich) with Continuity mass spectrometer. The mixture was dissolved in HPLC grade water, and then further diluted with an electrospray solution (50:50 methanol:water with 0.5% acetic acid). The diluted solution is directly infused into the API inlet of the Continuity mass spectrometer without any further treatment or separation.<h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/2218">ContinuityTM Mass Spectrometer&nbsp;</a></h4>The Continuity mass spectrometer is one of BaySpec’s newest portable instruments. Continuity features a continuous sampling atmospheric pressure inlet, wide mass range and high sensitivity. Designed to bring the benefits of powerful mass to the field, the Continuity can service a variety of bulk or trace detection applications, as well as scientific studies.<h3>3. MDCW / SepSolve: Sniff smarter: Empowering GC–O with trap-based enrichment and GC×GC for advanced aroma profiling</h3><ul><li>Presentation</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/O_5_Mikaliunaite_29610bc29d.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The presentation focuses on improving the correlation between chemical analysis and human sensory perception in complex samples such as food matrices. Traditional gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O) workflows face two major limitations: the presence of trace-level odorants with extremely low odour detection thresholds and the frequent co-elution of compounds, which makes it difficult to assign specific sensory attributes to individual analytes. As highlighted in the early slides, these challenges often result in discrepancies between what instruments detect and what the human nose perceives .To address these issues, the study introduces trap-based enrichment as a key enhancement step. This approach enables pre-concentration and focusing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) prior to GC analysis, while selectively removing interferents such as water and air. The use of electrically cooled traps allows efficient analyte retention and rapid thermal desorption, improving sensitivity without the need for cryogens. Importantly, this enrichment strategy enhances the detectability of trace odorants, enabling better alignment between instrumental signals and sensory perception.A second major advancement presented is the integration of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled with TOF-MS and olfactory detection (GC×GC–O–TOF MS). Compared to conventional one-dimensional GC, GC×GC significantly increases separation capacity, effectively resolving co-eluting compounds. This enables more confident identification of odor-active compounds and clearer mapping between chromatographic peaks and recorded aroma descriptors. The workflow also incorporates an odour detection port (ODP), allowing simultaneous acquisition of chromatographic and sensory data, thereby bridging the gap between analytical chemistry and human olfaction.The methodology is demonstrated using real-world applications, including citrus rind and orange juice analysis, where complex aroma profiles are investigated. The results show that GC×GC combined with enrichment and advanced data processing (e.g., Smart Subtract®) enables detailed comparison of sample variants (e.g., juice with vs. without pulp) and identification of subtle compositional differences. Overall, the study highlights that combining trap-based enrichment, GC×GC separation, and integrated sensory detection provides a powerful platform for comprehensive aroma profiling, improving both sensitivity and interpretability in flavour and fragrance analysis<h3>4. Shimadzu: Dual-line Gas Analysis Using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=gc-2060">Nexis GC-2060</a> Gas Chromatograph with a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GI-30+Auto+Gas+Injector">GI-30 Auto Gas Injector</a> and BID and TCD Detectors</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01171_en_5a83027622.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>The Nexis GC-2060 can be equipped with two GI-30 units, enabling automated gas analysis for two sample lines on a single GC.&nbsp;</li><li>The combination of TCD and BID detectors enables analysis of a wide range of sample concentrations.&nbsp;</li><li>Using the GI-30 auto gas injector enables automated gas-sample introduction with high repeatability</li></ul>Gas analysis is performed across a wide range of fields, including resource and energy applications and environmental applications. Typical target analytes include inorganic gases such as H2, N2, CO, and CO2, as well as light hydrocarbon gases such as CH4. Because concentration ranges and matrices vary depending on the sample, detection sensitivity and separation performance must be optimized to meet the measurement objective.&nbsp;Both BID and TCD detectors can detect all compounds except carrier gases (BID cannot detect Ne). The BID is a Shimadzudeveloped detector that enables highly sensitive analysis of lowlevel components at the ppm level and simultaneous analysis of multiple compounds, including H2. In contrast, the TCD provides stable analysis even at high concentrations on the order of percent, and it also has a short time from startup to analysis readiness. Using both detectors together allows a single GC system to cover a wide concentration range from low to high.&nbsp;This article describes dual-line gas analysis using a Nexis GC-2060 equipped with both a BID and a TCD, combined with automated sample introduction using the GI-30 auto gas injector. By combining a BID and a TCD,samples across a broad concentration range can be measured. In addition, automated introduction of gas samples using the GI-30 improves repeatability in continuous analysis and enhances operational efficiency.<h4>Dual-LineGas Analysis Using the GI-30</h4>The GI-30 is an auto gas injector that enables automated, continuous analysis of gas samples (Fig. 1 (right) shows a schematic diagram of the GI-30). With its highly expandable design, the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=gc-2060">Nexis GC-2060 </a>can be equipped with two <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GI-30+Auto+Gas+Injector">GI-30</a> units (Fig. 1 (left)). This enables high-throughput automated gas analysis of two sample lines on a single GC. In addition, because the injection unit, column, detector, and carrier gas can be configured independently for each line, the system can accommodate gas samples with diverse compositions and concentrations. In this application, Line 1 was configured with an SPI/BID to provide highly sensitive detection of low-level components. The SPI is a split/splitless injection unit dedicated to gas analysis. Its high airtightness and inert deactivation of the flow path help suppress ambient air intrusion and analyte adsorption, making it effective for analyzing trace atmospheric components (e.g., N2 and O2) and components that tend to adsorb. In contrast, Line 2 was configured with an SPL/TCD. Using an SPL injection unit also allows liquid sample analysis and manual injection with a gas-tight syringe.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Low- and high-concentration gas samples were analyzed simultaneously on two lines using a Nexis GC-2060 equipped with two GI-30 units and a BID/TCD. By adopting a dual-line configuration with dual GI-30 units and selecting the injection unit, column, detector, and carrier gas according to the measurement objective, it is possible to expand the range of sample concentrations and compositions that can be measured. In addition, automated, continuous gas analysis using the GI-30 reduces the analyst’s workload and enables highly repeatable analysis that is difficultto achieve with manual introduction.

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 16, 2026

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Bioprocessing Workshop — Real-time Process MS + Multi-flow Sampling

Markes International Symposium: Advances in GC sample introduction, separation and characterisation workflows

Agilent Pharma/BioPharma Seminar The End-to-End Digital Lab: Your Future Starts Now

Pesticide Residues & Fumigants Edition

Introduction to Photothermal AFM-IR for Infrared Spectroscopists

Chromeleon Admin Console III: Data management and automation